My 1st presentation ❤☺

1. PRESENTATION ON PHARYNX
 By Akanksha. S. Lahase

2. Pharynx
 Wide Muscular Tube
 Situated Behind : nose – nasopharynx
mouth – oropharynx
larynx – laryngopharynx
Boundaries : Superiority – base of skull
Inferiorly – continuous with oesophagus at level of c6 vertebrae
Posteriorly – separated from cervical vertebrae by prevertebral fascia
Anteriorly – communicates with nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx
Thus Anterior wall is incomplete
On each side – Communicates on each with middle ear cavity through auditory Tube(Eustachian)
Attached to : Mandible
Tongue
Hyoid Bone
Thyroid and Cricoid
Medial Pterygoid Plate
Pterygomandibular Raphe

6. Parts of Pharynx
1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx :
1. lower par of pharynx
2. Situated behind larynx
3. Extends from upper border of epiglottis
4. Anterior wall presents :
a. inlet of larynx
b. posterior surface of cricoid and arytenoid cartilage
5. posterior wall :
supported mainly by c4 and c5 and partly by c3 and c6 vertebrae
6. Laryngopharynx has 3 parts :
a. pyriform sinus
b. post cricoid area
c. posterior pharyngeal wall

8. Lateral wall – A depression resent known pyriform
sinus/ fossa on each side of inlet of larynx
- Fossa bounded :
medially = by aryepiglottic fold
laterally = by thyroid cartilage and
Thyroid membrane
- Beneath mucosa of fossa, internal laryngeal
nerve is present(ILN) gives sensory supply to
supraglottis and pyriformsinus
- Removal of foreign bodies from pyriform
fossa may change ILN leading to anaesthesia I
supraglottic part of larynx

9. Oropharynx : It has following parts
1. Soft palate
2. Uvula
3. Base of tongue – post one third of tongue
4. Lingual tonsil
5. Vallecula – space between base tongue and epiglottis
6. Anterior tonsillar pillar – palatoglossal muscle
7. Posterior tonsillar pillar – palatophoryngeus muscle
8. Palatine tonsil = tonsil
9. Post pharyngeal wall
Waldeyers lymphatic = Collection of lymphoid tissue in pharynx
It has :
Nasopharyngeal tonsil = adenoid
Tubal tonsil
Tonsil (palatine)
Lingual tonsil

10. Palatine tonsil :
1. It occupies tonsillar sinus between palatoglossal and palatop haryngeal arches.
2. Shape – Almond
3. 2 Surfaces : medial and lateral
2 Borders : anterior and posterior
2 Poles : upper and lower
4. Medial Surface = covered by stratified squamous epithelium
5. Lateral Surface : covered by sheet of fascia which forms hemi capsule of tonsil
6. Bed of Tonsil – formed by :
a. pharyngomaxillary fascia
b. superior constricted and falatrpharyngeus muscle
c. buccopharyngeal fascia
d. styloglossus (in lower part)
e. glossopharyngeal nerve

12. Relations – Ant. Border – Palatoglossal arch with muscle
Post. Border – palatopharyngeal arch with muscle
upper Border – Soft Palate
Lower pole – tongue
Arterial Supply – Main Source : tonsillar branch of facial artery
Additional : -ascending palatine br. Of facial
- dorsal lingual br. of eingual
- ascending pharyngeal br. Of eca
- greater palatine branch of maxillary.
Venus Drainage – Peritonsillar vein / palatine vein – main source of bleeding during tonsillectomy
Nerve Supply – Glossopharyngeal (ix) lesser palatine

13. Muscles of Pharynx
 Outer Layer :
1. Superior Constrictor:
a. Pterygoid Hamulus
b. Pterygomandibular raphe
c. Medial surface of mandible (at post end of mylohoid line)
2. middle constrictor :
a. lower part of stylohyoid ligament
b. lesser conua of hyoid
c. upper border of greater cornea of hyoid
3. Inferior constrictor :
a. Thyropharyngeus
b. cricopharyngeus
 Inner Longitudinal Layer :
1. Stylopharyngeus
2. Salpingopharyngeus
3. Palatopharyngeus

14. Thyropharyngeus – From thyroid cartilage
Cricopharyngeus – from cricoid cartilage
Insertion of constrictors – into a median raphe on post wall of pharynx
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Structures in b/w pharyngeal muscles :
1. Between base of skull and superior constructor :
-gap known as sinus of Morgagni
-closed by upper strong part of pharyngobasilar fascia.
-structures passing : -auditory tube
- leator veli palatam muscle
- ascending palatine artery
- palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal

15. 2.Gap Between superior and middle constrictor :
a. stvlophryngeus muscle
b. glossopharynx geal nerve
3. Gap between middle and inferior constrictor
a. internal laryngeal N.V.
b. sup. Laryngeal vessels
4. Gap between int. constrictor and oesophagus
a. recurrent laryngeal inf.
b. inf. Laryngeal vessels

16. Nerve Supply :
- Pharynx is supplied by pharyngeal plexus of nerves formed by
1. Pharyngeal branch of vagus carrying fibers of cranial accessory nerve
2. pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve
3. pharyngeal branches of superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
Motor Fibers :
- derived from cranial accessory nerve through branches of vagus
- they supply all muscles of pharynx except stylopharyngeus supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve
- inf constrictor receives additional supply from external and recurrent laryngeal nerve

17. Sensory fibers – general visceral afferetyt
Travel – mostly through glossopharyngeal nv
partly through vagus lv
Nasopharynx – spplied by maxillary nv through vagus nv
Soft palate and tonsil – supplied by lesser palatine and glossopharyngeal nv
Test Sensation – From vallecula and epiglottic area pass through internal laryngeal branch of vagus nv
Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers – derived from lesser palatine branches of pterygopalatine
ganglion
Blood supply – Same as tonsil
1.Ascendingpharyngeal Branch of ECA
2. Ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of Facial artery
3. Dorsal lingual branches of lingual artery
4. Greator palatine, pharyngeal and pterygoid branches of maxillary artery
Lymphatic dranage – drains into retropharyngeal and deep cervical lymph nodes

18. Reference : Anatomy and physiology for nurses, Human anatomy, Online , Applied
Page No : 169 to 180 , 12 to 40
Edition : 1 st
Author : Dr. SS. Randhawa, Roger Watson.

19. THE END