Water distribution system project using water CAD , Muhannad alghraibeh , Mohanad al ghriybeh

1. HYDRAULIC MACHINE
project on
Water distribution system

2. INTRODUCTION

3. WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• The basic function of a water distribution system is to transport the
water from the Main reservoir to the customer
• Methods of water distribution :
- Gravity distribution
- Pumping system
- combined gravity and pumping system

4. GRAVITY DISTRIBUTION
• Suitable when source of supply is at sufficient height.
• Most reliable and economical distribution system.
• The water head available at the consumer is just minimum
required.
• The remaining head is consumed in the frictional and other losses.

6. PUMPING SYSTEM
• water is directly pumped in to the distribution main with out storing.
• called pumping without storage system.
• High lifts pumps are required.
• If power supply fails, complete stoppage of water supply.
• This method is not generally used.

8. COMBINED GRAVITY AND PUMPING
SYSTEM
• Most common system.
• Treated water is pumped and stored in an elevated distribution reservoir.
• Then supplies to consumer by action of gravity.
• The excess water during low demand periods get stored in reservoir and
get supplied during high demand period.
• Economical, efficient and reliable system.

10. PUMPS
• The pump is mechanical device which carry liquid from one place
to another place. It can be defined as a hydraulic machines which
converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.
• The pump is power absorbing machines.
• Pumping means addition of energy to a liquid to move it from one
place to the another.

11. CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
• The pump can be classified according to principle by which the
energy added to the fluid and their design as follows:

12. SELECTING BETWEEN
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AND POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
• Centrifugal Pumps (Rotor-dynamic pumps) The centrifugal or rotor-
dynamic pump produce a head and a flow by increasing the
velocity of the liquid through the machine with the help of a rotating
vane impeller. Centrifugal pumps include radial, axial and mixed
flow units.
• Positive Displacement Pumps The positive displacement pump
operates by alternating of filling a cavity and then displacing a
given volume of liquid. The positive displacement pump delivers a
constant volume of liquid for each cycle against varying discharge
pressure or head

13. FLOW RATE AND PRESSURE HEAD
• The two types of pumps behave very differently regarding pressure
head and flow rate :
- The Centrifugal Pump has varying flow depending on the system
pressure or head
- The Positive Displacement Pump has more or less a constant flow
regardless of the system pressure or head. Positive Displacement
pumps generally gives more pressure than Centrifugal Pump's.

14. CAPACITY AND VISCOSITY
• Another major difference between the pump types is the effect of
viscosity on the capacity:
- In the Centrifugal Pump the flow is reduced when the viscosity is
increased
- In the Positive Displacement Pump the flow is increased when
viscosity is increased

15. MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY
• The pumps behaves different considering mechanical efficiency as
well :
- changing the system pressure or head has little or no effect on the
flow rate in the Positive Displacement Pump
- Changing the system pressure or head has a dramatic effect on the
flow rate in the Centrifugal Pump

16. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN SERIES
AND PARALLEL
• Putting your centrifugal pumps in series will let you add the head
from each together and meet your high head, low flow system
requirements

17. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN SERIES
AND PARALLEL
• Putting your pumps in parallel will help you reach a low head, high
flow operating point that a single pump cannot supply .

18. BERNOULLI EQUATION
• In the above equation, P is pressure, which can be either absolute
or gage, but should be in the same basis on both sides, ρ
represents the density of the fluid, assumed constant, V is the
velocity of the fluid at the inlet/outlet, and h is the elevation about a
datum that is specified.

19. CONTINUITY EQUATION
• apply the principle of mass conservation. Since there is no flow
through the side walls of the duct, what mass comes in over A1
goes out of A2, (the flow is steady so that there is no mass
accumulation). Over a short time interval t,

20. HEAD LOSS
• Pipe loss
• In the analysis of piping systems, pressure losses
expressed in terms of the equivalent fluid
head loss hL.
• It also represents the additional height that the
raised by a pump in order to overcome the
pipe

21. HEAD LOSS
• fittings loss
Fittings such as elbows, tees, valves and reducers
significant component of the pressure loss in
This is the calculation of pressure losses through
some minor equipment using the K-value
the Resistance Coefficient, Velocity Head, Excess
method
Formula for Calculating Head Loss from K Values
DATE

22. PROJECT

23. • The main object of the project , is to make a theoretical study of
delivering the water , from a river to a small village using pump ,
and then store this water into a reservoir and after that make a
distribution system of water for the village
• In order to make a distribution for water , we should consider the
high of the village from the river , how many houses are in the
village and how long it's far from the main reservoir to each house
to determine the pipes length required to deliver the water.
And so find the related calculation of hydraulic machines .
DATE

24. • Find out the height of the village as 200 m.
• water pumping to the reservoir will be by using centrifugal pump .
• water filter will be install on the top of the suction pipe.
• for water distribution inside the village we will use a simple centrifugal
pump .
• the results of the hydraulic values will obtain by using water cad program .

25. THE GENERAL SITUATION OF THE
VILLAGE
• The village consist of 6 houses and its above the river by 200 m ,
all the required information are shown in the figure

26. WATER DEMAND
• The daily water demand per capita is 60 lit/day ; every house
contain 5 persons so the demand for single house will be 60 x 5 =
300 lit/day ; so the village contains 6 houses and the overall
demand will be 1800 lit/day ; and by taking the water demand
factor as ( 10 ) the final water demand will be 18,000 lit/day .

27. FIRST STAGE
• First stage is to pump the water from the river to the tank ; the tank
elevation from the river level 200 m .
• The required length of the pipe is 285 m .

28. • By using water cad program with these input :
• Total Length of the pipe L = 285 m
• Pipe diameter D = 10.16 cm
• Discharge Q = 5 L/s
• Pipe material PVC with design coefficient C = 150

29. USING MULTI STAGE PUMP

30. FILTERS
• Eaton suction filters protect hydraulic pumps and control systems
from solid contaminants. They should be used as immersion
suction filters on pump inlet lines. These units have various
application possibilities: as in-tank filters mounted directly to the
reservoir, in the intake lines of hydraulic pumps to afford a degree
of protection from contaminants to the pump and other
components in the hydraulic system.
DATE

31. SECOND STAGE
• Second stage is to pump the water from the tank and distribute it
to the houses

32. BY USING WATER CAD PROGRAM WE OBTAIN
THESE RESULTS :

33. REFERENCES
1. F.M. White, Fluid Mechanics, Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (2011).
2. M.M. Den, Process Fluid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1980).
3. Grundfos Product Center ,Available at: http://product-selection.grundfos.com (Accessed: 21th March
2016)
4. Fluid Mechanics & Fluid Power Engineering, (8th edition) by Kumar, D.S., Katarina & Sons, 2013
5. Lenz Hydraulics, Available at: http://lenzinc.com/ , (Accessed: 03th April 2016)
6. Hydraulic Power System Analysis, A. Akers, M. Gasman, & R. Smith, Taylor & Francis, New York,
2006

34. hank ou!