Presented by: Aberion, Mae TRAVEL MANAGEMENT

1. 7 Wonders of
the Ancient
World
By: Mae Caissa H. Aberion

2. Great Pyramid OF Giza
(also known as the Pyramid of Khufu)

3. • the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid
complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt.
• the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
• the only one to remain largely intact.
• was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years.
• was built as a tomb for Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu.
• four faces of the pyramid are slightly concave, the only pyramid to have been
built this way.

4. PASSAGE

6. Hanging Garden of Babylon
is the only one whose location has not
been definitively established.

8. • the only one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world that may not even
have existed.
• most popular theory is that the gardens were built by king Nebuchadnezzar II
to make his wife happy.
• If the gardens actually existed, it would have taken 8,200 gallons of water each
day to keep the plants watered.
• gardens were thought to be about 75 feet high.
• Many believe that if the gardens did exist they would have been located south
of Bagdad in Iraq.
• Some historians and archaeologists believe that the gardens did exist and
were destroyed by war and erosion.
• Some believe it was earthquakes that eventually devastated and destroyed
the gardens.
• In the ‘Hanging Gardens', the plants did not actually hang. They grew from
many different levels of terraces (similar to balconies).
• The word ‘hanging' comes from the Latin word ‘pensilis' or the translation of
the Greek word ‘kremastos'. It actually means overhanging instead of just
hanging.

9. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.
also known less precisely as the Temple of Diana.

10. ARTEMIS
was an Olympian God, the daughter of Zeus
and Leto. She was the goddess of the
moon, and the goddess of the hunt. She
was also the twin sister of Apollo.

11. • also known as the Temple of Diana.
• first temple was built in approximately 800 BC.
• The first temple was destroyed in the 7th century. Reconstruction began in
550 BC. It took about 10 years to rebuild it.
• Some historians say it was destroyed due to a flood. Others believe it was due
to war.
• second temple was approximately four times larger in area than the previous
one, rebuilt on the same site.
• second time the temple was destroyed it was burned to the ground by
Herostratus. He set the fire to make himself famous. It backfired because
anyone who spoke his name was then sentenced to death.
• temple was used at different times as a house of worship and as a
marketplace.
• third temple lasted for about 600 years. When it was destroyed by the Goths
in 268 A.D., it was never rebuilt.
• One of the reasons it was not rebuilt was because the cost of construction
would have been too high.
• The site where the temple once stood is now a swamp.

12. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia,
Greece.
was about 42 feet tall.

13. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia
was created by a sculptor
named Phidias. It took him 12
years, from 430 to 422 BC, to
complete the statue. Zeus was
considered the king of the
Greek gods and this
magnificent statue was created
to honor him. It was placed in
the Temple at Olympia, a shrine
to Zeus where Olympic Games
took place every four years. The
statue was destroyed by fire in
the fifth century A.D

14. • Olympic Games were held every four years in honor of Zeus.
• Zeus was considered to be the ‘Father of gods and men'. He was the king of
all the other gods.
• was about 42 feet tall.
• was made of a wooden frame and covered in ivory and gold panels.
• The size of the Statue of Zeus was so large that if Zeus stood up he would
have put his head through the roof of the temple.
• was destroyed by fire in the fifth century A.D. and there were no copies ever
found. All the details of the statue today are taken from depictions on coins
and ancient Greek descriptions.
• was damaged by an earthquake in 170 BC but it was repaired.
• Archaeologists discovered Phidias' workshop in the 1950s. During their
excavation they found the tools that he used to create the Statue of Zeus at
Olympia.

15. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.

16. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was
built by Artemisia after her husband
Mausolus died. Mausolus and Artemisia
had ruled over Halicarnassus and the
region surrounding it for 24 years. When
Mausolus died in 353 BC, Artemisia was
reported to have been so broken-
hearted she hired the most talented
artists to create the most magnificent
tomb in the world. The finished tomb
was 147 feet tall and sat on a hill
overlooking Halicarnassus.

