This document discusses renal tubular acidosis (RTA), a group of disorders characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and tubular dysfunction. It describes the different types of RTA, including distal RTA (type I), proximal RTA (type II), and type IV RTA. Distal RTA is caused by a failure of the distal tubules to secrete dietary acid, leading to an inability to maximally acidify urine or generate new bicarbonate. Proximal RTA results from decreased proximal tubular resorption of bicarbonate. Type IV RTA involves defects in distal tubular secretion of hydrogen ions and potassium, causing hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and hyperkal

1. Renal Tubular acidosis Dr. Adnan MH Hamawandi Professor of Pediatrics College of Medicine University of Sulaimany