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Child neglect & abuse
1. Kırşehir Ahi Evran Üniversitesi
Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
CHILD NEGLECT & ABUSE
Prepared by :
Alı Falh abdlhasan
201217154
Supervised by :
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi HİLAL SEKİ ÖZ
2. What is Child Abuse ?
Child Abuse is something or failing to do
something that results in harm to a child or
puts a child at risk of harm.
3. Definition
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines child
abuse and child maltreatment as
"all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment,
sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or
commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or
potential harm to the child's health, survival,
development or dignity in the context of a relationship
of responsibility, trust or power’’.
4. Definition
The United States federal Child Abuse Prevention
and Treatment Act defines child abuse and
neglect as, at minimum
"any recent act or failure to act on the part of a
parent or caretaker which results in death serious
physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or
exploitation" and/or "an act or failure to act which
presents an imminent risk of serious harm’’.
5. Statistic
National statistics state that about 53% children are
abused. The highest number of cases were reported in
Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Assam, Andhra Pradesh and
Bihar.
6. Types of Child abuse
• Physical Abuse
• Sexual Abuse
• Emotional/Psychological Abuse
• Neglect
8. Physical Abuse
Physical abuse is the injury by other than accidental
means of a child under 18 years of age which is the
result of actions by a parent, guardian, or other
designated (temporary or permanent) caretaker.
The injuries inflicted are intentional and not
accidental.
• Some result from punishment that is inappropriate
for the child’s age ,condition, or level of
development.
• Some result from a parent’s frustration and lack of
control in acting out anger.
9. Battered Child Syndrome
• A severe form of physical abuse.
• First described by Kempe in 1962.
• Battered child syndrome is the collection of injuries
sustained by a child as a result of repeated
mistreatment or beating.
• Bruises, lacerations , burns and fractures are
commonly inflicted injuries.
• The major trait of the caretakers is either a lack of an
explanation for critical injuries or explanations that
does not account for the severity of injuries.
10. Munchausen syndrome
• MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME is a psychological disorder in
which the person fabricates the symptoms or injury in
order to undergo medical tests, hospitalization or even
medical or surgical treatment , when she/he is not really
sick.
11. Munchausen syndrome
• Described by Dr. Richard Asher in 1951.
• In cases of Munchausen syndrome by proxy , a parent or
caretaker attempts to bring medical attention to
themselves by injuring or inducing illness in their
children.
• It describes children who are victims of parentally
fabricated or induced illness.
• The term was coined by Dr. Roy Meadow.
12. Shaken baby syndrome
First reported by Guthkelch in 1971.
• Seen primarily in children 18 months of age or younger.
• The infant’s head is shaken vigorously forward and
backward hitting the chest and shoulders.
• Symptoms are:
Retinal hemorrhage, Subdural or subarachnoid
hematomas , Breathing difficulties
,Seizures/Unconsciousness.
14. Child sexual abuse
Sexual abuse is the misuse of a child for sexual
pleasure or gratification
• It is of two types.
1) Out -of-house abuse
2) In-house abuse(Incest)
• Sexual abuse has the potential to interfere with
child’s normal healthy development, both
emotionally and physically.
15. Effects of sexual assault
• Guilt
• Flashbacks/nightmares/Insomnia
• Fear of things associated with the abuse (including objects, smells,
places, doctor's visits, etc.),
• Low self-esteem
16. Effects of sexual assault
• Sexual dysfunction,
• Self-injury
• Suicidal tendency
• Depression, anxiety , bulimia nervosa
• Increased risk of sexually transmitted infections
20. Neglect
It is the failure or lack of prudent care for a child's
wellbeing through lack of adequate supervision, food,
clothing, shelter, education or medical care.
It may not produce visible signs, and it usually occurs
over a period of time.
Physical abuse tends to be episodic, neglect tends to be
chronic. ABUSE IS AN ACT OF COMMISSION,NEGLECT
IS AN ACT OF OMISSION.
22. Nutritional Neglect
Failure to thrive refers to an underweight,
malnourished condition in a child has a weight that is
below the 3rd or 5th percentile for their age and/or
whose growth has fallen off precipitously and crossed
two major growth percentiles.
23. Nutritional Neglect
Failure to thrive:
• The infants have gaunt faces, prominent ribs, wasted
buttocks, and spindly extremities and is expressed in first
two years of life.
• The causes of failure to thrive are estimated as 30%
organic, 20% underfeeding due to understandable error
and 50% underfeeding from parental neglect.
24. Neglecting health care
When a child with a treatable chronic disease has
serious deterioration of the condition because the
parents or caretakers repeatedly ignore healthcare
recommendations, healthcare neglect occurs.
It occurs in situations where an emergency exists and
the parents/caretakers will not acknowledge it much.
Refusals because of religious beliefs also lead to
healthcare neglect.
25. Neglected teeth
Dental neglect, as defined by the American Academy of
Pediatric Dentistry(2003), is the “ failure of parent or
guardian to seek and follow through with treatment
necessary to ensure a level of oral health essential for
adequate function and freedom from pain and
infection.”
26. Neglected teeth
Dental caries, periodontal diseases, and other oral
conditions, if left untreated, can lead to pain, infection,
and loss of function.
These undesirable outcomes can adversely affect
learning, communication, nutrition, and other activities
necessary for normal growth and development.
27. Neglecting safety
Safety neglect occurs when injury results from
lack of supervision. These situations usually
involves children younger than 4 years of age,
when it is important that parents directly
supervise them. This leads to injuries like burns,
poisonings, falls because children are not being
watched.
28. Emotional neglect
Emotional neglect is a failure to notice, attend to,
or respond appropriately to a child's feelings.
It is ,in some ways, the opposite of mistreatment
and abuse. Whereas mistreatment and abuse are
parental acts, emotional neglect is a parent's
failure to act.
29. Physical neglect
Failure to care for children according to
accepted or appreciated standard.
This is usually coaxial with physical abuse and
involves presentation of child with unkempt
hair, dirty or insufficient clothing, incomplete
immunization, unsanitary home environment
and inadequate after-school supervision.