community health nursing health agencies

1. HEALTH AGENCIES

2. Introduction
India is rich with many health care agencies
• Function: to promote health, to prevent
illness and to
provide curative services
• Aim : to reduce the mortality and morbidity
rates

3. Purpose of Health care Agencies;
Provision for promotive and preventive care
Rendering curative services
Reduction in population growth rate
Improvement in nutritional status
Improvement in sanitation facilities
Development of manpower resources
Provision for safe water and food supply
Increasing the literacy rate
Reducing the levels of poverty

4. Types of health care agencies
⚫International Health Agencies
⚫National Health Agencies.

5. International Health
Agencies
National Health Agencies.
• WHO
• UNDP
• World Bank
• FAO
• UNICEF
• DANIDA
• European Commission
• Red Cross
• USAID
• UNESCO
• ILO
• CARE
• Indian Red Cross
• Indian Council for Child Welfare
• Family Planning Association
of India
• Hindu Kusht Nivaran Sangh
• Central Social Welfare Board
• All India Women’s Conference
• Blind Association of India etc.

6. International
Health
Agencies

9. OBJECTIVES OF WHO
Main Objective:
“The attainment by all peoples of the
highest level of health” which is set out
in the preamble of the constitution

10. OBJECTIVES IN THE PREAMBLE OF
WHO:
Complete state of physical, mental and
social well being
No discrimination in path of attainment of
highest standard of health.
Good Health is for attainment of peace
and security.

11. Cont…
Good health is valued to all
Equal development in promotion and control
of disease in all the countries
Extension to all people of the benefits of
medical,
• psychological and related knowledge.
Informed opinion and active co-operation

12. MEMBERSHIPINWHO
Open to all countries.
Most of the members of both the UN
and the

13. WORK OFWHO:
•Prevention and control of specific diseases
•Development of Comprehensive services
Family health Bio-Medical Research
Health Statistics
•Environmental Health, Health literature and
information
•Co-operation with other organisation

15. The World HealthAssembly:
 Supreme governing body and the
health parliament of nations.
 Annual meeting-May, Venue-Geneva
 It is composed of Delegates from
different respective countries and each
is given the power of one vote

16. Functions:
International health policy and programmes
Review the work of the past year.
Approve the budget of the following year.
Approve the budget needed for the following
year.
Elect Member states to designate a person to
serve for three years on the executive board
and to replace the retiring members

17. The Executive Board
It has18 members which had been
incremented to 31 members by the health
assembly.
Members to be technically qualified in the
field of health
One third of the membership is renewed
every year.

18. The Executive Board
Executive board meets every year in the
month of January and May after the meeting
of the World HealthAssembly.
The main work of the board is to give affect
to the decisions and policies of the assembly
Emergent and immediate action in
epidemics, earthquakes

19. Headed by the Director General
Function:
T
o provide member states with technical
and managerial support for their national
development programmes.
There are 5 Assistant Director Generals who
are assigned different tasks by the Director
General

20. SOUTH-EASTASIA-New Delhi(India)
Africa- (Zimbabwe)
Americas-Washington D.C(U.S.A)
Europe-Copenhagen(Denmark)
Western Pacific Manila(Philippines)
Western Pacific

22. Specialised agency of the United Nations.
Established in 1946 to rehabilitate children in
war ravaged countries
Headquarters-New York
Works in collaboration with FAO,UNDP,WHO
and UNESCO
Provides assistance in varied fields of MCH
and envt.sanitation.

23. Funding is derived voluntarily from
governmental and non-governmental
organisations.
Services provided by UNICEF:
Child health
Child nutrition
Family health and child welfare
Education(Formal and non-formal)

25. Established in the year 1966
To help poorer nations develop their human
and natural resources more fully.
The UNDP projects cover virtually every
economic and social Sector agriculture,
industry, education and science, health,
social welfare.

26. UNDP’S activities:
UNDP's network links and coordinates global
and national efforts to reach these Goals.
Their foc.us is helping countries build and
share solutions to the challenges of:
Democratic Governance
Poverty Reduction
Crisis Prevention and Recovery
Environment and Energy
HIV/AIDS

28. The food and agriculture
organization(FAO) was formed in the year
1945 with headquarters in Rome.
It was United Nations organization
specialized agency created to look after
several areas of world co-operation.

