Biomedical waste are potential hazardous material consisting of liquid, solid, sharpen and laboratory related materials. To reduce the damage to the healthcare personnel, patients and community it is very my important to collect the waste and segregate as the Govt. protocols, storage to particular area, transportation and proper disposal.

1. BIOMEDICAL WASTE &
INFECTION CONTROL

2. Brought to you by
Abiyad Ahmed
BSc Critical Care
ACLS, FIMHRC

3. Table of Contents
01
Definition &
Introduction
03
Disposal & Treatment
Proper disposal of
medical waste,
treatment guideline acc.
to WHO
02
Catergories
Types & Categories of
Biomedical acc. to. WHO
04
Infection & Conclusion
Infection control in ICU,
OT and Conclusion of
the chapter
Introduction

4. Biomedical Waste
01
The waste collected from different healthcare institutes.

5. ● Biomedical waste is called that kind of waste produced from the hospitals,
nursing homes, pathological laboratories, medical research institutes etc.
● Biomedical waste contains both infectious and non infectious materials.
● Biomedical waste generated from biological and medical sources activities
such as diagnosis, prevention, treatment etc.
Introduction to Biomedical Waste

6. ● Infectious Waste – Suspected materials to containing pathogens i.e. swab, excreta, isolation wards
etc.
● Pathological Waste – Pathologic materials i.e. human anatomical parts, fluids etc.
● Pharmaceuticals Waste – Containing pharmaceuticals i.e. discarded medicines, expired medicines,
bottles, etc.
● Genotoxic Waste – Containing Genotoxic materials, i.e. cytostatic drugs used in cancer therapy,
Genotoxic chemicals etc.
● Chemical Waste – Containing chemicals, i.e. laboratory reagents, disinfectants etc.
● Radioactive Waste – Containing radioactive substances, i.e. liquid used in radiological laboratory,
unsealed radionucleides, contaminated glassware etc.
Classification

7. General Waste
Patholocal & Infectious Waste
Chemical & Pharmacutical Waste
Sharp Waste
Special Waste
Hospital Waste Statistics
80%
1%
3%
15%
1%

8. Sources of BMW
1. Government hospitals
2. Private hospitals
3. Clinics
4. Primary health centers
5. Medical research & training institutes
6. Blood banks
7. Mortuaries
8. Laboratories
9. Vaccination centers
10. Biotechnological institutes

9. Categorisation & BMW Rule, 2016
02
According to the BMW Rule, March 28, 2016, MoEFCC under Environment
Protection Act, 1986
Later on the BMWM (Amendment) 2018 has been revised.

10.  Expanded to include vaccination camps, blood donation
camps, surgical camps, or any other healthcare activities.
 Phase out chlorinated plastic bags, gloves etc. within 2 years.
 Pre treatment of laboratory waste, microbiological waste,
blood samples, blood bags etc. through disinfection or
sterilization.
 Provide proper education as well as training to all healthcare
professionals, BMW transportation staffs and workers, AND
to immunize them regularly.
 Establishment of BAR code system.
 Make available of annual report.
 Waste are categorized under 4 groups, instead of 10 groups.
Key Features of BMWM Rule, 2016
Source: Annual Report, JIPMER, Tamilnadu

11. BMWM Rule, 1998
Category No. 1
Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2
Animal Waste
Category No. 3
Microbiology &
Biotechnological
Waste
Category No. 4
Waste Sharps
Category No. 5
Discarded medicines &
Cytotoxic drugs
Category No. 6
Solid Waste containing
blood and fluids
including cotton,
dressings, linen,
bedding and other
materials
contaminated with
blood
Category No. 7
Solid Waste generated from
disposable items
Category No. 8
Liquid waste
Incineration ash
Category No. 9
Category No. 10
Chemicals used in
production of
biological
disinfections,
sterilization etc..

