1. Akumengwa Neba N
MPH student
University of Buea
HS12A001
1
LAND
APPLICATION (MANURE)

2. Outline
2
 Application Rates
 Spreading Considerations
 Timing Considerations
 Odour Management

3. Why apply manure on land?
3
 Method of recycling a natural, organic
byproduct.
 Fertilizer for crop production in
sustainable agriculture
. Decrease costs of crop production.

4. What happens when manure is not
properly managed?
4
 Damage to crops.
 Risk of pollution.
 Little benefit from fertilizer property.
 Much of a good thing becomes a
problems

5. Value of manure to the soil..
5
 Apart from nutrient to plants,
Improve soil tilth
Structure
Aeration and water holding properties

6. Maximize manure nutrient utilization
by crops i
6
 sufficient land base for manure
spreading
 Test soil and manure for nutrient levels
 Determine release rates for nutrients in
manure
 Calculate crop nutrient demands
 Prevent loss of nutrients through surface

7. Maximize manure nutrient utilization
by crops ii
7
 Reduce the loss of nitrogen to the
atmosphere
 Minimize soil compaction and problems
with soil structure
 Prevent leaching of nitrates into
groundwater
 Prevent waterways pollution by manure

8. Application Rates i
8
 Determine by overall nutrient
management plan
don’t try to provide all nutrients for a
crop with manure
o may not release nutrients at the right
balance and time.
o inadequate composition to meet crop

9. Application Rates ii
9
 Test the macro-nutrient content of
manure.
(nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium)
 Test the soil to determine nutrient
levels
 Know the nutrient needs of the crop
being grown
 Provide 75% of the required nitrogen
with manure

10. Application Rates iii
10
 While the nitrogen requirement determines
the amount of manure to apply,
 Applying manure every year. may lead to
excessive levels of phosphorus and other
elements
 Long-term benefits increase if manure is
spread over larger areas.
( The need for adequate land)

11. Application Rates iv
11
 Unless both soil and manure tests
proves no risk of reaching excessive
nutrient levels
 The ability of soil to soak up liquid
determines the rate of liquid manure
application
 Tillage before application may help if

12. Spreading Considerations i
12
• Mix manure and soil as soon as possible after
spreading to
 minimize odour
pollution from runoff
maximum fertilizer benefits
• 24 hours is recommended for surface applied
manure be

13. Spreading Considerations ii
13
 liquid manure injected directly into soils is
recommended and best done
before preparing the seed bed
 during the cropping season.
 Nutrients are readily available to growing
plants.
 Don’t apply manure under wet soil
condition in order to avoid soil compaction

14. Spreading Considerations iii
14
 Prevent manure from getting into any
watercourse.
 Don’t spread manure within,
30 meters (100 ft) of a watercourse on slopes
less than 5%
60 meters (200 ft) of a watercourse on slopes
greater than 5%

15. Timing Considerations
15
 Best to apply manure before, or early in, the
growth stage of any crop
 forms of nitrogen are available immediately to
plants
 nutrients in organic form may be released
throughout the growing season
• If manure is spread late in the growing period or
after the growing season
 reduced benefit to the crop
 increased risk of nitrate leaching to groundwater
or surface runoff contaminating watercourses

16. Odour management i
16
• Manure spreading causes nuisance
odour
• The following management practices
minimizes the possibility of complaints
 clean and well maintained transport
equipment will ensure that manure is not
deposited on public roads.
 do not overload equipment.
 if a spill occurs, clean the road
promptly.:

17. Odour management ii
17
avoid transporting manure on public roads
during
o high traffic such as rush hours
o before and after work,
o during lunch break
check the weather conditions before
spreading.
best weather for spreading
o sunny days with windy, cloudy nights.

18. Odour management iii
18
• Rain removes odours from the air
• Worst conditions are,
 damp, humid weather with light
winds
• Spread in the morning when air is
warming and rising, rather than late
in the afternoon
• Consider the implications of
spreading on holidays and
weekends when neighbours are

19. Odour management iv
19
 Notifying neighbours prior to spreading
on adjacent properties is a “good
neighbour” policy
 The first 12 to 48 hours after spreading
are the worst period for odours.
 Odours could last up to 10 days, with
very heavy application rates
 Spread and till with soil method or
injecting into soil reduce the release of
odours

20. Odour management v
20
 With injection, odours are less detectable at 70
meters
(230 ft) than they are at 400 meters (1,300 ft)
from surface
applied manure
• To prevent fly propagation.
apply composted manure to pastures and hay
fields

21. Odour management vi
21
 Keep the discharge height of the slurry
as low as possible to reduce odours
during land application.
• Choose discharge methods that are
most effective for odour control.
 Dribble bars or booms
- Bottom discharge tanker
- Top discharge tanker

22. Bibliography..
22
 Agriculture Canada and Ontario.Ministry
of Agriculture and Food. Best
Management Practices. Livestock and
poultry waste management. Toronto:
OMAF:1994.

23. THANKS FOR YOUR
KIND
ATTENTION
23