17. • city of Halicarnassus where Mausolus and Artemisia ruled is now known as
Bodrum, Turkey.
• word mausoleum originates from the name Mausolus. The term mausoleum
became the name used for tombs built above ground from that time on.
• Mausolus' wife Artemisia was also his sister. It was common in those days for
rulers to marry their sisters.
• Artemisia hired famous Greek artists to build the tomb. Two Greek architects
Pytheos and Satyros designed the shape of the tomb. There were also a
variety of artists who contributed various cultural influences to the tomb,
including Greek, Lycian and Egyptian.
• Artemisia died two years after Mausolus, before the tomb was completed.
• Most of the mausoleum was made of marble. It was surrounded by a
courtyard.
• A staircase was built leading up the platform where the mausoleum stood.
There were stone lions flanking the staircase.
• The mausoleum was raided by crusaders in approximately 1522 and any
treasures or the bodies of Mausolus and Artemisia were gone.
• The Antipater of Sidon, who was in charge of listing the Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World, chose to include the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. His reason
was that he considered it to be an aesthetic triumph.

19. The Colossus of Rhodes

20. The Colossus of Rhodes is a statue that was built on the Greek
island of Rhodes between 292 and 280 BC. The statue was a
depiction of the Greek Titan Helios and was meant to celebrate
their victory over the ruler of Cyprus in 305 BC. At 98.4 feet high,
the Colossus of Rhodes was one of the tallest statues of the
ancient world. It only stood for 56 years until it was destroyed by
an earthquake in 226 BC. When the ruler of Cyprus was defeated
they left behind much of their equipment. The Rhodians sold the
equipment and used the money to build the Colossus of Rhodes

21. • The Statue of Liberty has been referred to as the ‘Modern Colossus'. The
Colossus of Rhodes was approximately 98.4 feet tall and Statue of Liberty
stands at 111 feet, 6 inches, from her heel to the top her head
• stood on a 50 foot high white marble pedestal.
• Both the Colossus of Rhodes and the Statue of Liberty were built as
symbols to freedom.
• built in busy harbours.
• took 12 years to complete.
• was destroyed in an earthquake in 226 BC, but pieces of the statue lay
where it fell for centuries afterwards.
• It was reported that it took approximately 900 camels to carry away all the
scrap metal.

22. The Lighthouse at
Alexandria, Egypt.

23. The Lighthouse of Alexandria was the first
lighthouse in the world. Construction began in
290 BC and took twenty years to complete.
When it was done it was the tallest building in
the world at the time, except for the Great
Pyramid. It was built on the island of Pharos, to
help guide trade ships into its busy harbor at
Alexandria, Egypt. The lighthouse was damaged
by several earthquakes and eventually became
an abandoned ruin. In 1994 some of the
remains of the lighthouse were discovered by
French archaeologists in Alexandria's Eastern
Harbor.

26. • also known as the Pharos of Alexandria.
• The city Alexandria was named by Alexander the Great. It was one
of 17 cities that he named after himself, but Alexandria was one of
the few to survive. It is still a prosperous city today.
• was built beginning in 290 BC, many years after Alexander the
Great's death.
• Ptolemy Soter was the ruler of Egypt who decided to build the
lighthouse to guide sailors into the port.
• In today's money it would have cost about three million dollars to
build. In 290 BC it cost 800 talents (the form of money in this time).
• thought to have been constructed of limestone blocks.
• was approximately 450 feet tall.
• Inside the lighthouse there were stairs that allowed people to
climb to the beacon chamber.
• was the third longest to survive.
• Today the city of Alexandria uses the symbol of the lighthouse on
the flag of the Alexandria Governorate as well as on their seal. It
also appears on the seal of Alexandria University.

27. The 7 Wonders
of Medieval
Period

28. Stonehenge
is a prehistoric monument

29. Stonehenge is located in Wiltshire,
England, and is one of the most
recognizable and famous sites in the
world. Stonehenge consists of a ring of
standing stones that have fascinated
archaeologists, historians and the general
public for many years. There are many
different theories about when it was built,
but most agree it was between 2000 and
3000 BC. Today Stonehenge is on the list
of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and it is
one of the Seven Wonders of the Medieval
World.

