The Smart Grid

 What is an Electrical Grid?
 Traditional Electrical Grid Layout
 Problems with present grid
 What is a Smart Grid?
 Smart Grid Layout
 Before and after Smart Grid
 Smart Grid technologies
 Smart Grid components
 Smart Grid benefits
 Smart Grid challenges
 INDIA and Smart Grid
 Stages in the evolution of Smart Grid
 Smart Grid technology implementation curve
 Characteristics of Smart Grid
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL GRID.
An electrical grid (also referred to as an electricity
grid or electric grid) is an interconnected network
for delivering electricity from suppliers to
consumers. It consists of generating stations that
produce electrical power, high-voltage
transmission lines that carry power from distant
sources to demand center ,and distribution lines
that connect individual customers
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TRADITIONAL ELECTRICAL GRID
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TRADITIONAL ELECTRICAL GRID
Transmission
Distribution
Generating Units
Substation /Grid
LOADS 5
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PROBLEMS WITH PRESENT GRID
 No power management
 Power Theft
 High Grid Losses
 Poor Reliability of Power Supply ie. interruption
 Insufficient Power Consumption and Power
Shortage
 Limited delivery system
 High cost of power outage and power quality
 Inefficient at managing peak load
 Communication too slow
 Major source is fossil fuel
 Almost zero customer participation
 Low billing and collecting efficiency
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WHAT IS A SMART GRID.
 A smart grid is an evolved grid system that manages
electricity demand in a sustainable, reliable and
economic manner, built on advanced infrastructure and
tuned to facilitate the integration of all involved.
 It uses digital communications and information
technology in the generation, delivery and consumption
of electrical energy.
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THE SMART GRID.
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SMART GRID OVERVIEW
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SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY
IMPLEMENTATION CURVE
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STAGES IN THE EVOULATION OF SMART GRID
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 Integrated Communications
Data acquisition, protection, and control, through intelligent electronic devices.
 Sensing and Measurement technologies
Acquiring data to evaluate the health and integrity of the grid.
It include automatic meter reading, elimination of billing estimates, and prevent
energy theft.
 Advanced Components
Determine the electrical behaviour of the grid.
Based on research and development (R&D) gains in power electronics,
superconductivity, materials, chemistry, and microelectronics.
 Advanced Control Methods
Analyse, diagnose, and predict grid conditions autonomously and take
appropriate corrective actions to eliminate, mitigate, prevent outages and power
quality disturbances.
SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES
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Improved Interfaces and Decision Support
Convert complex power-system data into information that can be easily
understood by grid operators.
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 Intelligent appliances
Deciding consume power based on pre-set customer help in reducing peak loads,
generation costs and cutting down on damaging greenhouse emissions.
Smart Grids have shown that consumers can save up to 25% on energy.
 Smart power meters
Features two-way communications between consumers and power
providers to automate billing data collection, detect outages and dispatch
repair crews to the correct location faster.
 Smart substations
Monitoring and control of critical and non-critical operational
data such as power factor performance, breaker, transformer and battery
status, security, etc.
SMART GRID COMPONENTS
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 Smart distribution
It is self-healing, self-balancing and self-optimizing.
It including superconducting cables, automated monitoring, analysis
tools capable of detecting or even predicting cable and failures based on
real-time data about weather, outage history, etc.
 Smart generation capable
It is capable of "learning" the unique behaviour of power generation resources to
optimize energy production, and to automatically maintain voltage, frequency
and power factor standards based on feedback from multiple points in the grid.
 Universal access
It is affordable, low-carbon electrical power generation (e.g., wind turbines,
concentrating solar power systems, photovoltaic panels) and storage (e.g., in
batteries, flywheels or super-capacitors or in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles).
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SMART METERS
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SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES
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ADVANCED DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION
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SMART GRID BENEFITS
 Self-Healing
A smart grid automatically detects and responds to routine problems and
and quickly recovers if occur, minimizing downtime and financial
loss.
 Motivates and Includes the Consumer
A smart grid gives all consumers visibility into real-time pricing, and
help to choose the volume of consumption and price.
 Resists Attack
A smart grid has security built-in from the ground up.
 Provides Power Quality
Provides power free of sags, spikes, disturbances and interruptions.
It is use by the data centers, computers, electronics and robotic
manufacturing that will power our future economy.
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 Accommodates
A smart grid enables "plug-and-play" interconnection to multiple and
distributed sources of power and storage (e.g., wind, solar,
battery storage, etc.)
 Enables Markets
It provides consistently dependable coast-to-coast operation, a smart
grid supports energy markets that encourage both investment and
innovation.
 Optimizes Assets and Operates Efficiently
A smart grid enables us to build less new infrastructure, transmit more
power through existing systems, and thereby spend less to operate and
maintain the grid.
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SMART GRID CHALLENGES
 Financial Resources
Regulators require extensive proof before authorizing
major investments on grid for societial benefit.
 Government Support
Industry may not have the financial capacity to fund new
technologies, requires aid of government programs to
provide incentives to invest.
 Compatible Equipment
Older equipment needed to be replaced for making
compatible with smart grid technologies.
Equipment beyond its depreciated life minimizes the
capital cost to consumers but it’s early retirement may
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 Speed of Technology Development
Need to accelerate the progress of power technology of
future, like solar power, fuel cell ,wind generator .
 Policy and Regulation
Govt. policy regarding projects need to be defined
clearly to avoid resistance and attract investors for
funding and benefits.
 Cooperation
Cooperation needed to install critical circuit ties and
freely exchange information to implement smart grid
concepts.
 Concern of privacy and security
Some type of meter can be hacked,so gain control on
millions of meter.
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 According to Central Power Ministry Secretary, India's demand for power is
increasing at an annual rate of 8-10%. In October 2008, the "Smart Grids India"
conference will be held to discuss the infrastructure requirements to "modernize
the grid" and to turn a "dumb grid" into a "smart grid". Indian utilities are
challenged to achieve the ambitious target set by the power ministry to provide
"Power to all by 2012." According to
 According to its Ministry of Power, India's transmission and distribution losses
are among the highest in the world, averaging 26% of total electricity
production, with some states as high as 62%. When non-technical losses such as
energy theft are included in the total, average losses are as high as 50%. This
creates a powerful incentive for introducing smart grid components, and the
meter market in India is estimated at 100 million nodes!
 In July, 2008, Rabirashmi Abasan in Kolkata (greater Calcutta area) became the
first housing project in India where residents have the option of generating
power in rooftop solar photovoltaic panels, and selling it to the power grid
utility. From now on, their electricity bills will reflect the difference between the
energy consumed from the utility and how much they send to the grid.
 BESCOM implemented the first smart grid in India.
A Sampling of Smart Grid Projects in INDIA
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KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF SMART GRID
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A STEP FORWARD FOR SMARTER FUTURE
THANKS
HAVE A NICE DAY
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The Smart Grid

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