محاضرات اليوم الاول من المحاضرات التأهيلية لاختبارات الوظائف الحكومية

2. The entire carcase
is condemned in one
case of the following

3. Types of T.B.
Localized T.B. with emaciation
(This mean that T.B. is the direct cause of
emaciation)
Generalized T.B.
(T.B. is said to be generalized when there is
evidence of recent invasion of the arterial
blood )

4. The entire carcase, organs, viscera ,
should be condemned
such evidences are:
1-heavy miliary T.B. of both lungs:
Acute military T.B. mean heavy invasion of blood stream
with tubercle bacilli occur in
*Early generalization during primary infection.
*Acute late generalization.
In such case . miliary T.B. not only found in lungs but
also found in kidney ,spleen……etc
The affected lungs are oedematus and emphyse-
matous with infection in apical L.n.
the miliary T.B .found on the surface, In lung tissues and
beneath the visceral pleura.

5. 2-multiple and actively progressive
lesions of T.B.
Lesions of T.B. should multiple and actively Progressive
…..for total Condemnation……..This assumed If:
 a) There is a congestion in the surrounding tissues
 b) The regional L.ns……. enlarged and oedematous
 c) An older caseous focus………… surrounded with
several small millet –sized lesions
 d) Breakdown lesions are dotted with small
haemorrhages with enlarged L.n w has either miliary
T.B. or stellate radiation

6. 3-wide spread infection of the
carcase L. ns
For T.C. of the carcase……..lesions in carcase L.ns
should be acute infiltrative and caseous in nature this
mean that T.B. present in blood and muscles
If lesions are chronic…. encapsulation and
calcification, this indicate absence of bacilli from the
muscles.
For T.C. of carcase there must be
 a)2 or more carcase L.ns. have T.B.
 b) 2 or more carcase L.ns not confined to thoracic or
abdominal cavity.
 c) Lesions are acute.

7. 4-diffuse acute lesions of both pleura and
peritoneum ass. with an enlarged or T.B.
carcase L.ns
Acute T.B. infection of pleura & peritoneum……red
velvety granulation.
Although in most cases, the condition is not caused by a
haemotagenous spread.
This condition become active ,if ass. with the presence of
bacilli in the muscles.
Chronic lesions……..pearly from( less important) ……..
muscles are free form T.B.

8. 5-T.B lesions in the respiratory and
digestive tracts
where in addition to the presence of T.B lesions in
the respiratory and digestive tracts .
There are also active lesions in the substance of any two
of the following spleen, kidney, udder, uterus, ovary,
testicle, brain ,spinal cord or other membranes.
For T.C. of carcase T.B. should be present in both
respiratory and digestive tracts together with acute or
recent lesions in 2of the said organs.
*If the lesions are acute or recent……..condemned the
carecase.
*If the lesions are chronic………..condemned the
affected organs or parts…….. pass the carcase.

9. 6-congenital T.B
congenital T.B………… followed haematogenous
spread………… Generalized nature.
Congenital T.B. spread via the faetus from primary infect.
Of
faetal liver by blood stream
Lymph nodes are enlarged +caseated with out formation
of
T.B. nodules.
Liver infect … peritoneum by lymmphatics on post aspect
Diaphragm infect by…… the thoracic cavity give…..
lesions
In post mediastinal L.ns ,brsnchial L.ns ,lungs and rarely
pleura
The affection to be congenital, there must be
1- lesions with out calcification in splenic substance,
liver,
kidney and parotid L.n.
2- the age of the calf less than 14 days.

10. Differential diagnosis
A-Bacterial infection
1-Johne’s disease
Caused by an acid fast bacillus (Johne’s bacillus)
ccc. by much thickening and corragation of the
intestinal mucous membrane
The condition is locally confined to the affected intestine
and mesenteric l.ns with out purulent or caseous foci
Johne’s bacillus can not inoculated into G. pig or rabbits
and vica versa in T.B

11. Differential diagnosis
2-actinomycosis or actinobacillosis
It is difficult to differentiate two conditions from T.B., if no
lesions in tongue or maxilla.
Early lesions appear as shot like ,glistening hard
projecting nodules at the prephary of the node
L.ns are firmer…………. white fibrous C.T.
Microscopic examination………. Actinobac. Ligner.
……… Actinomyces bovis.