31. • the Stonehenge monument itself is managed by English Heritage and
owned by the Crown.
• the most well-known of over 900 stone ring monuments in the British
Isles.
• Some people believe that aliens built Stonehenge but there has not been
any proof of this theory. Stonehenge is often referred to when people
discuss crop circles.
• Some of the more common theories about Stonehenge include: it was a
religious place to worship; it was used for human sacrifice; it was a place
of burial and cremation.
• Some believe that the tall stones are actually grave markers.
• Some people believe that Stonehenge is actually a giant clock.
• was built at least 300 years before the Egyptians built the pyramids
• Visitors to Stonehenge used to be able to touch the stones but most of
the time today they are roped off.

32. Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa
a historical archaeological site located in Alexandria, Egypt.

33. The Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa is
one of the Seven Wonders of the
Medieval Ages. It is located in
Alexandria, Egypt and is a historical
archaeological site. The catacombs
consist of several Alexandrian tombs.
Although it was originally intended as
a burial chamber for only one family, it
was expanded to allow for many other
people. These underground tunnels
were built around the 2nd century
A.D. and still exist today.

34. • was used as a burial ground from the 2nd to the 4th centuries A.D.
• means Mound of Shards. The reason for this name is that there used to
mounds of terra cotta shards. These shards were once jars and other clay
objects brought into the tombs by visitors. The visitors bring food and wine
to consume during their visit but did not want to bring the dishes home.
Instead of taking them from the ‘place of death' they would break them
and leave them behind.
• built using ancient world ‘rock-cut technology'. The tombs were essential
tunneled into the bedrock. The three levels of the Catacombs were cut
through solid rock.
• The Catacombs are in very good shape today because they were covered
for so many years and left undisturbed.
• The third level (lowest) of the Catacombs is under water today.
• reach 100 feet down into the ground into solid rock.
• the Catacombs were discovered by accident. A donkey lost its footing and
fell in through an access shaft. Excavators had been searching for the
Catacombs since 1892 but had no luck until the donkey had his mishap.
• It's been said that the Catacombs are evidence of three cultures, religions
and art that came together on Egyptian soil.

35. Porcelain Tower of Nanjing
considered to be one of the most
beautiful temple towers in all of China

36. The Porcelain Tower of Nanjing is a pagoda built
during the Ming Dynasty in the 15th century. The
tower was designed by the Chinese Emperor Yong
Le. It gets its name because it was built with
porcelain bricks. The top three stories were
destroyed by lightning in 1801 but it was soon
restored. In the 1850s most of it was destroyed
during the Taiping Rebellion. A Chinese
businessman named Wang Jianlin donated the
equivalent of $156 million U.S. to reconstruct the
Porcelain Tower of Nanjing.

37. • also known as Bao'ensi which means ‘Temple of Repaid Gratitude'.
• one of the Seven Wonders of the Medieval Ages. It also believed to be the
youngest of these seven wonders.
• built as a Buddhist place of worship. It was also thought that it was meant to
honor Emperor Yong Le's parents, but some think it was only for his mother.
• was also a place of pilgrimage until its destruction.
• was nine stories tall and had an interior staircase that was 184 steps.
• top of the tower was adorned with a golden sphere. Some descriptions
compared it to a pineapple.
• At night the tower was lit with over 100 hanging lamps.
• The site where the tower once stood has been cleaned up in preparation for
reconstruction of the Porcelain Tower of Nanjing

38. Hagia Sophia
is a great architectural beauty

39. Hagia Sophia began as a church, later becoming
a mosque, and today serves as a museum in
Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia was designed with
a very large dome, and is said to have changed
the history of architecture. Until the Seville
Cathedral was built in 1520, Hagia Sophia had
been the largest cathedral in the world for
almost 1000 years. In 1931, after having been a
mosque since 1453, Hagia Sophia was closed to
the public. It remained closed for four years until
the Republic of Turkey reopened it as a
museum.
Interior of Hagia Sophia

