This document outlines basic principles of first aid, including: 1) First aid involves immediate procedures performed on accident victims until professional medical care arrives. 2) Rescuers must ensure their own safety first before providing aid and should use protective equipment if exposure to blood is possible. 3) The key steps to providing first aid are: assessing the situation, calling for help, securing the area, providing CPR if needed, and waiting for emergency responders to arrive.

1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PROVIDING FRIST AID

2. Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident First aid is a set of simple, immediate procedures performed on victims of accidents, disasters and sudden life-or health-threatening problems until professional medical care is provided. DEFINITION OF FIRST AID The scope of the aid includes emergency activities possible to perform by persons who have no formal medical education, with the several simple, generally accessible means.

11. ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM’S CONDITION – PROCEEDINGS Check whether the v i ctim is conscious Check whether the victim is breathing Ask if he/ she is injured, what hurts, and then try to dress possible bleeding. Begin the rescue breathing and closed-chest cardiac Place the victim in the safe position, unless he/ she has some injuries which require to be dressed YES YES NO NO Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident

13. ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM’S CONDITION – PROCEEDINGS Check whether the vctim is conscious Check whether the victim is breathing Ask if he/ she is injured, what hurts, and then try to dress possible bleeding. Begin the rescue breathing and closed-chest cardiac Place the victim in the safe position, unless he/ she has some injuries which require to be dressed YES YES NO NO Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident

14. SAFE POSITION If the victim is unconscious but his/ her breathing is regular, try to place him/ her on his/ her side in the safe position (as long as he/ she does not have any other body injuries requiring to be dressed immediately). The lateral position makes natural respiratory tract’s clearance possible and it prevents from potential choking with stomach’s contents while vomiting. Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident

15. PLACING THE VICTIM IN THE SAFE POSITION Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident

16. ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM’S CONDITION – PROCEEDINGS Check whether the victim is conscious Check whether the victim is breathing. Ask if he/ she is injured, what hurts, and then try to dress possible bleeding. Begin the rescue breathing and closed-chest cardiac massage Place the victim in the safe position, unless he/ she has some injuries which require to be dressed YES YES NO NO Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident

19. CLOSED-CHEST CARDIAC MASSAGE If the victim is unconscious, does not breathe and his/ her pulse is not perceptible, closed-chest cardiac massage should be started. The point of the compression in the closed-chest cardiac massage. To do this, uncover victim’s chest, determine where the upper middle part of the sternum and the angle under the ribs is. Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident

20. Pressure should be exerted perpendicularly to the chest, with arms straightened out. Fingers bent back. Hands should be placed on the lower tip of the sternum and you should rhythmically press down the sternum about 3-5 cm towards the backbone. Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident CLOSED-CHEST CARDIAC MASSAGE

21. After each 30 compressions of the chest, make 2 insufflations. The frequency of compressions should be 100 per minute. Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident CLOSED-CHEST CARDIAC MASSAGE 30 x 2 x

25. THERMAL BURNS Burns should be cooled with (as much as possible) cold water and then covered with a ster i le dre s sing. Remember!!! You should not apply any ointments or creams on burns, and should not rinse them with any disinfectant (no spirit!); also, you should not tear off any scraps of clothes, cut blisters or use any animal or vegetable ‘mixtures’. Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident

28. FAINTING In case of fainting (a short loss of consciousness), if breathing and the pulse are perceptible, both lower and upper limbs of the victim should be lifted for a dozen of seconds. If this does not bring the expected result, help should be called and the victim should be placed in the lateral position and attentively observed. Principles of providing first aid and procedures in case of an accident

29. Thank you for choosing our presentation. We hope that the presented materials will bring closer the topic connected with occupational health and safety and will allow you to complete the test correctly. Our consultants are available under one of the following numbers: (22) 824-03-66 (22) 668-97-94

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