29. AIMS OF FAO:
The chief aims of FAO are as follows;
1)to help nations raise living standards.
2)to improve the nutritional status of people of
all countries.
3)to increase the efficiency of farming, forestry
and fisheries.
4)to better the condition of rural people and
better the opportunity of productive work.

31. The International labour Organisation was
established in the year 1919.
The International Labour Organization (ILO)
is a United Nations agency dealing
with labour issues, particularly international
labour standards and decent work for all.
the 193 UN member states are members of the
ILO.
In 1969, the organization received the Nobel
Peace Prize for improving peace among
classes, pursuing justice for workers, and
providing technical assistance to other
developing nations.

32. The purposes of ILO are as follows:
1)Tocontribute to the establishment of
lasting peace by promoting social justice.
2)T
o improve through international action ,
labour conditions, and living standards.
3) T
o improve economic and social stability

34. Development (USAID) is the United States federal
government agency primarily responsible for
administering civilian foreign aid. Responding to
President Obama's pledge in his January 2013 State
of the Union address to "join with our allies to
eradicate extreme poverty in the next two decades,“
USAID has adopted as its mission statement
partner to end extreme poverty and to promote
resilient, democratic societies while advancing the
security and prosperity of the United States.“
USAID operates in Africa,Asia, Latin
America and Europe.

35. ACTIVITIES OF USAID
The US government is assisting in a number
of projects designed to improve the health of
Indian people.
1)Malaria eradication
2)Medical education
3)Nursing education
4)Health education
5)Water supply and sanitation
6)Control of communicable diseases
7)Nutrition
8)Family planning

37. INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS
⚫The red cross is a non-political and
non- official international
humanitarian organization
⚫The first Geneva convention took place
in 1864 and a treaty was signed for the
relief of the wounded and sick of the
armies in the field .Thus came into
being the International committee of red
cross(ICRC).

38. Role of Red cross:
1)It was largely confined to the victims of the
war.
2)mainly it tries to involve itself into activities
like first aid in case of war like
situations,MCH services
3)lately it has tried to extend it’s research in
Disaster management and has designed
emergency protocols.

40. Co-operative for assistance and relief
everywhere” founded in North America in the
wake of the second world war in the year 1945.
It is on of the world’s largest independent, non-
profit, non-sectarian international relief and
development organistaion. CAREprovides
enmergency aid and long term development
assistance.
Operation in India from 1950

41. Activities:
CARE-India focused it’s food support in the ICDS
programme and in developments of programmes in
areas of health and income supplementation.
It is helping in the following projects:
Integrated nutrition and health projects, better
health and nutrition projects, anemia control project,
improving women’s health projects, improved
health care for adolescent's girls projects, child
survival projects, Improving women’s reproductive
health and family spacing project.
CARE-India works in partnership with the
government of India, state Government, NGO’s etc.
Currently it has projects in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
MP, Maharashtra, Orissa and UP and West-
Bengal.

43. •The World Bank, established in 1944,
is headquartered in Washington, D.C
•The World Bank is a vital source of
financial and technical assistance to
developing countries around the world.
•Its mission is to fight poverty with passion
and professionalism for lasting results and to
help people help themselves and their
environment by providing resources, sharing
knowledge, building capacity and forging
partnerships in the public and private
sectors.
•The president, currently David R.Malpass

44. It provides low-interest loans, interest-free
credits and grants to developing countries
for various purposes that include
i. investments in education,
ii. health,
iii. public administration,
iv. infrastructure,
v. financial and private sector development,
vi. agriculture,
vii. environmental and natural resource
management.

45. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger:
Achieve Universal Primary Education:
Promote Gender Equality
Reduce Child Mortality
Improve Maternal Health
Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Develop a Global Partnership for Development

47. UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, is
the lead UN agency for delivering a world where
every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe,
and every young person's potential is fulfilled.
UNFPAexpands the possibilities for women and
young people to lead healthy and productive lives.
Since UNFPAstarted working in 1969, the number
– and rate – of women dying from complications of
pregnancy or childbirth has been halved. Families
are smaller and healthier. Young people are more
connected and empowered than ever before.

