Presentation during Botswana National Forum on Open Data Open Science.

1. LANDSCAPE OF OPEN ACCESS,OPEN DATA
& OPEN SCIENCE AND REPOSITORIES IN
BOTSWANA
Naniki Maphakwane
Director ,Library Botswana College of Distance and Open Learning
Coordinator Botswana Library Consortium
Open Data Open Science Workshop, Gaborone
31st-30th October 2017,
Gaborone, University of Botswana.

3. THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION(EC)
• Developments in the field of Open Data(OD).
• Of more recent EC has expanded the concept
of openness to Open Science(OS)
• To transform science by making research more
open, global, collaborative, creative and closer
to society.

4. DEFINATION OF KEY TERMS
• Generally refers to the outputs of research such as journal articles, as distinct
from research data, which are produced as part of research process. Free
availability and full reuse of research articles.
• Open Access literature is digital, online,free of charge and free from most
copyright and licensing restrictions( Suber ,P. Open Access .MI Press 2012.
OPEN
ACCESS
• Research data produced during the process of research that can be
freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone subject at most to the
requirement to attribute and share alike.
OPEN DATA
• Is the contact of science in such a way that others can collaborate and
contribute, where research notes and other research process are freely
available, with license terms that allow re-user distribution, and reproduction of
the experimental methodology, observation, and collection of data ; public
availability, accessibility, re-usability of scientific data and use of web based tools
to facilitate scientific collaboration
OPEN
SCIENCE

5. WHAT IS OPEN ACCESS(OA)
• A movement within the scholarly community to
provide unrestricted access to scholarly research
publications.
• OA literature is digital, online, free of charge and
free from most copyright and licensing
restrictions( Suber ,P. Open Access. MI Press 2012
• OA materials include: scholarly articles and
books, book chapters, conference proceedings,
thesis and dissertations, and datasets.

6. WHY OPEN ACCESS
New knowledge arises through the study of
existing works, exchange of ideas, the linking
of ideas ad networking with other disciplines
Any restrictions to academic information
hinders the process of obtaining new insights

7. BENIFTS OF OEN ACCESS
• OA for researchers
enhanced visibility, usage ad impact for their
work globally
Increased collaboration and research partners
New contacts and research partnerships

8. BENIFTS OF OPEN ACCESS
• OA for Publishers
increased readership and citations
increased visibility and impact
Serves as dissemination service for research

9. BENIFTS OF OPEN ACCESS
• OA for research institutes
Complete record of research output in easily
accessible form
New tools to manage institution’s impact.
Publishers institutions research strength
For Universities it increases the visibility of
their researchers and their research, reduces
their expenditure on journals, and advances
their mission to share knowledge.

10. BENIFTS OF OPEN ACCESS
• OA for Libraries
Addresses the problem of the steeply costs of
journal subscriptions.
OA For public
OA provides taxpayers with free access to the
results of research they have helped funded.
OA promotes democracy in access to research
information

11. SOME OPEN ACCESS INNITIATIVES
BOTSWANA
• Botswana through Botswana Library Consortium(BLC) &
University of Botswana(UB) has become active in
promotion of Open Access.
• 2010 BLC hosted the 1st OA Advocacy workshop. The
workshop was funded by EIFL and Carnegie Foundation
• Target population was: Researchers, research institutes,
librarians and ICT officers, policy makers, journal editors
and publishers.
• 2011 OA workshop ,further training on OA concepts, policy
environment and hands on Dspace platform to help the
libraries start repositories.
• 2011 Celebration of Open Access Week and 1st Open
Access Conference

12. SOME OPEN ACCESS INNITIATIVES
BOTSWANA
• 2012, 2013 & 2014 OA Conferences.
• 2013 Stakeholder Breakfast meeting
• Target population : Researchers, research institutes,
librarians, ICT officers, policy makers, government official,
journal editors and publishers. The objective of the
conference was to share experiences
• 2015 Botswana Open Access Policy Project funded by
Electronic Information for Libraries (EIFL)
- BLC engaged over 12 government department including
Parastals on OA.

13. SOME OPEN ACCESS INNITIATIVES IN
BOTSWANA CONTI…..
- Workshops : OA policy formulation, OA online
journal publishing, Institutional Repository
management and Repository administration
- Total of 38 people were trained representing 18
institutions
- 2016 Botswana OA Project distracted by national
activities for independence
• 2017 BLC found other players and now
consolidation of efforts to achieve same
objective.

