3. OVER-CAPITALISATION
When a company fails to earn adequately over the capital
invested.
A company is said to be over capitalised when its earnings are
not large enough to yield a fair return on the amount of
stocks and bonds that have been issued. – C.W. Gerstenberg
DEBT and EQUITY > Net worth of Assets
4. EXAMPLE
Company A Company B
Investment 50,00,000 60,00,000
Return 5,00,000 5,00,000
Rate of Return 10% 8.334%
8. 1. PLOUGHING BACK OF PROFITS
2. REDEMPTION OF PREFERENCE SHARES
3. REDUCTION IN THE RATE OF INTEREST OF DEBENTURES
4. FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY
5. REDUCTION IN NUMBER OF SHARES
6. REDUCING PAR VALUE OF SHARES
9. UNDER-
CAPITALISATION
It is the reverse of over-capitalisation.
When any concern earns extra ordinarily high over
its capital, then it is called under-capitalisation.
The company distributes dividend at a high rate.
Real value of shares is greater than its book value.
10. EXAMPLE
LIABILITIE
S
Amt. ASSETS Amt.
Share
Capital
12 lacs Fixed
Assets
14 lacs
Debentures 5 lacs Current
Assets
13 lacs
Current
Liab
10 lacs
27 lacs 27 lacs
LIABILITIE
S
Amt. ASSETS Amt.
Share
Capital
12 lacs Fixed
Assets
19 lacs
Debentures 5 lacs Current
Assets
8 lacs
Current
Liab
10 lacs
27 lacs 27 lacs
OVER CAPITALISATION UNDER CAPITALISATION
14. REMEDIES
1. SPLITTING UP OF SHARES
2. ISSUE OF BONUS SHARES
3. INCREASE IN PAR VALUE OF SHARES
4. ISSUE OF NEW SHARES
15. Conclusion
Over capitalisation and under capitalisation
are the symptoms of long term disease and
not the result of working of one or two
years. Both are harmful for the concern, but
between the two under capitalisation is the
lesser evil.
Still both should be discouraged and the
ideal should be fair capitalisation.