48. UNFPA supports healthy families by:
•Training health workers to deliver quality
family planning services
•Supplying contraceptives in emergency
situations
•Ensuring youth-friendly reproductive health
care
•Providing counselling and choices to
women who want to avoid or delay
pregnancy
•Educating men on the benefits of birth
spacing

49. UNFPA supports maternal health by:
• Training midwives and health workers
• Preventing and treating obstetric fistula
• Supplying clean birthing kits following
disasters
• Strengthening emergency obstetric care
• Ensuring reliable supplies of essential
medicines and equipment
• Enabling birth spacing

50. UNFPAadvocates for the welfare of young
people by:
• Promoting the human rights of adolescents
• Preventing HIV infection
•Engaging young people in decisions that affect
them
•Supporting age-appropriate comprehensive
sexuality education
• Creating safe spaces for adolescent girls
•Encouraging abandonment of harmful
practices
• Encouraging leadership

52. Danish International Development
Agency (DANIDA), is the brand which the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark,
uses when it provides humanitarian aid and
development assistance to other countries,
with focus on developing countries. There is
no distinct Danida organisation within the
Ministry.

53. Denmark has been granting development assistance since
the end of the Second World War.
It is one of the five countries in the world that meets the
United Nation's target of granting 0.7% of gross national
income (GNI) in development assistance.
In 2011 Denmark disbursed roughly DKK:15.753 billion
(US$2.98 billion) in development assistance to countries in
Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Denmark's
European Union neighbours.
In 2009, DANIDA worked in close association with the
Indian Government's Padmasree award winner,
K.Viswanathan, and the prestigious institution Mitraniketan.
Furthermore, DANIDA worksin collaboration with many
Danish NGOs such as Global MedicalAid

54. The aim of Denmark’s development
cooperation is to reduce poverty through the
promotion of human rights and economic
growth. It is focused on some of the poorest
countries in the world.
Four main priority areas:
Human rights and democracy
Green growth
Social progress
Stability and protection

56. The European Commission is the EU's executive
body and represents the interests of Europe as a
whole (as opposed to the interests of individual
countries).
The European Commission (EC) is
the executive body of the European
Union responsible for proposing
implementing decisions, upholding the Union's
treaties and day-to-day running of the EU

57. The Commission's main roles are to:
set objectives and priorities for action
propose legislation to Parliament and
Council
manage and implement EU policies and
the budget
enforce European Law (jointly with the Court
of Justice)
represent the EU outside Europe
(negotiating trade agreements between the
EU and other countries, etc.).
Regular and emergency meetings

59. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the
United Nations (UN).
Its purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting
international collaboration through education, science, and
culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule
of law, and human rights along with
fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations
Charter. It is the heir of the League of Nations'
International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.
UNESCO has 195 member states[and nine associate
members.
UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programs:
education, natural sciences, social and human sciences,
culture, and communication and information.

60. INTERNATIONAL DAYS OBSERVED AT UNESCO:
27 January: International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the
Holocaust
13 February: World Radio Day
21 February: International Mother Language Day
8 March: International Women's Day
21 March: International Day of Nowruz
21 March: World Poetry Day
21 March: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
22 March: World Day for Water
20 March: International Francophonie Day
23 April: World Book and Copyright Day
30 April : International Jazz Day
3 May: World Press Freedom Day
21 May: World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development
22 May: International Day for Biological Diversity
25 May: Africa Day / Africa Week
5 June: World Environment Day
8 June: World Oceans Day
9 August: International Day of the World's Indigenous People
12 August: International Y
outh Day

61. 23August: International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and itsAbolition
8 September: International LiteracyDay
15 September : International Day of Democracy
21 September: International Day of Peace
5 October : World T
eachers'Day
Second Wednesday in October: International Day for DisasterReduction
17 October: International Day for the Eradication ofPoverty
20 October: World StatisticsDay
27 October: World Day forAudiovisualHeritage
10 November: World Science Day for Peace andDevelopment
Third Thursday in November: World PhilosophyDay
16 November: International Day for Tolerance
19 November: International Men's Day
25 November: International Day for the Elimination of Violence againstWomen
29 November: International Day of Solidarity with the PalestinianPeople
1 December: WorldAIDSDay
10 December: Human Rights Day
18 December: International MigrantsDay

63. The Colombo Plan is a regional organization that
embodies the concept of collective inter-
governmental effort to strengthen economic and
social development of member countries in
the Asia-Pacific region. The primary focus of all
Colombo Plan activities is on human resources
development.
Purpose:
The Colombo Plan is not intended as an
integrated master plan to which national plans
were expected to conform. It is, instead, a
framework for bi-lateral arrangements
involvingforeign aid and technical assistance for
the economic and social development of the
region.

