2. Introduction
• Occur worldwide with high prevalence in
tropical and subtropical countries
• Often related to epilepsy
• Predisposing factors: poverty, illiteracy,
deprivation, malnutrition, persistence of insect
and other vectors which thrive in humid
climates, immunocompromised
8. Indirect Effect
• Diphyllobothrium latum (neuropathy due to
vitamin B12 deficiency)
• Ascarislumbricoides (neuropsychiatric
manifestations in children)
• Toxocara spp. (behavioural, sleep, and cognitive
difficulties especially in children)
• Hookworms (cognitive impairment)
• Infantilism due to hypothalamo-pituitary
affection in Schistosoma and Onchocerca
11. Complimentary Diagnostic Test
• Blood film: lymphatic and tissue filariae.
• Blood count may reveal eosinophilia.
• Sputum examination: eggs of Paragonimus and
larvae of Strongyloides.
• Stool examination: eggs of schistosomes,Fasciola,
and intestinal flukes; and larvae of Strongyloides.
• Urine examination: eggs of Schistosoma
haematobium.
• Biochemical tests: increased muscle enzymes
(Trichinella), electrolyte profile, and liver and renal
function tests
13. Summary
• Occur worldwide with high prevalence in
tropical and subtropical countries
• Diagnosis: collaboration of neurologist,
neurosurgeon, radiologist, and, the clinical
parasitologist.
• Various Clinical spectrums
• Eosynophilic pleocytosis in Blood and CSF