This document provides an overview of Florence Nightingale's philosophy of nursing. It discusses Nightingale's biography and achievements, including her pioneering work establishing formal nursing education. It outlines Nightingale's theory, which emphasized controlling the patient's environment to assist in recovery. The document details Nightingale's 13 Canons, or assumptions, about factors like ventilation, light, noise and hygiene that influence health. It also provides examples of applying Nightingale's philosophy to the nursing process by assessing and modifying patients' environments.

1. Philosophy of
Florence
Nightingale
Prepared by Malik
Zeeshan Ali
Acknowledgement
Mehtab
12/12/2021
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2. Objectives
🞇 Historical overview of Nightingale’s work and
achievements.
🞇 T
hirteen Canons of Nightingale’s philosophy.
🞇 Application of Nightingale’s philosophy into
Education, Practice, and Research.
🞇 Evaluation of Nightingale’s Philosophy
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3. What would have been nursing
like if Nightingale was not
born?
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4. Biography
🞇 Founder of modern nursing.
🞇 Born on May 12, 1820, in Florence, Italy.
🞇 Belonged to a renowned Victorian family.
🞇 She was “called”. In1837, Nightingale wrote in her
diary “God spoke to me and called me to his
service”.
🞇 Decided to help the suffering masses and wish to
work in hospitals, at age 24.
🞇 Completed her nursing training in 1851 from
Kaiserwerth, Germany (3 months training).
🞇 She received a request from a family friend
(Secretary of War) to go to Scutari, Turkey.
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5. Biography (Cont…)
🞇 Pioneered the concept of formal education for
nurses.
🞇 1854, care for wounded soldiers in Crimea war
“Lady of the lamp”, strongly influenced her
philosophy of nursing
🞇 In1859, she was the first to conceptualize nursing’s
work into a theoretical framework, published her
views on nursing care in notes on is considered the
First Nursing T
heorist.
🞇 Stated in her nursing notes that nursing “is an act
of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist
him in hisrecovery.”
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6. Biography (Cont…)
🞇 Started a school of nursing in St.Thomas hospital in
England (funds received from Scutari).
🞇 Worked for local, national and international
societal issues related to environment.
🞇 Worked till her 80s.
🞇 T
he I
nternational Nurses Day, May 12 isobserved in
respect to her contribution to Nursing
🞇 Died August 13, 1910 at age 90.
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7. Nightingale’s Theory
The foundation of Nightingale’s theory is the
environment- all the external conditions and
forces that influence the life and development of
an organism.
She assumed that, external influences and
conditions can prevent, suppress, or contribute to
disease or death.
Her goal was to help the patient retain his own
vitality by meeting his basic needs through
control of the environment.
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8. Major Assumptions of
Nightingale's Theory
Nursing
🞇 Every woman at one time in her life, would be a
nurse in a sense that nursing is being responsible
for someone else’s health.
🞇 Trained nurses, however, were to learn additional
scientific principles to be more skilled in observing
and reporting patients’ health status.
🞇 Nursing as spiritual calling
🞇 Nursing isan art and a science
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9. Major Assumptions (cont…)
Person
🞇 Referred to as patients, performing self-care
when possible.
🞇 The patient isat the center of the Nightingale
model, which incorporates a holistic view of
the person as someone with psychological,
intellectual, and spiritual components.
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10. Major Assumptions (Cont…)
Health
🞇 Being well and using every power (resource)
to the fullest extent in living life.
🞇 Saw disease and illness asa reparative
process that nature instituted when a person
did not attend to health concerns.
🞇 Public health nursing (health promotion)
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11. Major Assumptions (Cont..)
Environment
🞇 Emphasizes that nursing was “to assist nature in
healing the patient. This was to be accomplished
by managing the external and internal
environments in an assistive way_ in a way that
was consistent with the laws of nature”.
🞇 Five environmental factors essential to health:
Clean air
, Pure water, Efficient drainage,
Cleanliness, and light.
🞇 Sick poor people would benefit from
environmental improvement that would affect
both theirbody and mind
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12. Phenomena of interest:
Environment
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Social
environment
Psychological
environment
Physical
Environment

13. Phenomena of interest: Environment (Cont..)
🞇 Physical Environment:
Consistsof physical elements
where the patient isbeing
treated. It affects all other
aspects of the environment.
Cleanlinessof environment
relates directly to disease
prevention and patient
mortality. Aspects of the
physical environment influence
the social and psychological
environmentsof the person.
🞇 Psychological environment
can be affected by a negative
physical environment which then
causes STRESS. It requires various
activities to keep the mind active.
It involves communication with
the person, about the person, and
about other people.
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Three types of environments
o Social environment includes
components of the physical
environment - clean air
,clean
water, proper drainage. It
consistsof a person’s home or
hospital room, aswell asthe
total community.

