JBP-1, Lesson 13, Giving and Receiving Grammar Note

1. Lesson 13
Lesson Recap

2. 1. Reviewing the giving and Receiving
Japanese people like gifts
One thing about Japanese culture is that they're big on giving gifts. There are many
different customs involving giving and receiving gifts (お歳暮、お中元、etc.) and when
Japanese people go traveling, you can be sure that they're going to be picking up
souvenirs to take back as gifts. Even when attending marriages or funerals, people
are expected to give a certain amount of money as a gift to help fund the ceremony.
You can see why properly learning how to express the giving and receiving of favors
and items is a very important and useful skill. For some reason, the proper use of
「あげます」 and 「もらいます」 has always haunted people studying Japanese as
being horribly complex and intractable. I hope to prove in this lesson that it s
conceptually quite straightforward and simple.
oseibo ochuugen
agemasu moraimasu

3. ex. スミスさんは チャンさんに はなを あげました。
person(giver) は に Object を
sumisu san wa chan-san ni hana o agemashita
wa ni o
When to use あげます
あげます is the Japanese word for "to give". You must use this verb when
someone (as the giver) is giving something (as the object) to someone (as the
receiver). The particle に is used to indicate to whom an object is delivered. Also
when the subject of a sentence is the giver あげます is used.
agemasu
person(receiver) あげます。
agemasu
ni
agemasu
Mr. Smith gave Ms. Chan some flower.
＊The verb あげます conjugates to the past form as あげました.
＊
agemasu agemashita
に

4. ex. チャンさん は スミスさんに はなを もらいました。
person(receiver) は に Object を
chan-san wa sumisu-san ni hana o moraimashita
wa ni o
When to use もらいます
もらいます is the Japanese word for "to receive". You must use this verb when
someone (as the receiver) is receiving something (as the object) from
someone (as the giver). The particle に is used to indicate from whom an object
is delivered. Also when the subject of a sentence is the receiver もらいます is
used.
moraimasu
person(giver) もらいます。
moraimasu
ni
Ms. Chan received some flower from Mr. Smith.
＊The verb もらいます conjugates to the past form as もらいました.
＊
agemasu agemashita
に
moraimasu

5. • Asking whom, you should use the question word
だれ(dare) = who with a particle に(ni) .
Exercise 3
B) Ask and answer whom someone received something
from.
ex. A：スミスさんは だれに えいがの きっぷを もらいましたか。
B：チャンさんに もらいました。
Subject(person) は だれ に Object を か。
sumisu san wa dare ni eiga no kippu o
moraimashitaka
chan san ni moraimashita
wa dare ni o ka
Verb (past)

6. • Asking what, you should use the question word
なに(dare) = what with a particle を(o) .
Exercise 3
C) Ask and answer what someone gave to another.
ex. A：スミスさんは チャンさんに なにを あげましたか。
B：えいがの きっぷを あげました。
Subject(person) は に なに を Verb (past) か。
sumisu san wa chansan ni nani o agemashitaka
eiga no kippu o agemashita
wa ni o kanani
another person

7. • You should place a time expression right after
the subject of the sentence with a particle に(ni) .
Exercise 4.
What you learn here in this exercise is adding a time expression as an event or an
occasion in sentences, such as Christmas, Valentine s Day, and birthdays.
ex. ：すずきさんは クリスマスに チャンさんに でんしじしょを
あげました。
：チャンさんは クリスマスに すずきさんに でんしじしょを
もらいました。
Subject(person) は に
Verb (past)
suzuki san wa kurisumasu ni chan san ni denshijisho o
wa ni
time expression
You have to make up sentences or dialogues following the patterns of the examples
and based on the information in the illustration.
に
ni
another person Object を
o
。
agemashitaka
chan san wa kurisumasu ni suzuki san ni denshijisho o
moraimashitaka

8. • Asking when, you should use the question word
いつ(itsu) = when without any particle.
Exercise 4
D) Ask and answer when someone gave something to
another.
Subject(person) は
wa
いつ
に
ni
another person Object Verb (past) か。
ka
を
o
ex. ：すずきさんは いつ チャンさんに でんしじしょを あげましたか。
suzuki san wa itsu chan san ni denshijisho o agemashitaka
Please follow appropriate rules with question words nani and dare for the rest of
questions in the exercise.

9. あげます・もらいます の れんしゅう（１）
a g e m a s u m o r a i m a s u n o r e n s h u u
例（れい/rei）
・ささきさんは たかはしさんに プレゼントを あげます。
!
・たかはしさんは ささきさんに プレゼントを もらいます。
s a s a k i s a n w a t a k a h a s h i s a n n i p u r e z e n t o o a g e m a s u
t a k a h a s h i s a n w a s a s a k i s a n n i p u r e z e n t o o m o r a i m a s u
たかはしさん
ささきさん
ささきさん たかはしさん ささきさん
ささきさん
たかはしさん たかはしさん
たかはしさん たかはしさん たかはしさん
Note : a person who gives a hand is the giver
Sasaki-san gives a present to Takahashi-san.
Takahashi-san receives a present from Sasaki-san.
Make あげます／もらいます sentences. The name for each picture should be the subject of the sentence.

10. （ルームメート）
r ū m u m ē t o
あげます・もらいます の れんしゅう（2）
a g e m a s u m o r a i m a s u n o r e n s h u u
: （わたしは）ちちに ウイスキーを あげます。
w a t a s h i w a c h i c h i n i u i s u k ī o a g e m a s u
You have just come back from a trip. Look at the picture and tell what you will
give to the following people.
Ex.
Ex.

11. （ビデオカメラ）
bideo kamera
あげます・もらいます の れんしゅう（3）
a g e m a s u m o r a i m a s u n o r e n s h u u
: （わたしは）かのじょに マフラーを もらいました。
w a t a s h i w a k a n o j o n i m a f u r ā o m o r a i m a s h i t a
Look at the picture and make sentences using もらいました.
m o r a i m a s h i t a
Ex.
Ex.
（りょうしん）
ryou shin

12. 「あげます」「もらいます」「くれます」の れんしゅう（４）
Describe who gave what to whom using あげます, もらいます, and くれます.
Ex. : きょうこさんは ビルさんに セーターを あげました。
agemasu moraimasu kuremasu no renshuu
kyoko san wa biru san ni seetaa o age mashita
Biru
Kyoko Mearii
Takeshi
Suu
RobaatoNaomi
Ken
watashi