40. • Sophia is the Greek word for wisdom. The full name of Hagia Sophia
in Greek is ‘Shrine of the Holy Wisdom of God'.
• was dedicated to Logos. This was the second person in the Holy
Trinity. This dedication occurred on the anniversary of the birth of
Christ, December 25th.
• the third Church of the Holy Wisdom to have been built on the site.
The two that were built earlier were destroyed due to rioting.
• When the church was turned into a mosque they removed the alter,
the bells, iconostasis, as well as the sacrificial vessels.
• was the focal point of the Eastern Orthodox Church for 1000 years.
• In the museum today there are both Islamic and Christian influences
and features
• Because of the forty windows in Hagia Sophia it has become famous
for the mystical light that reflects about the nave (the area where
worshipers sit).
• was designed by a physicist, a mathematician and a scientist.
• visible for miles across the Sea of Mamara.
• There are stone cannonballs outside the entrance to Hagia Sophia.
They are not simply stone statues. They were actually used by
Mehmet the Conquerer in the 1453 battle to save the city (he was
victorious).
• Work on Hagia Sophia continues today, depending on funding and
available resources.

41. Leaning Tower of Pisa
is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower.

42. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a freestanding bell tower
located in the city of Pisa in Italy. Like its name suggest, it
actually does lean to one side. The tower started to lean
during construction because the foundation was built on
soft ground that had difficulty supporting the weight. The
lean became worse as construction continued for several
decades. Between 1990 and 2001 it was stabilized and the
lean was partially fixed.

43. • is a circular shape and has eight floors. The 7 bells are located on the eighth floor.
• In Italian the Leaning Tower of Pisa is Torre pendente di Pisa.
• was built as a freestanding bell tower for the cathedral in Pisa.
• On the side where the tower is lower because of the lean it stands at 187.27 feet. On
the high side of the tower it stands at 186 feet.
• The tower weighs about 14,500 tons. That's a lot of weight for a building to have to
support when it has been leaning since it was built.
• There are approximately 294 steps on the north side and 296 steps on the south side of
the tower.
• took 344 years to build, beginning in August 1173.
• began to lean in 1178 once construction on the second floor had begun. The lean was
due to one side sinking into the soft ground.
• construction was stopped twice, the first time for 100 years, the second time in 1284.
Both times it was due to wars.
• Inside the tower there are seven bells. Each bell represents one note of the musical
major scale.
• Nobody seems to be able to pinpoint the identity of who the actual original architect
really was.
• became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. Also included in this designation were
the cathedral, cemetery and the baptistery.
• Some people have suggested that the tower should be straightened. The people have
Pisa had said they would rather see it fall over than be straightened. After all, how could
you call it the Leaning Tower of Pisa if it didn't lean?

44. 7 wonders of
the World

45. Christ Redeemer

46. Christ the Redeemer is a statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil that
was built as a symbol of Brazilian Christianity. In 1850, the
idea of building a religious monument was first suggested by
a Catholic Priest. It wasn't until 1920 when a group petitioned
for support to build a landmark statue that it became a
reality. The design was chosen from several ideas and
construction began in the 1920s, taking nine years to finish.
Today, Christ the Redeemer is one of the New Seven Wonders
of the World.

47. A view of the Corcovado
before the construction,
19th century.

49. • the largest art deco statue in the world. It is 98 feet tall (not including the 26
foot pedestal), and the arms stretch to 92 feet wide.
• weighs approximately 635 tonnes.
• located in the Tijuca Forest National Forest, at the top of the Corcovado
Mountain.
• considered an icon of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil
• the 5th largest statue of Jesus.
• The money to build Christ the Redeemer came from Brazil's Catholic
community.
• The chosen statue is meant to show that Christ loves all and will embrace all
that come to him.
• The stones that were used to build Christ the Redeemer came from Sweden.
• The statue was completed in 1931. It officially opened on October 12, 1931.
• In 2003 there were escalators, elevators and walkways installed. These made
it possible to access the platform that surrounds Christ the Redeemer.
• This statue became one of the New Seven Wonders of the World on July 7th,
2007.