14. Thirteen Canons of the Theory
1. Health of houses
2. Ventilation and warming
3. Light
4. Cleanlinessof rooms/walls
5. Noise
6. Bed and bedding
7. Personal cleanliness
8. Variety
9. Chattering hopes and advices
10. Taking food.
11. What food
12. Petty management
13. Observation of the sick
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15. Canons: (Cont..)
1.Health of houses:The importance of the health of
houses as being closely related to the presence of pure
air
, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness and light.
Cleanliness outside the house effected the inside.
2.Ventilation and warming:Nurses was “to keep the air
he breathes as pure as the external air, without chilling”.
Nightingale was very concerned about “noxious air” or
“effluvia” or foul odors that came from excrement. She
stressed an importance of room temperature. T
he
patient should not be too warm or too cold.
3.Light; She viewed that direct sunlight was what
patients wanted. She noted that light has “quite real
and tangible effects upon the human body”.
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16. Canons:(Cont..)
4.Personal cleanliness: T
he need for cleanliness is
extended to the patient, the nurse and the environment.
She viewed the functions of the skin is important, believing
that many disease are caused due to breaks in the skin.
5.Noise: She stated that patient should never be waked
intentionally or accidentally during the first part of sleep.
She asserted that whispered or long conversations about
patientsare thoughtless and cruel. Nurses responsibility is
to assess and stop different king of noise.
6.Bed and bedding: She stated that dirty carpets and
wallscontaining large quantities of organic matter
provide ready source of infection, just as dirty sheetsand
beds did.
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17. Canons:(Cont..)
7. Personal Hygiene:an important factor for patient
health.
8.Variety: Variety in the environment was a critical
aspect of affecting the patientsrecovery. She
discussed the need for changes in colour, including
bringing the patient brightly coloured flowers or plants,
pictures, puzzles.
9.Chattering hopes and advices: False hopes are
depressing to patients, and make them to worry and
become fatigued. She believed that sick persons
should hear good news that would assist them in
becoming healthier.
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18. Canons:(Cont..)
10.Taking food: Assess the diet of the client. T
ake note
of food and drink ingested by the client at every meal.
11.What food: continue with the assessment of the diet
include type of food and drink the client likes or dislikes.
Ensures client enjoys the drink available.
12.Petty management: it ensures continuity of care.
Documentation of the plan of care and all evaluations
will ensure others give the same care to the client in your
absence.
13.Observation of Sick: observe everything about your
client. Record all the observations. Observations should
be factual and not merely opinions. Continue to
observe the client’s surrounding environment and make
alterations in the plan where needed.
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19. By Florence
in Year 1860
Florence in her
80’s
Statue of Florence in
London Museum
Florence’s
Lamp
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Movie on
Florence 2005
About
Florence by
Gorrell, 2000
About
Florence by
Dossey, 2000
About
Florence by
Barnham, 2002

20. Take home message
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21. Next class group assignment
(Group 1 & Group 2)
Share and present in the class about
the articles given it to the group and
discuss following objectives:
1. Application of nightingale model
into practice.
2. Rediscovering a history of nursing
management: From Nightingale
to the modern matron
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22. Application of Nightingale's
theory in nursing process
Assessment
• Adequacy of ventilation
• Cleanlinessof environment
• Presence of draft
• Sudden noises
• Amount of sunlight and artificial light
• Variety of dietary offerings
• Odorspresent in throughout ward
• Methodsof disposal of human waste and sputum
• Opportunity to communicate with others
• Insufficient warmth
• Company from family and otherpatient
• Insufficient knowledge regarding disease
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23. Application of Nightingale's
theory in nursing process
Nursing Diagnosis
Non-stimulating environment
Expected Outcome
Stimulating environment will positively affect the
health of the patients
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24. Application of Nightingale's
theory in nursing process
Implementation
🞇 Provide adequate ventilation by opening doors and windows.
Keep the surrounding environment clean (linen, bed, utensils)
🞇 Keep the patient Properly dressed up, in warm and
comfortable room, avoid unnecessary noise.
🞇 Increase stimulus through a greater exposure to sunlight and
fresh air.
🞇 Provide nutritious diet and encourage for liquid diet frequently.
🞇 Proper disposal of sputum, human excreta and other waste to
remove odors.
🞇 Keep in stimulating environment such as listening to radio,
reading magazines and newspapers.
🞇 Provide sufficient advice, information about disease, it’s
prognosis, course of treatment to the patient and family
members.
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25. Application of Nightingale's
theory in nursing process
Evaluation
Itis based on observation on the effect of a changing
environment on the health of a person specially focus
on the vital signs and adequate knowledge about
disease condition.
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26. Application of Nightingale’s
work in the nursing process
Assessment: ABC, a 10 yrs. old was injured in a road traffic
accident. She had head injury then she was admitted to
PICU. Because of PICU environment she had interrupted
sleep and she became increasingly confused. Her leg
has become infected.
Analysis of data:includes data gap ..
Nursing Diagnosis: Impaired sleep pattern related to
environmental light and noise and separation from family
as evidenced by patient facial expression and
confusion.
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27. Application of Nightingale’s work in
the nursing process
Planning and implementation:Nursing actions focus
on changing the environment to support more
normal sleep patterns, that is, being awake during
the day and sleeping at night.
Evaluation: After two nights of uninterrupted sleep,
normal sounds, and parental encouragement, ABC
will demonstrate increased orientation to place
being able to identify that she isin the hospital.
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29. THANK YOU
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