• Identification of research problem
• Literature review
• Specifying the purpose of research
• Determine specific research questions
• Specification of a conceptual framework, usually a set of hypotheses
• Choice of a methodology (for data collection)
• Data collection
• Verify data
• Analyzing and interpreting the data
• Reporting and evaluating research
• Communicating the research findings and, possibly, recommendations
S.SENTHIL MURUGAN, Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mepco Schlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi
Orlando’s Arnold Palmer Hospital Layout Strategy-1.pptx
Tactics on Research and Advanced Optimization Techniques in Engineering Applications
1. One day workshop on
Tactics on Research and Advanced Optimization Techniques
in Engineering Applications’ 2016
S.SENTHIL MURUGAN
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Mepco Schlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi
Plan for
Research
(20/8/2016)
2. Albert Abraham Michelson (surname pronunciation anglicized as
"Michael-son", December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an
American physicist known for his work on the measurement of
the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley
experiment. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics. He
became the first American to receive the Nobel Prize in sciences.
3.
4. "Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase
our understanding of a topic or issue". It consists of three steps: Pose a question,
collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question.
STEPS IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH
Research is often conducted using the hourglass model structure of research.
hourglass model starts with a broad spectrum for research, focusing in on the
required information through the method of the project
• Identification of research problem
• Literature review
• Specifying the purpose of research
• Determine specific research questions
• Specification of a conceptual framework, usually a set of hypotheses
• Choice of a methodology (for data collection)
• Data collection
• Verify data
• Analyzing and interpreting the data
• Reporting and evaluating research
• Communicating the research findings and, possibly, recommendations
5. R & D
• BASIC RESEARCH
• APPLIED RESEARCH are documentation, discovery,
interpretation, or the research and development (R&D)
of methods and systems for the advancement of human
knowledge.
• Basic + applied = R & D
• There are several forms of research: scientific,
humanities, artistic, economic, social, business,
marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc.
6. FORMS OF RESEARCH
Scientific research:
is a systematic way of gathering data and harnessing curiosity. This research
provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of the nature and
the properties of the world.
Research in the humanities:
Humanities scholars usually do not search for the ultimate correct answer to a
question, but instead explore the issues and details that surround it. Context is
always important, and context can be social, historical, political, cultural, or ethnic.
Artistic research:
also seen as 'practice-based research', can take form when creative works are
considered both the research and the object of research itself.
Exploratory research: which helps to identify and define a problem or question.
Constructive research: which tests theories and proposes solutions to a problem or
question.
Empirical research: which tests the feasibility of a solution using empirical
evidence.
7. Outcome of Research
• Publications
• Projects
• Patent
• Products
• Industry relations
guidance
reviewer, editor,
professional body member
as a student. Etc…
8. Motivation
• Dr. Kantesh Balani- recipient of several fellowships and
awards.
• Publication- 93 nos. + 35 nos.
• Technical talk- 81 nos.
• Research fund- US$ 1M (25 projects)
• Patent filed- 4
• Books/ books chapter- 5 nos.
• Courses organised- 18 nos.
• Reviewer and Editor: 25 technical journals
• Members in professional bodies: 7 nos.
• NPTEL course: 2 courses
• DRDO expert panel member
• key reader and editorial board: for Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, and is
involved in the editorial board of Defense Science Journal (DRDO), Recent Patents on
Materials Science (Bentham), Recent Patents on Nanotechnology (Bentham),
Nanomaterials and Energy (Institution of Civil Engineers), Journal of Materials &
Metallurgical Engineering (STM Journals), Journal of NanoScience, NanoEngineering &
Applications (STM Journals), and Journal of Engineering (Hindawi).
9. Motivation
• Dr. B.S. MURTY - recipient of several fellows
• Awards- (23 nos.- including Shanti Swarup
Bhatnagar Award (2007)
• Publication- 398 nos.
• Research fund- 18 crores (53 projects)
• Ph.D Guidance - 44 nos.
• Patent filed- 14 nos.
• Books/ books chapter- 5 nos.
• Courses organised- 18 nos.
• Editor: 11 technical journals
• Members in professional bodies: 9 nos.
• NPTEL course: 3 courses
• International collaborations: 16 nos.
10. Motivation
• Dr. A.Ajayaghosh FRS - recipient of several
fellows
• Awards- (14 nos.- including Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar
• Publication- 131 nos. (upto 2010)
• Research fund- 18 crores (10 projects)
• Ph.D Guidance - 31 nos.
• Invited talk- 273 nos.