14. OA REPOSITOIES IN BOTSWANA
Number of repositories : 4
University of Botswana :UBRISA
Botho University
Botswana College of Distance and Open Learning
Botswana University of (though facing some
technical challenges)
Repositories registered with Open DOAR: 2
- UBRISA & Botho University Repository
Open Access repository policies: 2

15. WHAT IS OPEN SCIENCE?
Other outputsResearch dataOpen access to
publications

16. OPEN ACCES,OPEN SCIENCE & OPEN
DATA
Open Access movement has gained
momentum and has expanded the concept of
openness to Open Science(OS).
Making science more global, collaborative,
creative ad closer to the community
Enabled by new technologies OS aims to
transform science by making research more
open, global, collaborative & creative .

17. OPEN SCIENCE OPENNESS
Sharing and access to all types of research
outputs
Transparency of research findings
Open peer review and open citations
Equitable flow of knowledge

18. OPENNESS IN OPEN SCIENCE
Sharing and access to all types of research
outputs
Transparency of research findings
Open peer review and open citations
Equitable flow of knowledge

19. OPENNESS IN OPEN SCIENCE
Open science is about:
The way research is carried
The way it is dissemination
The way it is deployed and transformed and by
digital l tools, networks and media
Relies heavily on technological innovation
Paradigm shift in culture of collaboration and
openness in research of and Sharing and
access to all types of research outputs

20. OPENNES IN OPEN SCIENCE RESEARCH
LIFECYCLE
• Open notebooks –an emerging practice,
documenting and sharing the experimental
process
• Open data-managing research data in such a way
that optimises access, discoverability, and sharing
for use and re-use.
• Open research software -documenting research
code and routines, making them freely accessible
and available for collaboration
• Open access-making all published outputs freely
accessible for maximum use and impact.

21. It’s part of good research practice

22. OPENNES IN OPEN SCIENCE RESEARCH
LIFECYCLE
• To achieve the openness in open science each
process in the lifecycle of research should:
Be –reusable
Be publicly available.
Motivate collaboration between researchers
Be transparent and have appropriate
metadata

23. RESERACH DATA MANAGEMENT(RDM)
LANDSCAPE
• RDM: organisation of data, from its entry to
the research cycle through to dissemination
and archiving of valuable results.
• RDM relies heavily on the collaborative and
coordinated work of many engaged partners.
• Establishing the various stakeholders involved
in RDM activities helps to identify where
librarians and libraries are placed to facilitate
and coordinate RDM development.

24. RESERACH DATA MANAGEMENT(RDM)
STAKEHOLDERS
• Four main categories:
University Leadership
Researchers
Research Support Units
Government & funders

25. RESERACH DATA MANAGEMENT(RDM)
IN BOTSWANA
University of Botswana Office of Research and
Development(ORD):
Has implemented a Research Management
System(RMS)
It is used to monitor research activities from
proposal to submission of completed papers.
Other universities still have to put in place
their RMS.

27. CONCLUSIONS: CHALLENGES &
OPPORTUNITIES
National Open Access, Open Data Open
Science Framework for Botswana
Open Access Policies in Universities, Research
Centres,etc
Technical and semantic standards: adopt
common metadata standards, elements of
vocabularies, incorporate ORCID IDs into
repositories, DOIs (Datasets)

28. CONCLUSION: CHALLENGES &
OPPORTUNITIES conti.....
Improved Information Technology
Infrastructure and access
Capacity building and re-skilling for data
stewards, data scientist and other
stakeholders.

29. THANK YOU

30. References
References:
1.Kahn,M & etal...(2014) Research Management in South Africa.
Avaialable at Htt://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048623.2014.951910
2.Cheung,Melissa Open Access,Open Dat,Open Science
Available at http:/www.cdnsciencepub.com/blog/ope-access-open-data-open-science-aspx
3.UNESCO. ( 2017) Botswana
available at http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/portals-and-platforms
4. Moahi,K(2009) Institutional Repositories:towards harnessing knowledge for African development. First International
Conference on African Digital Libraries and Archives.(ICADLA-1,Addis AbbaaEthopia,1st -3rd July 2009.
5. Joint Minds(2016) Participating in Global Open Access/Open Data Space: Towards a Botswana Data Forum and Strategy a
Position paper.
6.Kuchma,Iryna Lanscape of open access/open data and repositories. EIFL.
7. David Ball Consulting(2015) Open Science,Open Data,Open Access.. A Ukeig White Paper. UkeiG,United Kingdom
8.Cox A.M ,Pinfield S. (2014) Research data management and libraries: current activities and future priorities Journal of
Librarianship and Science 2014,Vol. 46(4) 299-316
9. Flores,J R .....etal .Libraries and research data management lanscape.The Process of Discovery: The CLIR Postdoctoral Fellowship
program and the future of Academy.