Afaf Mohammed

3d printing virtual planning virtual reality digital orthodontics cad cam social media influence clear aligner therapy biomimetics nanotechnology robotics in orthodontics artificial intelligence technology in orthodontics recent advancements in ortho recent advances in orthodontic advancements recent publications research trends orthodontic burstone nanda burstone geometry step bends v principles one couple two couple statically determinate equilibrium principle equivalent force system newton's laws moment to force ratio biomechanics m/f tooth movement physical principles dentofacial orthopaedics orthopaedic treatment orthopaedic appliance visual treatment objective vto functional applinaces frankle bionator graber rakosi petrovic functional applinace activator orthodontics