A look at this useful command for connecting your computer to a network

1. ifconfig
Kevin O'Brien
Washtenaw Linux Users Group
http://www.lugwash.org

2. ifconfig
● ... stands for interface configurator
● ... is part of the original internet toolkit
http://www.faqs.org/docs/linux_network/x-
087-2-iface.interface.html
● ... has versions available for Linux, BSD,
Solaris, and Mac OSX
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3. man page
● Ifconfig is used to configure the kernel-resident
network interfaces. It is used at boot time to set
up interfaces as necessary. After that, it is
usually only needed when debugging or when
system tuning is needed.
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4. man page 2
● If no arguments are given, ifconfig displays
the status of the currently active interfaces. If
a single interface argument is given, it
displays the status of the given interface
only; if a single -a argument is given, it
displays the status of all interfaces, even
those that are down. Otherwise, it configures
an interface.
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5. Sample output
eth0 Link encap 10Mbps Ethernet HWaddr
00:0F:20:CF:8B:42
inet addr 172.16.1.2 Bcast 172.16.1.255 Mask
255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST
MTU 1500 Metric 0
RX packets 3136 errors217 dropped 7 overrun 26
TX packets 1752 errors 25 dropped 0 overrun 0
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6. What is it saying?
● eth0 is the interface it is reporting on. It is the
first of the ethernet interfaces on this
computer.
● The Hardware Address is 00:0F:20:CF:8B:42.
This is sometimes called the MAC address
(Media Access Control), and is a
hexadecimal number assigned to the
ethernet card at the factory.
● The internet address is 172.16.1.2. This is
the address assigned to this computer.
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7. What is it saying? 2
● The Broadcast Address is 172.16.1.255. This
is an address that can be used to send
messages to every computer on the same
subnet as this computer.
● The Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0. This can
be thought of as defining or identifying the
subnet this computer is part of.
● The rest of it tells about packets sent,
received, dropped, etc.
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8. Use for information
● The first thing most beginners will want to do
is use this for information.
● If you find you are not connected to the
Internet, use this command to see if your
interface is configured and active.
● You can use this to check on your IP
address and subnet mask.
● There is an equivalent for wireless
interfaces, called iwconfig.
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9. Parallels for newbies
● Windows 95 through ME had a command
called winipcfg
● Windows NT through Windows Vista have
ipconfig
● These are essentially similar to the Unix
command ifconfig
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10. Syntax
● ifconfig interface [address [parameters]]
● interface is the interface name, such as eth0
(first ethernet device) or lo (local host)
● address is the IP address assigned to the
interface. This can be specified as a dotted
quad address, or as a name that can be
looked up in /etc/hosts.
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11. Parameters
● up – Makes an interface accessible to the IP
layer.
● down – Makes an interface inaccessible to
the IP layer, i.e. stops all traffic through this
interface.
● netmask mask – Sets the subnet mask to be
used by the interface.
● broadcast address – Sets the broadcast
address.
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12. Warning!
● If you are not a network administrator, be
very careful about setting addresses from the
command line. Even people with some
experience can get confused setting a
subnet mask. You don't want your interface
to stop working in some mysterious way.
● Using this command to get information is
completely safe.
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13. Warning! 2
● If you do want to experiment (a very good
way to learn about these things), just make
sure you are not using a mission-critical
computer. Whatever you screw up you will
need to unscrew.☺
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14. More on this command
● There are other parameters and options
available for this command, but they go
beyond the requirements for this
presentation. Consult Google or the man
page for more information.
● A good readable guide to the basics can be
found at http://tldp.org/LDP/nag2/x-087-2-
iface.ifconfig.html
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15. Examples
● ifconfig eth0 – View the network settings on
the first Ethernet adapter installed in the
computer.
● ifconfig -a – Display information on all
network interfaces on the computer, active or
inactive.
● ifconfig eth0 down – Would take down the
interface, and no packets would be sent or
received.
● ifconfig eth0 up – Would bring the interface
back up so it could send and receive data. 15

16. Examples 2
● ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.102 netmask
255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 –
This would assign these values to the first
Ethernet device installed in the computer. Be
careful here!
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