Bumi dan antariksa IPAS X

1. BAB 4
Bumi dan Antariksa
Proyek Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam &
Sosial (IPAS)
Disusun oleh:
Nur Aini, S. Pd.
SMK NU Roudlotul Furqon Banyubiru

2. A. SISTEM TATA SURYA
Matahari merupakan pusat tata
surya yang dapat
memancarkan sinarnya sendiri.
Berdasarkan sifatnya, matahari
merupakan sebuah bintang.
Jarak rata-rata matahari ke
bumi adalah 150 juta km yang
selanjutnya dinyatakan sebagai
1 astronomi unit (au)
MATAHARI

3. 4
2
3
1
Lapisan
Matahari
Lapisan paling luar matahari yang
merupakan kumpulan gas tipis
dengan suhu ±1.000.000 𝐾 dan
berbentuk mahkota yang tampak
jelas ketika terjadi gerhana
matahari total.
Lapisan paling dalam yang merupakan
pusat terjadinya reaksi fusi antara
atom hidrogen dan helium. Volume inti
matahari berkisar 25% dari seluruh
volumenya. Lapisan ini merupakan
lapisan paling panas dengan suhu 15
juta Kelvin
Lapisan yang bertindak sebagai
atmosfir matahari. Lapisan ini
mempunyai ketebalan 16.000 km
dengan suhu 6.000 - 20.000 K
Bagian permukaan matahari
yang mengeluarkan cahaya ke
segala penjuru dunia. Lapisan ini
memiliki suhu 6.000 – 16.000 K
dengan tebal mencapai 500 km.
Kromosfer
Korona
Fotosfer
Inti Matahari (core)

4. 4
2
3
1
Aktivitas
Matahari
Aktivitas matahari yang menimbulkan
granula. Granula yang dimaksud
adalah gumpalan pada fotosfer
matahari. Bagian ini merupakan bitnik
panas akibat perbedaan suhu yang
sangat drastic pada fotosfer.
Peristiwa ledakan besar di atmosfir
matahari yang merupakan pertanda
Kembali aktifnya matahari. Peristiwa
yang disertai dengan pelepasan
massa koronal dan medan
electromagnet yang kuat dapat
mengganggu perangkat komunikasi
bumi (satelit & radio)
Daerah gelap pada fotosfer yang
terbentuk karena suhu titik
tersebut jauh lebih rendah dari
suhu sekitarnya. Suhu bitnik
matahari berkisar antara 4.000 –
5.000 K.
Dampak dari gangguan yang
terjadi pada kromosfer. Semburan
gas tersebut menyerupai lidah api
besar berwarna merah dengan
variasi bentuk yang dapat
menyerupai pita, simpul, spiral atau
gunung
Bintik Matahari
(sunspot)
Granulasi
Lidah Api (prominence)
Suar Matahari (solar
flare)

5. PLANET

6. Planet
Bumi
Merkurius
Mars
Venus
 Planet terkecil dan jarak terdekat dengan
matahari
 Terletak pada orbit berjarak 57,91 km dari
matahari
 Diameter ±4.900 km
 Revolusi mengelilingi matahari dalam waktu 88
hari
 Rotasi pada porosnya dalam waktu 58 hari 15
jam 30 menit
 Sering dijuluki dengan planet merah
 Diameter ±6.800 km
 Permukaan dipenuhi oleh gunung dan lembah
 Revolusi mengelilingi matahari dalam waktu
687 hari
 Rotasi pada porosnya dalam waktu 25,62 jam
 Terletak pada orbit berjarak 108 juta km
 Revolusi mengelilingi matahari dalam waktu 225
hari
 Rotasi pada porosnya dalam waktu 116 hari 18
jam
 Diameter ±6.000 km
 Dijuluki sebagai bintang kejora
 Terletak pada orbit berjarak ±150 juta km
 Revolusi mengelilingi matahari dalam waktu 356,25
hari
 Rotasi pada porosnya dalam waktu 24 jam
 Diameter ±12.800 km
 70% permukaan bumi berupa lautan dan sisanya
berupa daratan
 Bumi memiliki satelit pengiring yang dinamakan
bulan