50. Great Wall of China

51. Across the historical northern borders of China is a
wall built of stone, wood, earth and other materials.
It was built to protect the Chinese Empire from
invasion as well as to impose border control and
control immigration and emigration. It was built by
more than one emperor and the majority of its
reconstruction occurred during the Ming Dynasty.
The wall includes watch towers, barracks and also
allowed signals to be sent by smoke and fire.
Archaeological surveys have estimated the length of
the wall to be about 13, 171 miles long.

52. • was a series of several walls that were eventually joined together. The first were
built in the 7th century BC.
• The wall served several purposes such as protection, control, taxes, immigration
and emigration, and it was even used as a transportation corridor.
• One of the Seven Wonders of the Medieval World.
• was classified as one of the world's great national and historical sites by
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in
1987.
• was being built it was commonly referred to as ‘the longest cemetery on earth'.
• It is estimated that more than one million people died during construction. It is
also the longest structure in the world built by man.
• Qin Shi Huang was the first to have extensive walls constructed. Qin is
pronounced ‘chin' and is how the word China came to be.
• Before the 20th century, the Great Wall of China was rarely depicted in any
Chinese art
• Due to erosion, there is a section of the Great Wall that may disappear in the
next 20 years.
• In the 2008 Summer Olympics, the Great Wall of China was the finish spot for a
cycling course

53. Machu Picchu
( “Old Mountain.” )

54. Machu Picchu is an Inca site in Peru that is thought to
have been built as an estate for Pachacuti, an Incan
emperor. It was built in the 15th century,
approximately around 1450. It was abandoned as a
place for Inca rulers in about 1572. It was discovered
by the outside world in 1911and has since become a
tourist attraction. By 1976 at least 30% of the site had
been restored and those restoration efforts still
continue today

55. • also known as the Lost City of the Incas.
• located on the eastern Andes mountain slopes in a tropical mountain forest.
• 7,970 feet above sea level.
• Yale Professor Hiram Bingham is thought to be one of the first non-Peruvians
to lay eyes on the site in 1911.
• was named a Peruvian Historical Sanctuary in 1981, and two years later, in
1983 UNESCO classified it as a World Heritage Site.
• one of the most important historical Latin American sites and covers an area
of 32,500 hectares.
• was built with polished dry stone walls.
• under threat from several different sources. These include too many
tourists, and the fact that weather and earthquakes can make access
difficult.
• To visit the site today it takes either a four day or two day journey by foot. It
can also be reached by train that only takes a few hours.
• One of the reasons Machu Picchu may have been abandoned is because of
an outbreak of smallpox.

56. Roman Colosseum; Roman Italy
( Originally called “The Flavian Amphitheater” )

57. The Colosseum is an amphitheatre in the
center of the city Rome, in Italy. It is also
known as the Flavian Amphiteatre. It is the
largest amphitheatre in the world and
considered to be one of the greatest Roman
architecture and engineering works. It was
used for a variety of events and could hold
50,000 people. Earthquakes and stone
robbers left it in ruins, but part of it still
stands today.

58. • also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre because it was built during the Flavian dynasty. It got the name Colosseum
because of a statue that was located alongside the amphitheater called ‘the colossus of Nero'.
• Construction began in 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian.
• It took 60,000 Jewish slaves to build the Colosseum. It was built of stone and concrete.
• He built underground tunnels to hold slaves and animals. He also built a gallery to the top for additional seating.
• Several different events were held in the Colosseum including gladiator contests, mock battles and animal hunts,
and dramas that were based on Classical mythology. If they held a mock sea battle they flooded the Colosseum
with water.
• There were also re-enactments of famous battles and executions held in the amphitheatre.
• was used for entertainment for 390 years.
• Some of the events and games that were held in the Colosseum lasted for up to 100 days.
• In the early medieval era it was no longer used for entertainment purposes. Eventually it was used for workshops,
housing, religious quarters, a quarry, a fortress and even as a Christian shrine.
• In the early medieval era it was no longer used for entertainment purposes. Eventually it was used for workshops,
housing, religious quarters, a quarry, a fortress and even as a Christian shrine.
• one of the most popular Roman tourist attractions today.
• has become a symbol against capital punishment.
• Today, any time anyone in the world has their sentence of death commuted (overturned) or they are released, the
lights in the night time illumination of the Colosseum change from white to gold. This color change also occurs
whenever a jurisdiction abolishes the death penalty as well.