64. Objectives:
T
o promote interest in and support for the economic and
social development of Asia and the Pacific;
T
o promote technical cooperation and assist in the sharing
and transfer of technology among member countries;
T
o keep under review relevant information on technical
cooperation between the member governments,
multilateral and other agencies with a view to accelerating
development through cooperative effort;
Tofacilitate the transfer and sharing of the developmental
experiences among member countries within the region
with emphasis on the concept of South-South cooperation

65. Present members:
•The Colombo Plan currently has 27
members, including countries in the Asia-
Pacific region, non-Commonwealth countries
and countries belonging to regional
groupings such asASEAN (Association of
South-East Asian Nations)
and SAARC (South Asian Associationfor
Regional Cooperation)

66. National Agencies/ Voluntary Health
care Agencies
• Indian Red Cross
• Indian Council for Child Welfare
• Family Planning Association of India
• Tuberculosis of India
• Hindu Kusht Nivaran Sangh
• Central Social Welfare Board
• All India Women’s Conference
• Blind Association of India etc.

67. Indian Red Cross Society
⚫It was established in 1920 It has
400 branches in india Executing
programmes are,
• promotion of health,prevention of
disease and mitigation of suffering
among the people.

68. ⦿ Relief work
⦿ Milk and Medical supplies
⦿ Armed forces
⦿ Maternal and child welfare services
⦿ Family Planning
⦿ Blood Bank and FirstAid

69. ⦿ It was established in 1952
⦿ It is affiliated with the Internaional union for
Child Welfare
⦿ The services of I.C.C.W
. are devoted to
secure for India’s children those
“OPPORTUNITIES AND FACILITIES,BY LAWAND
OTHER MEANS” which are necessary to
enable them to develop
physically,mentally,morally,spiritually and
socially in a healthy and normal manner and
in conditions of freedom and dignity.

70. ⦿ It was formed in 1939.
⦿ It has branches in all the states in India
⦿ ACTIVITIESARE;
⦿ Organising a T
.B. seal campaign every
year to raise funds,training of doctors,health
visitors and social workers in anti T
.B
work,promotion of health
education,promotion of consultations and
conferences.

71. ⦿The New Delhi Tuberculosis Centre,the lady
Linlithgow Sanatorium at Kasauli
⦿ The King Edward VII sanatorium at
Dharampur
⦿ T
uberculosis Hospital at Mehrauli

72. ⦿ It was founded in 1950
⦿ Headquarters in New Delhi
⦿ Its precursor was the Indian Council of the
British Empire Leprosy Relief Association
which was dissolved in 1950

73. ⦿Rendering of financial assistance to various
leprosy homes and clinics,health education
thro’ publications and posters,training of
medical workers and
physiotherapists,conducting research and
field investigations
⦿Organising All-India Leprosy Workers
Conference and Publication of “LEPROSY
IN INDIA”, a quarterly journal.

74. ⦿It is a non-political and non-official
organization was formed in 1952.
⦿ PRIMARYAIMSARE;
Help people to achieve health by their
own actions and efforts
Improvement of sanitation in villages is
one of the important activities of the B.S.S.

75. ⦿ It is an autonomous organisation under the
general administrative control of the Ministry
of Education.
⦿ It was set up by the GOI in august 1953.
⦿ FUNCTIONSARE;
⦿ Surveying the needs and requirements of
voluntary welfare organizations in the
country
⦿Promoting and setting up of social welfare
organizations on a voluntary basis
⦿ Rendering of financial aid to deserving
existing organizations and institutions.

76. ⦿Teaching of craft,social education,literacy
classes,maternity aid for women,distribution
of milk,balwadis, and organisation of play
centres for children.
⦿ It also started a scheme of Industrial
cooperatives to help the lower-middle class
women I urban areas supplement their
income by doing paid work.

77. ⦿ It was created in commemoration of kasturba
gandhi,after her death in 1944.
⦿ The fund was raised with the main object of
Improving the lot of women,especially in the
villages,through gram-sevikas.