• Members in professional bodies: 4 nos.
• International collaborations: 16 nos.
• Books/ books chapter- 4 nos.
• Courses organised- 18 nos.
• Editor: 8 technical journals
• Patent filed- 9 nos
11. Publications
A journal publishes high-quality theoretical or
empirical research articles:
Original Contributions, Review Papers, Case Studies,
Articles of Professional Interests.
Papers will only be accepted if they are well written
and conform to the journal’s style.
The editors will review each paper and, if it is found
suitable for publication, then only it will be sent to
reviewers for peer review.
12. Key words
• Impact factor
it is a measure of the frequency with which the
"average article" in a journal has been cited in a
particular year or period.
The annual JCR impact factor is a ratio between
citations and recent citable items published.
13. • Annual Review of Biochemistry with an impact factor of
35.5 in 1992.
• review journals have some of the highest impact
factors.
14. • i-10 (Created by Google Scholar)
• i10-Index = the number of publications with at least 10 citations.
• h-index (Jorge Eduardo Hirsch)
h-index is an author-level metric that attempts to measure both
the productivity and citation impact of the publications of a
scientist or scholar. The index is based on the set of the scientist's
most cited papers and the number of citations that they have
received in other publications.
• Google citation scholar
• Scopus
Thomson Reuters:
• Thomson Reuters began to publish Journal Citation
Reports(JCR®) in 1975 as part of the SCI and the Social Sciences
Citation Index (SSCI).
15. Reviewer Recommendation and Comments for Manuscript Number
IEID-D-16-00020
The overall quality experimental results and necessary analyses are
acceptable but few concerns are raised by the reviewer
1) How the authors encounter the porosity issue generally associated with Al.
stir casting? Did the authors use any kind of Degasser? Clarification required.
2) How the compositions have been estimated?
3) Please cite the interfacial bonding mechanism between the
reinforcements and matrix as it directly affects the mechanical properties.
4) Overall English language is not proper.
5) It is suggested to incorporate the SEM images to focus on the
morphological features of the developed composites to enhance the quality
of manuscript.
6) Only values of mechanical properties are presented in form of a table.
Tensile and flexural plots are needed for the enhancement of the quality of
the paper.
23. For research paper submission click “submit new manuscript” and complete the
steps available in the left side
24.
25. What is a proposal?
A proposal is a request for support of sponsored research,
instruction, or extension projects.
Good proposals quickly and easily answer the following questions:
1. What do you want to do, how much will it cost, and how much time will it
take?
2. How does the proposed project relate to the sponsor's interests?
3. What difference will the project make to: your university, your students,
your discipline, the state, the nation, or any other concerned parties?
4. What has already been done in the area of your project?
5. How do you plan to do it?
6. How will the results be evaluated?
7. Why should you, rather than someone else, do this project?
Most agencies provide detailed instructions or guidelines concerning the
preparation of proposals, guidelines should be studied carefully before you
begin writing the draft.
26. Writing a Good Ph.D Research Proposal
What is a PhD proposal?
A Ph.D proposal is an outline of your proposed project that is designed to:
• Define a clear question and approach to answering it
• Highlight its originality and/or significance
• Explain how it adds to, develops (or challenges) existing literature in the
field
• Persuade potential supervisors and/or funders of the importance of the
work, and why you are the right person to undertake it
To check word limits and guidelines. Generally speaking, a proposal should
be around 3,000 words which you write as part of the application process.
What is the research proposal for?
• Potential supervisors, admissions tutors and/or funders use research
proposals to assess the quality and originality of your ideas, your skills in
critical thinking and the feasibility of the research project.
• Think very carefully about the scope of your research and be prepared to
explain how you will complete it within this timeframe.
27. Types of proposals
Solicited proposals
• Submitted in response to a specific solicitation issued by a sponsor. Such solicitations,
typically called Request for Proposals (RFP) are usually specific in their requirements.
Unsolicited proposals
• Submitted to a sponsor that has not issued a specific solicitation but is believed by the
investigator to have an interest in the subject.
Pre proposals
• Requested when a sponsor wishes to minimize an applicant's effort in preparing a full
proposal. Pre proposals are usually in the form of a letter of intent or brief abstract.
After the pre proposal is reviewed, the sponsor notifies the investigator if a full
proposal is warranted.
Continuation or non-competing proposals
• Confirm the original proposal and funding requirements of a multi-year project for
which the sponsor has already provided funding for an initial period (normally one
year). Continued support is usually contingent on satisfactory work progress and the
availability of funds.