59. has over 80 entrances and
can accommodate about
50,000 spectators

60. Petra: Jordan
( also known as Rose City)

61. Extraordinary entrance
Petra is the most popular attractions in Jordan for tourists and
also one of the world's most famous historical archeological
sites. It is an ancient city located between the Dead Sea and
the Red Sea. The city is half man-made and half carved into
the rock and had a water conduit system that is also one of the
reasons the city is famous. It is often referred to as the Rose
City because of the rose color of the rock from which the city
was carved. The Western world knew nothing of Petra until a
Swiss explorer introduced it in 1812.

62. • was classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985
• UNESCO also described Petra as ‘one of the most precious cultural
properties of man's cultural heritage'.
• was the center of caravan trade, an important junction for the silk trade.
• Petra is the Greek word for rock.
• approximately 800 structures in Petra. The most famous is Pharoah's
Treasure, a mausoleum.
• was captured by Muslims in the 7th century and by the Crusaders in the
12th century.
• was used as one of the settings in the movie Indiana Jones and the Last
Crusade
• Only 15% of Petra has been explored by archeologists. The rest remains to
be discovered.

63. SOUVENIR AREA

64. BLUE CHAPEL, PETRA

65. Taj Mahal: Agra, India
(referred as the “crown of palaces”)

66. The Taj Mahal in India was built by a grief-stricken
emperor Shah Jahan. His wife Mumtaz Mahal died in 1631
while giving birth to their 14th child. Construction of the
Taj Mahal began one year later and it was built to be the
final resting place of Mumtaz Mahal. Different types of
marble from all over the world were used to build this
mausoleum. Today, millions of people come from all over
the world to visit this famous and beautifully designed
Islamic tomb in Agra, a city in northern India

67. • Mumtaz Mahal was Shah Jahan's third wife. Her name was originally Arjumand
Bano Begum but when she married Shah Jahan she was christened as Mumtaz
Mahal which means ‘Jewel of the Palace', or ‘Chosen One of the Palace'.
• Taj Mahal means ‘crown of places'.
• took approximately 20 years and approximately 20,000 workers to complete.
• There were also about 1000 elephants used to transport the materials needed
for construction.
• Taj Mahal complex also has additional mausoleums, a mosque, a reflecting
pool and large garden to add to its beauty.
• stands at 561 feet tall.
• material used to build the Taj Mahal is white marble. The marble used in
construction was brought from many different countries.
• The color of Taj Mahal appears to change color depending on the time of day.
The color change also depends on whether there is moonlight at night.
• UNESCO has designated the Taj Mahal as a World Heritage Site and it is also
one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. The ‘New' Seven Wonders of the
world were chosen by people voting from all over the world.
• Taj Mahal was built for Mumtaz Mahal, Shah Jahan was also laid to rest in the
tomb alongside his late wife.

68. Chichen Itza, Yucatan Peninsula

69. • a world-famous complex of Mayan ruins on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula.
• Chichen Itza also means ‘at the mouth of the well of the Itza'.
• It was one of the largest Maya cities and also had the most diverse
population in any Maya population. It covered five square kilometers.
• There is a wide variety of architectural styles that is attributed to the fact
that Chichen Itza had such diverse population and culture.
• All the buildings of Chichen Itza are made from stone. It's also thought that
the Maya did no use the wheel to build any of their temples, pyramids or
palaces.
• considered to be one the Seven Wonders of the New World.

70. CHAC MOOL
TEMPLE OF THOUSAND WARRIORSTEMPLE OF CHAC MOOL

71. BALL COURT AT CHICHEN ITZA

72. 7 Wonders of
Underwater

73. Palau
home to one of the most beautiful and
intact marine environments in the world

74. • an archipelago of over 500 islands, part of the Micronesia region in
the western Pacific Ocean.

