Review of Microgrid Technology and its Control Strategy is explained in this slide. This Slides along with the reference mentioned will help you to understand more better on Operation of microgrid ,Difference between Ac microgrid and DC microgrid ? How Real and Reactive can be transferred to the grid? Why dq axis current are considered?. Please feel free to contact me for the detailed report.

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CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• ARCHITECTURE OF MICROGRID
• TECHNOLOGY OF MICROGRID
• CONTROL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
• MICROGRID CONTROL
• ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF MICROGRID
• MICROGRID DEVELOPMENT
USING GTI
• REFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION
• The energy crisis and environment issue have become increasingly prominent in recent years.
• The data of load on Indian grid and how it is met is shown below
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• The drawbacks in centralized power grid are
1. High costs
2. Operational difficulties
3. Difficulty to meet users increasing requirement of safety and reliability

4. 4
INTRODUCTION (CONT
…)
What is Microgrid?
Microgrid is a localized group
of electricity sources and loads
that normally operates and
connected to macrogrid but
also can disconnect to island
mode and function
autonomously as per physical
or economic condition.

5. AC Microgrid
• Active Power, Reactive Power, Voltage and
frequency are the parameters to be controlled.
• Requiers more number of conversion stages.
• Voltage and active power are the only
parameters to be controlled.
• Requires less number of conversion stages
DC Microgrid
ARCHITECTUREOFMICROGRID
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The architecture of microgrid is organized as follows
• AC Microgrid
• DC Microgrid
• Hybrid Microgrid

6. 1.Techology in
energy sources
distributed
generation
2.Technology in
energy storage
3.Switch
interconnection
technology
4.Control System
Technology
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Technologyof
Microgrid

7. Grid Connected Mode
• Utility grid is active
• Static Switch is closed
• All the feeders are beign supplied by utility grid
• Utility grid is not supplying power
• Static Switch is open
• Feeder A, B and C are being supplied by
Microsources
• Feeder D is dead.
Islanded Mode
CONTROL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
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The Control System technologies in microgrid can be grouped in to two modes as follows
• Grid Connected Mode
• Islanded Mode

8. • Basic structure of inverter along with the circuit diagram is shown below
• Inverter configuration can be Single Phase or Three Phase.
• Inverter Voltage is the vector sum of grid voltage and line voltage.
MICROGRIDCONTROL
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9. • How to control an active power delivered to grid ?
• P=
𝑣1∗𝑣2
𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛ø
• P=
𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑣∗𝑉𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑑
𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛ø
• P ∝ sinø
MICROGRIDCONTROL
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To send active current to the grid
• There should be small phase difference between inverter voltage
and grid voltage.

10. • How to control an reactive power delivered to grid ?
• Q=
𝑣1−𝑣2 𝑣2
𝑥
• Q=
𝑉𝑖𝑛𝑣−𝑉𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑑 𝑉𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑑
𝑥
• Q ∝(Vinv-Vgrid)
MICROGRIDCONTROL
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To send lagging reactive current to the grid
• Magnitude of the inverter voltage should be higher than grid
voltage.
• There should not be any phase difference between inverter voltage
and grid voltage.

11. 1.Grid-forming units
• Regulate system voltage and
frequency by balancing
generation power and load
demands when microgrid
operates islanded mode.
• In the presence of main,grid
forming units are changed to
operate as grid feeding
units.
2.Grid feeding units
• Adjust the output active and
reactive power based on the
power dispatch strategies or
the frequency and voltage
variation of the load or
feeder.
3.Grid supporting units
• These units are controlled to
extract maximum active
power from their primary
energy resource and the
required reactiver power to
support local demand of
reactive current.
MICROGRIDCONTROL
11
In the microgrid, Distributed Energy Resources can operate as

12. Control strategy used in grid feeding unit
• Active power and reactive power can use a synchronization control strategy framework "dq0".
• In this control strategy current in each phase is used as an input to determine PWM voltage that will regulate power
output.
• Magnitude of input current is transformed into massive d axis and q axis which then transformed into Vabc voltage
magnitude.
MICROGRIDCONTROL
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13. • Voltage and active power are the only
parameters to be controlled.
• Requires less number of conversion stages
DC Microgrid
ADVANTAGESANDDISDVANTAGESOFMICROGRID
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•1.Microgrid have an
ability to isolate and
separate itself from utility
with less or no disruption
to the load.
•2.In peak load periods
microgrid can prevent
utility grid failure by
reducing the load on grid.
•3.Environmental benefits.
1.The difficulty of
resynchronization with
the utility grid.
2.Electrical energy needs
to be stored in battery
banks thus requiring
more space and
maintenance.
3.Microgrid protection.
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES

14. • Microgrid systems can be implemented using grid tie inverter (GTI). The weakness of this system is when there is no
grid, the system cannot work.
• Microgrid system using GTI is shown below
• In this trial used 2 pieces of GTI and a local load. Measurements were taken to see the distribution of power flow of
each GTI and power flow from PLN in meeting needs of power required by load.
• The data of power flow in the system is shown below
• Power transfer can occur from GTI to grid when GTI has power excess.
• Grid supplying power to GTI when GTI power shortage.
MICROGRIDDEVELOPMENTUSINGGTI
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15. 1. X. Zhou, T. Guo and Y. Ma, "An overview on microgrid technology," 2015 IEEE International Conference on
Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2015, pp. 76-81, doi: 10.1109/ICMA.2015.7237460.
2. B. S. Hartono, Y. Budiyanto and R. Setiabudy, "Review of microgrid technology," 2013 International Conference on QiR,
2013, pp. 127-132, doi: 10.1109/QiR.2013.6632550.
3. https://nptel.ac.in/noc/courses/noc18/SEM2/noc18-ee35
4. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/107/108107143/
REFERENCES
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16. THANKYOU
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Akash Bhat