1. INDIRECT SPEECH
When we report something that has being said or written
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Present Simple /continuous Past Simple / continuous
“I LIKE YOUR SHOES, KATE,” SAID JACK JACK SAID HE LIKED KATE´S SHOES.
Past Simple / Continuous Past simple / continuous or past perfect
simple/continuous
“I SAW THEM ADVERTISED ON TV,” SAID KATE SAID SHE SAW / HAD SEEN THEM
KATE ADVERTISED ON TV
Present Perfect Simple / Continuous Past Perfect Simple / Continuous
“I’VE BOUGHT A HAT,” HELEN TOLD ME
VE HELEN TOLD ME (THAT) SHE HAD BOUGHT A
HAT
WILL WOULD
“I’LL TAKE YOU IF YOU WANT,” SHE SAID
I’LL SHE SAID SHE WOULD TAKE ME IF I WANTED
MUST (OBLIGATION) HAD TO
“YOU MUST BUY A TICKET,”HE SAID HE SAID THAT WE HAD TO BUY A TICKET
CAN COULD
“I CAN SPEAK SPANISH WELL,” SHE SAID
SPEAK SHE SAID SHE COULD SPEAK SPANISH WELL

2. * The verb form does not need to change when:
- the situation being reported is unchanged
“Bananas are good for energy,” said the doctor
The doctor told us that bananas are good for energy.
- the thing reported contains the modals would, could, might, ought to and should
or must for logical deductions.
“I ought to buy a new car,” she said
She said she ought to buy a new car.
“You should study for the test,” she told me
She told me I should study for the test
- the thing being reported contains the past perfect
“ He had already taken a shower,” she said
She said he had already taken a shower.
REPORTED QUESTIONS
- Reported Yes / No questions
We use if / whether
“Could I borrow your bike?” she asked
She asked if / whether she could borrow my bike.

3. - Reported Wh- questions
The wh- is followed by statement word order (subject + verb) instead of question
word order.
“Why did you leave that job?” she asked him
She asked him why he had left that job.
REPORTED ORDERS
“ Please open your bag”, said the police officer
The police officer told / ordered me to open my bag - (verb + object + infinitive with to)
REPORTED RECOMMENDATIONS
“I’d buy the red coat,” my friend said
My friend recommended buying the red coat – recommend + -ing
My friend recommended (that) I buy the red coat – recommend + (that) + clause
REPORTED SUGGESTIONS
“Let’s pay half each,” she said
She suggested paying half each.
She suggested we paid half each
She suggested that we should pay half each
NOT: She suggested to pay / suggested us to pay half each

4. Other changes that occur in reported speech are:
DIRECT
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Tomorrow The next day, the day after, the following day
“I’ll go tomorrow he said
tomorrow,” He said he would go the following day
Yesterday The day before, the previous day
“He washed it yesterday she said
yesterday,” She said he washed / had washed it the
previous day
Last week The week before
here There
This morning That morning
today That day
Next Friday The following Friday
ago before