Renewal or competing proposals
• Are requests for continued support for an existing project that is about to terminate,
and, from the sponsor's viewpoint, generally have the same status as an unsolicited
proposal.
28. Parts of a proposal (How to write a proposal?)
Proposals depending upon whether the proposer is seeking support
for a research grant, a training grant, or a conference or curriculum
development project.
The following outline covers the primary components of a research
proposal. Your proposal will be a variation on this basic theme.
Title Page:
• agencies specify the format for the title page.
• Titles should be comprehensive enough to indicate the nature of the
proposed work, but also be brief.
Abstract:
• to make preliminary decisions about the proposal.
• An effective summary states the problem addressed by the applicant,
identifies the solution, and specifies the objectives and methods of
the project.
• This summary should also outline funding requirements and describe
the applicant’s expertise.
29. Table of Contents:
• Very brief proposals with few sections ordinarily do not need a table
of contents;
• Long and detailed proposals may require, in addition to a table of
contents, a list of illustrations (or figures) and a list of tables.
• If all of these are included, they should follow the order mentioned,
and each should be numbered with lower-case Roman numerals.
• The table of contents should list all major parts and divisions
(including the abstract, even though it precedes the table of
contents).
Introduction: (includes Statement of Problem, Purpose of Research,
and Significance of Research)
• The introduction of a proposal should begin with a capsule
statement of what is being proposed and then should proceed to
introduce the subject to a stranger.
• statement describes the significance of the problem(s), referring to
appropriate studies or statistics.
30. Background: (including Literature Survey)
• Be sure to
(1) make clear what the research problem is and exactly what has
been accomplished;
(2) to give evidence of your own competence in the field; and
(3) to show why the previous work needs to be continued.
• The literature review should be selective and critical.
• Discussions of work done by others should therefore lead the reader
to a clear impression of how you will be building upon what has
already been done and how your work differs from theirs.
31. Description of Proposed Research (including Method or Approach)
• The comprehensive explanation of the proposed research is addressed other
specialists in your field.
• This section is the heart of the proposal and is the primary concern of the
technical reviewers.
• Remember as you lay out the research design to
(1) be realistic about what can be accomplished.
(2) be explicit about any assumptions or hypotheses the research method
rests upon.
(3) be clear about the focus of the research.
(4) be as detailed as possible about the schedule of the proposed work.
(5) be specific about the means of evaluating the data or the conclusions.
(6) be certain that the connection between the research objectives and the
research method is evident.
(7) spell out preliminary work developing an analytical method or laying
groundwork as Phase 1. At the end of that phase you will be able to report
that you have accomplished something and are ready to undertake Phase 2.
32. Description of Relevant Institutional Resources:
• section details the resources available to the proposed project
and, if possible, shows why the sponsor should select this
University and this investigator for this particular research.
• its abundance of experts in related areas that may indirectly
benefit the project, its supportive services that will directly benefit
the project, and its unique or unusual research facilities or
instruments available to the project.
List of References:
• The style of the bibliographical item itself depends on the
disciplinary field.
33. Personnel:
• consists of two parts: an explanation of the proposed personnel
arrangements and the biographical data sheets for each of the main
contributors to the project.
• The explanation should specify how many persons at what percentage of
time and in what academic categories will be participating in the project.
• If the program is complex and involves people from other departments or
colleges, the organization of the staff and the lines of responsibility should
be made clear. Any student participation, paid or unpaid, should be
mentioned, and the nature of the proposed contribution detailed.
• If any persons must be hired for the project, say so, and explain why, unless
the need for persons not already available within the University is self-
evident.
Budget:
• Sponsors customarily specify how budgets should be presented and what
costs are allowable.
• The budget delineates the costs to be met by the funding source, including
personnel, non-personnel, administrative, and overhead expenses. The
budget also specifies items paid for by other funding sources. Includes
justifications for requested expenditures.
34. If you are a
student/ Mentor
• Anveshan
• FAER (Foundation for advancement for
education and research)- www.faer.ac.in
1. CSE 2. IT 3. Energy 4. ECE 5. Environment
5. Innovative applications
• NLC (Engineers & Scientist Association)
• NDRF (National Design Research Foundation)
inviting research proposals
35. • ELECRAMA
• Chief minister award for excellence e-
Governance
• Annamalai university (UG/PG/Ph.D)
• IE project scheme ( through Guide only )
( for UG/PG any branch)
inviting research proposals
36. Anveshan
• Student research convention by Research Division Of Association
Of Indian Universities
• Research projects from full time students (UG to Ph.D levels)
• Field: 1. Agriculture 2. Basic Sciences 3. Engineering & Technology
4. Health And Sciences And Allied Subjects, Pharmacy, Nutrition
Etc… 5.
