3. Precision Agriculture
Precision agriculture (PA) is an approach to farm management that uses
information technology (IT) to ensure that the crops and soil receive exactly
what they need for optimum health and productivity.
4. Precision Agriculture Technology
Technologies used for Precision
Agriculture are called Precision
Agriculture Technologies.
Technologies used to ensure that the
crops and soil receive exactly what
they need for optimum health of crop
and crop production, these
technologies are called Precision
Agriculture technologies.
5. Precision Agriculture Technologies
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
Meteorological Stations
Remote Sensing
Digital Elevation Models (DEM)
High Resolution Soil Surveys
Relational Databases
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
6. Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
It provides satellite-based geo-referenced for mapping field environmental
variability.
It is a space-based radio-navigation system
It is owned by the United States government and operated by the United States
Air Force.
7. Function of GPS:
It is a global navigation satellite system that provides geo-location and time
information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near the Earth
9. Purpose of Using GPS in Agriculture:
Farm planning
Field mapping
Soil sampling
Tractor guidance
Crop scouting
Variable rate applications
Yield mapping
10. Meteorological Stations
It monitors climatic factors
important for crop growth
and crop ripening like
temperature, precipitation,
humidity, and wind.
12. Working of Weather Station
Thermometer for measuring air and field surface temperature.
Barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure
Hygrometer for measuring humidity
Anemometer for measuring wind speed
Pyranometer for measuring solar radiation
Rain gauge for measuring liquid precipitation over a set period of time.
13. Remote Sensing:
Satellite and airborne platforms provides images shows crop conditions, e.g.
Crop productivity plant height etc.
Component of Remote Sensing:
Satellite
Airborne platforms
Sensor
14. Working of Remote Sensing:
Remote sensors collect data by
detecting the energy that is
reflected from Earth.
These sensors can be on lites or
mounted on aircraft.
Remote sensing is the collection of
information about an object or
phenomenon without making
physical touch.
15. Type of Remote Sensing:
Passive Remote Sensing:
Passive sensors respond to external stimuli.
They record natural energy that is reflected or
emitted from the Earth's surface.
Active Remote Sensing:
External Stimuli is absent in active remote
sensing.
High resolution sensing can be used to measure
attributes of individual tree crowns composing
the forest canopy.
16. Digital Elevation Models (DEM):
A digital elevation model (DEM) is a digital model or 3D representation of a
land surface
It is commonly used for a planet including Earth, moon, or asteroid 3D
pictures.
17. Role of Digital Elevation Models in PA.
In precision agriculture it provides detailed topographic
information of field.
It can be used to help the implementation of the
applications of precision conservation management
practices.
DEM-based topography to identify runoff-contributing
areas and calculate slopes for use in field-runoff and
buffer-filtration models.
18. Methods for obtaining elevation data
used to create DEMs:
Range imaging
Surveying and mapping drones
Topographic maps
Stereo photogrammetry from
aerial surveys
19. High Resolution Soil Surveys:
Assist decision makers to make classical field surveys including soil sampling and
laboratory analyses.
Spectral bands of satellite images used.
20. Uses of High Resolution Soil Surveys
in PAT.
In precision Agriculture it provides detailed information about soil fertility
and hydrologic characteristics.
Digital soil maps (DSMs) use traditional soil survey information and can be the
basis for PA subfield delineation (e.g., management zones). However, public
soil survey maps provide only general descriptions of soil-landscape features
21. Relational Databases
It organizes environmental and economic information in precision
agriculture.
A relational database stores data in tables.
Tables are organized into columns, and each column
stores one type of data (integer, real number, character strings, date, …)
22. Uses of Relation Database in PA
The core line of the approach is capturing of explicit knowledge relevant to
given business activities into multidimensional databases.
Provide data of relevant knowledge and provide them on-demand is very up
to date.
23. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
It provides digital tools for map-based analysis in Precision Agriculture.
A GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly
understood and easily shared.
24. Role of GIS in PA
GIS application in agriculture such as
Agricultural mapping plays a vital role in
• monitoring
• management
of soil and irrigation of any given farm land.
25. Four Stage process of Precision
Agriculture
Data Collection
Variables
Strategies
Implementing practices