75. Belize Barrier Reef
world's second
largest coral reef.

77. • a very large coral reef located off the coast of Central America’s country of
Belize.
• the reef notably contains the largest blue hole known on Earth, the Great Blue
Hole.
• officially known as the ‘Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System.
• second largest coral reef on Earth and largest reef of the northern hemisphere
is Belize Barrier Reef.
• covers an area of 963 square kilometres (372 square miles), and is
approximately 300 kilometres (186 miles) in length.
• was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996, and later marked as
endangered in 2009, mostly due to illegal hunting, fishing and timber removal.
• Species discovered in the vicinity of Belize Barrier Reef include 65 coral
species, 350 species of mollusc, more than 500 fish species, as well
as numerous other species; while it is said that 90 percent of the reef’s total
number of species have not yet been discovered.
• home to seven designated and protected reserves, 450 sand islands known as
‘cays’, plus three ring shaped reefs known as ‘atolls
• popularly visited by tourists for its prized snorkelling and scuba diving
attractions, with more than 128,000 tourists visiting the reef annually.
• Many bird species can be found in the area of the Belize Barrier Reef, as
well as vulnerable or endangered species like the American crocodile, a
number of turtle species, and the West Indian manatee.

78. Great Barrier Reef

79. • is blessed with the breathtaking beauty of the world's largest coral reef.
• covers 132, 973 square miles along the coast of Queensland, Australia.
• made up at least 900 separate islands and 2 900 individual reefs.
• There are 400 species (different types) of corals in the Great Barrier Reef.
Coral reefs are made up of many thousands of individual animals called
coral polyps that form colonies.
• There are 215 species (different types) of birds .
• There are 1500 species of fish on the Great Barrier Reef.
• There are 6 species of Turtles.

80. Deep-Sea Vents

81. • a fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water
issues.
• commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic
plates are moving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots.
• The black smokers found deep under the sea. They release the darkest
and hottest plumes.

83. Galapagos Islands
a series of volcanic islands.

87. • a volcanic archipelago in the Pacific Ocean.
• considered one of the world's foremost destinations for wildlife-viewing
• A province of Ecuador, it lies about 1,000km off its coast. Its isolated
terrain shelters a diversity of plant and animal species, many found
nowhere else.
• Charles Darwin visited in 1835, and his observation of Galápagos' species
later inspired his theory of evolution.

88. Lake Baikal
is a rift lake in the south of
the Russian region of Siberia.

90. Baikal. Sunset view from the ice grotto on the island of
Kharantsy

91. • an inlet of the Indian Ocean between Asia and Africa.
• The Gulf-of-Aden and the Bab el Mandeb sound connect
the sea to the ocean.
• The Gulf of Aqaba, Sinai Peninsula and the Gulf of Suez connect
the Red Sea to the ocean in the Northern part

92. Northern Red Sea
is the world’s largest harbor of sand with an expansive
stretch of land and serene beauty all around.

95. • considered one of the most beautiful submarine paradises of
the world.
• called sometimes an underwater “Garden of Eden” and is
considered by CEDAM one of the seven Underwater Wonders of
the World.
• The Red Sea is a salt water inlet of the Indian Ocean which is
between Asia and Africa.
• This large natural channel is around 1900 Kilometers length,
between 100 to 300 Kilometers breadth and about 500 meters
depth.
• Its water sometimes turned a slightly red, due to the blooming
of a particular kind of microorganisms known as “Red Algae”
(Cyno-bacteria or Trichodesmium Erytreum).
• This also the reason of its name; since, it is a literal translation
from the Greek phrase “Erythra Thalassa” that literally means
Red Sea.
• inhabited by 1000 different kinds of fish, more than 1000
species of invertebrates and around 400 different types of
corals; almost 10% of these species are endemic