78. ⦿ It was formed in 1949,HQ in mumbai.
⦿ Propagating the family planning in india
⦿ These branches are running Fpclinics .
⦿It has trained several hundred doctors,health
visitors and social workers.

79. ⦿ It is the only women’s voluntary welfare
organisation in the country.
⦿ Established in 1926.
⦿ Most of the branches are running
M.C.H.clinics,medical centres,and adult
education centres,milk centres and family
planning clinics

80. ⦿ Established in 1946.
⦿ It organise eye relief camps and other
measures for the relief of the blind

81. ⦿The Indian Medical Association, All India
Licentiates Association, All India Dental
Association,TNA of India are all voluntary
agencies of men and women who are
qualified in their respective specialities and
possess registerable qualifications.

82. ⦿It has conduct annual conferences,publish
journals,arrange scientific sessions and
exhibitions,foster research,set up standards
of professional education and organise relief
camps during periods of natural calamities.

83. ROLE OF A NURSE IN HEALTH CARE SERVICES
• The contemporary nurse functions in the inter related role as follows
• CARE GIVER
•As a care giver, the nurse helps client to regain health through
• healing process.
• Nurse addresses the holistic health care needs of the client.
• She helps the client & families to set goals & meets those goals.
• She preserves the dignity of the client.
• She accepts a client as a person , not merely as mechanical beings.
• ETHICAL DECISION MAKER
•The nurse uses critical thinking skills throughout the nursing process to provide effective care.
• Nurse makes decision in collaboration with the client & the family.
• She also collaborates & consults with other health professionals.
• CLINICAL ADVOCATE
• PROTECTOR & ADVOCATE
•A nurse provides a safe conducive environment to the client.
• She takes steps to prevent injury to the clients.

84. CASE MANAGER
• She protects the client from every possible adverse effects of
treatment.
• She asks about any allergy to medicine or food.
• She provides immunization against disease.
•She protects client’s human & legal rights & provides assistance in
asserting those rights if the need arises.
• She advocated the client by keeping in mind the client’s religion &
culture.
•Nurse defends the clients right in general way by speaking out
against policies that might endanger their well being.
MANAGER
•As a manager, nurse coordinates the activities of other health team
members.
•She manages the nursing care of not only one client but also of
families & in communities.
•She delegates the nursing activities to auxiliary workers & other
nurses.

85. REHABILITATOR
•Rehabilitation is a process by which individuals return to maximal levels of
functioning after illness, accidents or other health events.
•Nurse helps the clients to adapt as fully possible who experiences physical or
emotional impairment that change their lives.
COMFORTOR
•The role of a comforter is a traditional & historical one in nursing & has
continued to be important as a nurses have assumed new roles.
• As a comforter, nurse provides comforts to the client by
considering him as an individual with unique feelings & needs.
• She motivates clients to reach therapeutic goals.
• She promotes comfort to the client by staying near the patient
COMMUNICATOR
•Nursing involves communication with clients & families, other nurses, health care
team members, resource persons & the community
•As a communicator, nurse provides information to other team members about the
palled & unplanned nursing care.
• She conveys information verbally at change of shift.
• She reports while shifting the client from one unit to the other.

86. TEACHER
•Teaching refers to the activities by which the teacher helps the
learner to learn a teacher.
• She determines that the client has fully understood.
• She also evaluates client’s progress in learning.
• She incorporates other resources such as family ,in teaching plans.
•Nurse gives health education on diet, about preventive measures of
disease.
LEADER
• As a leader, she influences the client to make decisions regarding
health.
•Nursing leadership is defined as a mutual process of interpersonal
influence through which nurse helps client in making decisions for
establishing & achieving the goals to improve the clients well being.

87. COUNSELLOR
• Nurse helps the client to recognize & cope with stressful,
psychological or social problems.
•She assists the clients for developing good inter personal relationship.
•Nurse counsels primary healthy individuals with normal adjustment difficulties.
Nurse helps the person to develop new attitudes, feeling & behavoirs.
RESEARCHER
•Nurse investigates problems in order to improve nursing care & expand the
scope of nursing practice.
• She does many qualitative & quantitative researches.
•Based upon these findings, they practice nursing care in hospital as well as in
the community setting.

88. Thank You