7. Planet
Uranus
Jupiter
Neptunus
Saturnus
 Planet terbesar di tata surya
 Diameter ±142.000 km dan massa 318 kali lebih
besar dari massa bumi
 Memiliki 68 satelit yang selalu mengiringinya
 Tersusun dari gas hydrogen
 Seperempat massa Jupiter adalah gas helium
 Planet dengan atmosfir yang penuh dengan
angin dan badai
 Diameter ±50.000 km
 Mengorbit matahari dengan jarak rata-rata
± 4,5 miliar km
 Revolusi mengelilingi matahari dalam waktu
165 tahun
 Rotasi pada porosnya dalam waktu 16 jam 6
menit
 Planet terbesar kedua dengan diameter
± 116.460 km
 Terkenal dengan sebutan plante bercincin
 Revolusi mengelilingi matahari dalam waktu
29,5 tahun
 Rotasi pada porosnya dalam waktu 10 jam 33
menit
 Memiliki 2 satelit paling besar yaitu Titan dan
Phoebe
 Planet paling dingin dalam tata surya
 Sinar matahari membutuhkan waktu 2 jam 40 menit
untuk mencapai Uranus
 Suhu atmosfir mencapai −224°𝐶 dengan komposisi
helium, hydrogen, dan metana
 Diameter ±26.000 km

8. Asteroid
Klasifikasi Asteroid
 Asteroid jenis karbon (C)
 Asteroid jenis silicaceous (S)
 Asteroid jenis metallic (M)
 Asteroid jenis vestoid (V)
Pengertian Asteroid
Asteroid atau planet minor
(planetoid) merupakan benda
langit dengan bentuk tak teratur
yang tersusun dari kumpulan
debu dan es.
Penampakan Asteroid
Jarak yang jauh dengan matahari
membuat komponen penyusun
asteroid membeku dan es hingga
suhu −73°𝐶 . Ukuran diameter
bervariasi antara 2 – 750 km.
Contoh Asteroid
 Ceres
 Pallas
 Vesta
 Hygiea
 Interamnia
 Baptistina

10. Ideas Infographics
It’s the smallest planet in the Solar System
Venus has a poisonous atmosphere
It’s the biggest planet in the Solar System
It’s composed of hydrogen and helium
It’s a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust
Mercury
Jupiter
Saturn
Mars
Venus

11. Ideas Infographics
Jupiter is a gas giant and actually also the biggest
planet in our wonderful Solar System
Saturn is a gas giant in our wonderful Solar System,
composed mostly of hydrogen and helium
It has a beautiful name and is the second planet
from the Sun in our wonderful Solar System
Jupiter
Venus
Saturn

12. Ideas Infographics
Mars is actually a
cold place. It’s a
planet full of iron
oxide dust
It’s a gas giant
and also the
biggest planet in
the Solar System
It has a beautiful
name, but it’s
terribly hot, more
than Mercury
Jupiter Venus Mars

13. Ideas Infographics
It’s the smallest planet
in the Solar System
It’s the biggest planet in
the Solar System
Venus has a very
poisonous atmosphere
Earth is the planet
where we all live on
It’s composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
It’s a cold place. It’s full
of iron oxide dust
Ceres is located in the
main asteroid belt

14. Ideas Infographics
It’s the smallest planet in the Solar System
Venus has a very poisonous atmosphere
It’s the biggest planet in the Solar System
It’s composed of hydrogen and helium
It’s a cold place full of iron oxide dust
1
3
4
2
5

15. Ideas Infographics
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Jupiter is a gas giant
and the biggest planet
Earth is the third planet
and it harbors life
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s hot
Despite being red, Mars
is a very cold place
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun

16. Ideas Infographics
It’s the smallest planet in the
Solar System
Venus has a very poisonous
atmosphere
It’s the biggest planet in the
Solar System
It’s composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
It’s actually a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust
It’s the smallest planet in the
Solar System
Venus has a very poisonous
atmosphere
It’s the biggest planet in the
Solar System
It’s composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
It’s actually a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust

17. Ideas Infographics
Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System
Venus has a beautiful name, but also high temperatures
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System
Saturn is composed mostly of hydrogen and helium
Neptune is the fourth-largest planet in the Solar System
Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place

18. Ideas Infographics
Mercury Venus
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s
hot and has a very
poisonous atmosphere
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon

19. Ideas Infographics
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and
is only a bit larger
than the Moon
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the
second planet from
the Sun
Saturn is the ringed
one. It’s composed
mostly of hydrogen
and helium
Despite being red,
Mars is actually a cold
place. It’s full of iron
oxide dust
Mercury Venus Saturn Mars

20. Ideas Infographics
It’s the closest planet to the Sun
Venus has a poisonous atmosphere
It’s a gas giant in the Solar System
It’s composed of hydrogen and helium
It’s now considered a dwarf planet
Mars is full of iron oxide dust
Earth is the planet where we live on
Mercury
Venus
Jupiter
Saturn
Pluto
Mars
Earth