12. BMWM Rule, 2016
YELLOW BAG
• Anatomical waste
• Animal Waste
• Microbiological waste
• Solid Waste
• Contaminated linen
• Bedding, Mattress
• Chemical Waste
• Blood bags
• Discarded Medicines
• Cytotoxic drug

13. BMWM Rule, 2016
RED BAG
• Recyclable materials
• All plastic containing
materials

14. BMWM Rule, 2016
BLUE BAG
• Glasswares
• Metalic body implants

15. BMWM Rule, 2016
WHITE BAG
• Sharps Waste
• Metal Sharp Waste

16. Disposal, Treatment &
Segregation
03

17. Tabulated Structure of treatment
Bag Code/ Category Container on Disposed Treatment & Segregation
Yellow Yellow non-chlorinated
plastic bags, yellow
colour containers,
chlorinated bags,
autoclavable safe
plastic bag/containers
• Incineration, deep burial,
Incineration of cytotoxic drugs
>1200˚C
• Non chlorinated chemicals
disinfection followed by
incineration/plasma pyrolysis
Source: NACO/WHO Guideline
(Blue book 2014)

18. Tabulated Structure of treatment
Bag Code/ Category Container on Disposed Treatment & Segregation
Red Red colour non
chlorinated plastic
bags.
Infectious plastic waste
• Autoclaving/Microwaving/
• Hydroclaving/Sterilization
• It should not be sent to
landfills sites.

19. Tabulated Structure of treatment
Bag Code/ Category Container on Disposed Treatment & Segregation
White Needles, Syringe,
Burner, Scalples,
Blades, contaminated
sharps
• Autoclave
• Dry heat sterilization
• Mutilation
• Encapsulation in metal
container or cement concerte

20. Tabulated Structure of treatment
Bag Code/ Category Container on Disposed Treatment & Segregation
Blue Puncture/leak proof
container
• Disinfection (Sodium
hypochlorite and detergent)
• Autoclave
• Hydroclave
• Microwaving

21. Hospital Aquired
Infections
04

22. Nosocomial Infection
Nosocomial infections are considered as
that infections which are acquired in
hospital settings. Nosocomial infection
may acquired by a patient

23. Factors
Immunity
01 02
Hospital environment
05
Transfusion
BBI
04
Diagnostic & Therapeutic
interventions
UTI
03
Hospital organisms
Multi drug resistant
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Psuedomonas aeruginosa
• Enterobactor species
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Escheria coli
• Myobacterium tuberculosis
• Candida albicans

24. Source
● ICU Floor
● Blood
● Urinary catheters
● Medical equipment
● Biomedical waste
● Cross Infections

25. Infection Control in ICU
 Hand hygiene
 PPE
 Proper disposal of waste
 Disinfectant all devices
 Surface cleaning
 Autoclave daily
 Standard Precaution, WHO

26. Prevention
Standard Precautions
Personal Protection
Equipment
Hand Hygiene

27. Afterall BMW Segregation Can be
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Recovery
Disposal

28. Conclusions
End of the conclusion we understand
that no consideration shlould be
entertained in Biomedical waste
collection, , transportation, treatment
and segregation i.e. management as
one of the most important aspects in
the field of healthcare settings.
Prevention will be very dificult if we
don’t pay our attention.

29. Further Reading
● Park’s Textbook of Preventive & Social Medicine, 22/e, K.Park
● Essentials of Medical Microbiology, 2/e, A.S.Shastry & S.Bhat K
● https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jestft/papers/vol10-issue5/Version-
2/K1005026467.pdf
● HEALTH-CARE WASTE MANAGEMENT International Journal Of
Scientific Research And Review
DOI:16.10089.IJSRR.2019.V8I2.287391.3207
● International Journal for Community Medicine & Public Health -
https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/view/604

30. Special Thanks
Sw. Shaktipradananda
Doctor-in-charge,
Coordinator (BSc CCT, OTT)
Ramakrishna Mission Seva
Pratisthan, Kolkata
Mr. Prabir Banerjee
Departmental in-charge
BSc CCT & OTT
Vivekananda Institute
of Medical Sciences,
Kolkata
Dr. D Menon
Clinical Microbiologist
Ramakrishna Mission
Seva Pratisthan, Kolkata

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