12. Differential diagnosis
3-bacillary necrosis of the liver
ccc. by abcence of lesions from portal L.ns.
4-metastatic supurative foci in the organ s due to
pyaemia
*ccc. by absence of caseation and caseation and
calcification
*absence of T.B lesion in L.n & presence of pyaemic
symptoms
5-corynebacterium infection in pigs
*T.B like changes in the submaxillry L.n of pig
*Lesions appear as small yellow, necrotic foci surrounded
by C.T. The affection is caused by corynebacterium equi
Judgment ………….remove the affected L.n. only

13. Differential diagnosis
6-Brucella suis infection in pigs
Ccc. by originate in the inter –vertebral space
as sacro-lumber regions and extend to bodies of the
vertebrae
Rarely occur in the carcase l.ns
There is no involvement of the visceral organs
7-nodular necrosis
Cheesy necrotic foci in superficial muscle, specially tail
it does not involve the viscera and l.ns
T.B. is rarely in muscles

14. Differential diagnosis
B-Parasitic affection
1-Degenerated cysts (Echinococci) :
Ccc. by caseous or gritty centers can be easily squeezed
out leaving intact cyst
L.ns are free from any lesions
Microscopically examamination…………. hooklets
2-linguatula
Larvae found in l.n with greenish degenerated mass

15. Anthrax
It is septicaemic disease→ affect all animals +man
Infection most common among butcher →wounds or
abrasion →malignant pastille red swollen finger or →by
inhalation →wool sorter’s disease.
Judgment:
*all infected animals or suspected one →destroyed at six
feet deep →burning or burial
*condemn the hides, fat, blood and internal organs
*condemn the other carcases slaughtered in same hall

16. Actinobocillosis (wooden- tongue(
*it caused by Actinobocillus lignieresi bacteria
*lesions are most common in tongue and
muscles of the jaw appear as fibrous tumors
with purulent foci.
Judgment:
*the man →cannot infected via meat.
*condemn the effected organs → head ,stomach or liver.

17. Actionmycosis (lumpy Jaw(
*Caused by Ray fungus (Actinomycis bovis) →in
cattle →Lumpy Jaw In pigs →chronic mastitis in
saws
*The man can acquired infection from same sources in
nature that animals acquire it →not from meat ,accidental
, inoculation or animals
Judgment
In cattle→ condemn the affected organs
In saws → condemn the affected portion of mammary
gland

18. Caseous lymphedenitis
Chronic disease of sheep →caused by corynebactrium-
pseudo tuberculosis .
*Ccc. by Caseous purulent foci →in organs & L.ns
Judgment :
*condemn the affected parts
*Condemn whole carcass if generalized or associated
with emaciation

19. Contagions bovine pleuro-
pneumonia
*It is a contagious disease the of cattle →Sudanese
breeds
*Ccc .by chronic inflammation of the lungs and pleura .
The lung undergo necrosis and encapsulation but without
gangrene
Judgment
*condemn the affected lung.
*Total condemnation of the carcase → if associated with
fever

20. Foot and mouth disease
(aphthus fever(
It is in acute and highly contagious disease of cloven
animals
Disease →trans .to man through consumption of milk
and milk product but not through consumption of meat
Due to a powerful destroying effect of lactic acid
on the virus
The disease →common among butcher through wounds
or abrasions of their hands → during slaughter or
skinning

21. Foot and mouth disease
(aphthus fever(
Judgment :
*if there is no fever→ condemn the head, stomach,
intestines, lungs, udder and feets.
*The carcase should be passed after 24hrs.
*Peracute cases → may be passed for food if well bled
In spreading the disease by but danger bone marrow or
other infected tissues.
Can persist in bone marrow for months