21. Ideas Infographics
It’s composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
It’s a cold place. It’s full
of iron oxide dust
It’s the smallest planet
in the Solar System
Venus has a very
poisonous atmosphere
It’s the biggest planet in
the Solar System

22. Ideas Infographics
It’s the smallest planet
in the Solar System
It’s the biggest planet
in the Solar System
It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium
It’s a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust

23. Saturn
Jupiter
Saturn
Ideas Infographics
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun in our wonderful Solar System
Jupiter is a gas giant and also the
biggest planet in the Solar System
Saturn is a gas giant composed mostly
of hydrogen and helium

24. Ideas
Infographic
s
Despite being red, Mars is cold
Venus has a beautiful name
Saturn is the ringed planet
Venus has a beautiful name
Neptune is far away from Earth
Venus has a beautiful name
Mercury is the smallest planet
Venus has a beautiful name
Jupiter is the biggest planet
Venus has a beautiful name
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet
from the Sun. It’s terribly
hot and its atmosphere is
extremely poisonous

25. Ideas Infographics
Jupiter is a gas giant and actually also the
biggest planet in the Solar System
Saturn is a gas giant in the Solar System,
composed mostly of hydrogen and helium
It has a beautiful name and is the second
planet from the Sun in the Solar System
1
2
3
Jupiter
Saturn
Venus

26. It has a beautiful name
and is the second planet
from the Sun
Jupiter is a gas giant and
the biggest planet in the
Solar System
Ideas Infographics
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and
smallest one
Mars is actually a cold
place. This planet is full of
iron oxide dust

27. Ideas Infographics
The smallest planet
The biggest planet
The beautiful planet
The smallest planet
The biggest planet
The beautiful planet
The smallest planet
The biggest planet
The beautiful planet
The smallest planet
The biggest planet
The beautiful planet
Advanced Idea
Basic Idea
Professional
Idea
Business Idea

28. Ideas Infographics
Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System
Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium
Mars is a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust
Mercur
y
Jupiter
Saturn
Mars

29. Ideas Infographics
It’s the smallest planet in
the Solar System
Venus has a very
poisonous atmosphere
It’s the biggest planet in
the Solar System
It’s composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
It’s actually a cold place.
It’s full of iron oxide dust
It’s the smallest planet in
the Solar System
Venus has a very
poisonous atmosphere
It’s the biggest planet in
the Solar System
It’s composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
It’s actually a cold place.
It’s full of iron oxide dust

30. Ideas Infographics
It’s the smallest planet in the Solar System
Venus has a very poisonous atmosphere
It’s the biggest planet in the Solar System
It’s composed of hydrogen and helium
It’s a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust
90%
25%
70%
28%
33%

31. Ideas Infographics
It has a beautiful name and a poisonous atmosphere
Venus
Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust
Mars
Saturn is composed mostly of hydrogen and helium
Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System
Jupiter
Mercury is the smallest planet in the Solar System
Mercury

32. Ideas Infographics
It’s the smallest planet
in the Solar System
It’s the biggest planet
in the Solar System
It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium
Neptune is very far
away from Earth
It’s a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Neptune
Saturn
Mars
Venus
Jupiter
Mercury

33. Ideas Infographics
1 2 3
Jupiter
Mars
Despite being red, Mars is actually a
cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust
It’s a gas giant and the biggest
planet in the Solar System
Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant, composed
mostly of hydrogen and helium

34. Ideas Infographics
1 5
2 4
3
Despite being red, Mars
is actually a cold place.
It’s full of iron oxide dust
It has a beautiful name
and is the second planet
from the Sun
Saturn is the ringed one.
It’s composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
Jupiter is a gas giant and
the biggest planet in the
Solar System
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the Solar System

35. Ideas Infographics
It’s a gas giant and also the biggest
planet in the Solar System
It’s the smallest and closest planet to the
Sun in the Solar System
Mars is actually a cold place. It’s a planet
full of iron oxide dust
It has a beautiful name, but it’s terribly
hot, even more than Mercury
1
2
3
4

36. Ideas Infographics
Mars is actually a cold
place. It’s a planet full of
iron oxide dust
It’s the smallest and
closest planet to the Sun
in the Solar System
It has a beautiful name,
but it’s terribly hot, even
hotter than Mercury
It’s a gas giant and also
the biggest planet in the
Solar System
Mercury
Mars
Jupiter
Venus

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