1. K. Tharani
131863

2. 
Importance and usage of geology

Case study on preparation and evaluation of geological maps
in 3D GIS environment

Results
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3. 
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system
for capturing, storing, querying, analyzing and displaying
geospatial data.

Engineering geology is the application of the geologic
sciences to engineering practice for the purpose of assuring
that the geologic factors affecting the location, design,
construction, operation and maintenance of engineering works
are recognized.
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4. 
GIS technology has refined
and improved the power of
traditional mapping by
facilitating the production of
cross sections and 3D
images of buried geological
features
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5. 
GIS is the best tool for geological and morphological
mapping.

Mostly 2-dimensional GIS is used in many different
application fields. Even this 2-dimensional GIS is used for
many geo scientific studies, 3-dimensional modeling must be
used if variation of subsurface is needed.
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6. 
Study area is Kadikoy Municipality of Istanbul metropolitan
area.

3D GIS uses x, y, z values for processing the data. Here z
values correspond to the bore hole data.

GIS has four segments namely input , management,
processing and output.
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10. 
3-dimensional GIS can provide functionality for creating,
managing, manipulating and analyzing 3-dimensional data.

The attribute, which was used as in the z-direction (depth), is
based on soil grain size. The changing of grain size with the
depth is obviously seen in the studied area is shown in the
figure
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12. 
Pseudo 3D GIS is obtained by complementing graphs with
2D GIS

“Real 3-dimensional GIS” has the capability of more realistic
visualization.

The location of subsurface structures are obviously visible on
the volumetric diagram in the real 3-dimensional GIS
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