• In case of group project (max. 3 members)
• Project original must have undergone some exploration/ground
work.
• Criteria and weightage: scientific thoughts and principles-20
marks, creativity- 20, thoroughness- 10, skill- 10, relevance- 20,
cost effectiveness- 10, teamwork- 10
• University level, zonal level, national level,
• Reg. form proposal to Deputy director, research division, AIU, New
Delhi. Copy to respective zonal coordinator.
37. • Full time UG/PG/Ph.D (Research scholars)
• District level (3 prize), state level (3 prizes – 2,50,000/-)
• All Documentations to Tamilnadu e-Governance agency
• Tough selection process
• Project nomination form,
• project report: executive summary, project description,
objectives, relevance, technology platform, outcome expected.
Infrastructural requirements.
Chief minister award for excellence e-Governance
NDRF (National Design and Research Forum), IE
• UG & PG All branches
• www.ndrf.res.in
• Check list: 3 sets of proposal, declaration, project nomination
form, certificate of authenticity (if team).
38. Engineers & Scientist Association
• www.esaneyveli.org
• Pre final/ final year. Mech, EEE, civil, mining
• Check list: registration form, 2 sets of hard copies of project
(max. 8 pages allowed including drawings, records, documents)
with CD.
• Individual student only
• The organising secretary, Engineers & Scientists Association,
block-17, Neyveli- 607801, Cuddalore District, Tamilnadu.
Nettur technical training foundation (NTTF)
• Final B.E. students - www.nttftrg.com
National research development corporation (NRDC)
• On behalf of department of scientific and industrial research
(DSIR) – www.nrdcindia.com
39. Infosys innovate
• Mentor from infosys for the finals
Bry- air
• innovative HVAC & R project
www.bryairawards.com
Niyantra – national instruments
• Short listed team mentor from NI
niyantra@ni.com
• www.ei.elecrama.com
• Financial grant, TA, certificates for students and guide,
• Relevant to electrical energy sector, course works project eligible
• All branches of E&T
• 3rd yr. UG, PG, Ph.D.
ELECRAMA
40. Funding agencies
MSME
Office Of The Development Commissioner
(MICRO, SMALL & Medium Enterprises)
Ministry Of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises , Govt., Of India
Nirman Bhawan, 7th Floor, Maulana Azad Road, New Delhi- 110 108
The Director,
MSME Development Institute, Govt. of India,
Ministry of MSME, 65/1, GST Road, Guindy, Chennai - 600 032, Tamil Nadu, India.
1. Agreement between Incubatee and Incubator
2. Agreement between Incubator and Government of India
3. Proposed Expenditure details
4. Certificate issued by Incubator Institute
Research through Project
42. • DST
To,
Department of Science & Technology,
Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi – 110 016.
• MoM
To,
The Director (Technical), Ministry of Mines, Shastri Bhavan,
New Delhi -110 003.
• CSIR
To,
The Head, Human Resource Development Group,
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CSIR Complex, Library Avenue,
Pusa, New Delhi - 110012
Funding agencies
43. • TNSCST
The Member Secretary
Tamilnadu State Council for Science and Technology, DOTE Campus,
Chennai-600 025
• Indian Institute of metals (IIM)
Funding agencies
• VSSC
• DRDO,
• Armament Research Board (ARMREB- DRDO)
• Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL)
Chandigarh – DRDO
45. • MNRE
• AICTE
• UGC
• ICSSR (Indian Council of Social Science Research)
• IE
• Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)
• Aeronautics Research and Development Board (ARDB)
• Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS)
Funding agencies
Note: To take proposal format, please visit
individual funding agencies website
52. DST- SERB Project submission
12 steps
first step
• basic details
• technical details
(consists of: origin of the proposal; review of R &D Subject-
international, national; importance of the proposed project, work
plan; methodology- description of the work; time schedule;
outcome of the project; EIA and risk analysis, Expertise; role and
responsibilities of investigators, key publications in SCI journals by
investigators; bibliography; list and details of projects implemented
by Investigators, infrastructural facilities; name and address of
experts.)
remaining 11 steps
• Endorsement form
• Certificate from investigators
65. Patents
• Form 1, form 2, Figures
• Application for grant of patent, declaration,
attachments
• Applicants, title of invention, preamble,
description, claim, abstract,