22. Rinder pest
Cattle plague is an acute febrile infectious dis.→ cattle
and may be buffaloes ,sheep and goats.
The virus found in blood ,muscles and organs during
the course of the disease.
Judgment
 The flesh of infected cattle is harm less to man after 6
days while in bone marrow after 1month.
 The affected carcase should be condemn due to fever
,emaciation, spread the disease among other animals

23. Rabies
It is a dis. of dogs can infect other animals via biting
Judgment
 Rabies not transmission to man through consumption
of meat. The transmission to man occur by inoculation
during handling of meat.
 Animal without symptoms.→ harmless → pass for
consumption and condemn nerves connected with
udder, pancreas, C.N.S., salivary gland bite.
 Animal with symptoms. → condemn the whole carcase

24. Haemorrhagic septicaemia
It is an infectious and very fatal disease of cattle and
buffalo and may be Pigs and sheep
Judgment
 The disease not transmitted → to man
 But animal infected with disease should be
condemned.

25. Brucellosis
It is cause contagious abortion → in cattle
Infectious abortion → in goat and saw
Brucella suis
Organism in swine give rise to lesions in vertebra and
joints and bursae like T.B.
In spleen form chronic nodular formation up to1/6 inch
in size have yellowish white contents may be tinged
with light green

26. Brucellosis
Br. abortus (undulant fever)→ brucellosis in man
Ccc. by fever with recurrent irregular temperature
infection → occur by drinking milk or inoculation via
handing of infected meat or animals
Does not occur through → consumption the meat of
infected animals

27. Brucellosis
Br. meletensis
Highly infective to man via consumption of goat milk or
products
Air –borne infection from faeces, dust
Via contact with infected flocks
Br. meletensis and Br. Suis are more pathogenic for man
than Br. Abortus

28. Brucellosis
Judgment
Brucella→ easily destroyed by lactic acid still viable for
a short time in the muscles
Brucella can resist the refrigeration for excess one
month
Can resist the pickling and inadequate souking
Carcase affected with brucella pass for consumption
after condemnation of lungs ,liver, spleen, kidney,
intestine, udder, blood and carcase L.ns
Carcase affected with localized lesions of brucellosis
Passed after remove and condemn the affected parts

29. Pox (variola(
*the term variola applied to a class of contagious
diseases.
It is ccc. by fever and vesico-pustular lesions
The blood and lymph are not virulent unless they are
taken from lesions.
By direct inoculation to man → vaccine
Judgment
If carcase slaughtered during develop of pox condemn
If temperature of animal returned to normal+ pox are
healed carcase may pass for food

30. Tetanus (lock jaw(
*It is an acute dis. caused by clostridium tetani
(anaerobic spore forming bacillus)
Judgment
Affected carcase cond. although there are no danger in
cating or handling of infected meat but carcase are
badly bled setting rapidly putrefied.
*Swine diseases
Swine erysipelas + swine fever
*Calf diseases
Calf paratyphoid
Calf dysentery
Calf Diphtheria

31. Rift vally fever (RVF(
RVF or enzootic hepatitis is an acute arthropod born
viral disease that affect several species of animals
mainly sheep, cattle and goats
The disease is caused by an arbo virus of the
phlebotomus fever group
The disease was investigated among sheep of the rift
vally of Kenya.
the virus produces 70-100%mortaqlity in calves and
lambs of less than 7 days of old age but only 10-20%
in adult animals

32. Rift vally fever (RVF(
The most consistent clinical sing in adult animals is
abortion.
In Egypt causing extensive morbidity and mortality in
humans and domestic animals.
Humans become infected especially by contact with
infected animals and carcases.
In some severely affected areas about70% of the human
population wear infected with signs of encephalitis,
blindness and hemorrhagic fever at least
about 200.000clinical cases showed the symptoms
amongst them 600 deaths occurred.

33. Rift vally fever (RVF(
*In natural infection, the blood as well as the liver and
spleen contained the virus at the time of fever or death
*Also the only sign of the disease in many ewes is
abortion
*The primary lesion in RVF is focal hepatic necrosis
Judgment
Total condemnation of RVF carcase.