96. 7 Wonders of
Nature

97. Amazon Rainforest and River
is the largest tropical rainforest in the world.

100. • Amazon rainforest is a moist, broadleaf forest.
• covers most of the Amazon Basin in South America. The basin is 2.7
million square miles while the Amazon covers 2.1 million square miles
of it. If the Amazon rainforest was a country, it would rank 9th in size
• nine nations that have the Amazon rainforest in their borders are:
Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname
and French Guiana.
• Amazon rainforest accounts for more than half of the entire world's
remaining rainforests.
• home to 10% of the known species in the world.
• home to 205 of the bird species in the world.
• There are over 40,000 different plant species and approximately 2.5
million insect species in the Amazon rainforest.
• also referred to as the ‘Lungs of the Planet' because it produces more
than 20% of the world's oxygen.
• If you were caught in the rain in the Amazon you would have about 10
minutes to find your umbrella. The trees are so tightly packed that it
can take 10 minutes for the rain to reach the ground below.

101. Ha Long Bay
is known for its emerald waters and thousands of
towering limestone islands topped by rainforests.

103. • means 'descending dragon bay'.
• Many of the more than 1960 islands have secluded beaches, grottos and
caves.
• There are 450 different mollusks and 200 different species of fish in
Halong Bay.
• Most of the islands in Halong Bay are limestone. This limestone has been
forming for over 500 million years.
• Some of the islets (small islands) rise from the water to heights of up to
330 feet.
• There are both an oceanic and seashore bio-system and a tropical
evergreen bio-system in this region.
• There are 60 widespread faunal and 14 widespread floral species in this
region.
• UNESCO classified the core of Halong Bay as a World Heritage Site in 1994.
• Halong Bay was classified as one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature in 2012.

104. Iguazu Falls
the largest waterfalls system in the world

106. • There is a legend that explains how the falls were created. A god was to marry Naipi, a beautiful woman. This
woman canoed away with her lover, angering the god. The god was enraged and sliced the river, which not only
created the falls but condemned the two lovers to fall for eternity.
• falls are 1.7 miles long, divided by islands along its edge. These falls range from 197 to 269 feet high. The average
height of most of the falls is 210 feet.
• actual number of waterfalls fluctuates depending on the water level and how much water is flowing. The number
ranges from 150 to 300 falls at any given time.
• Three cities in three countries, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, have access to Iguazu River
• Two-thirds of Iguazu Falls are on the Argentina side.
• Of all the waterfalls in the world, Iguazu has the highest annual average flow, more than Niagara Falls.
• Iguazu Falls is taller than, and twice as wide as Niagara Falls.
• Iguazu Falls was formed as the result of a volcanic eruption. This eruption left a large crack.
• The most impressive falls of Iguazu Falls is called ‘The Devil's Throat'. It is a U-shaped chasm where 14 falls plunge
more than 350 feet.
• There are approximately 2000 plant species in the rain forests around Iguazu Falls.
• Iguazu Falls can be seen in many movies including: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Miami Vice,
Mr. Magoo, and many more.
• Iguazu Falls was declared one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature on November 11, 2011. It is also a UNESCO World
Heritage Site

107. Jeju Islands
is defined by its volcanic landscape
full of craters and cavelike lava tubes.

109. Bonsai Garden Mount Hallasan

110. • highest mountain in South Korea, Hallasan (Halla Mountain), is located on Jeju
Island. The peak of the mountain looks like a giant crater.
• a popular honeymoon destination for Korean newlyweds. It has beautiful beaches
and waterfalls that take one's breath away. It is a tropical paradise.
• Jeju Island is one South Korea's nine provinces.
• Jeju Island has also been called the ‘Hawaii of Korea'.
• It has also been nicknamed Samdado which means the ‘island of three
abundances'.
• The three abundances this refers to are the wind, rocks and women. The women
are said to be extremely beautiful.
• Jeju Island is home to 947 insects species.
• It is also home to 8 different reptiles, 8 different amphibians, 198 different types
of birds and more than 17 mammals.
• Jeju Island is one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature. This list was created from
a global pole taken from 2007 to 2011

111. Komodu Island
a national park in Indonesia

113. • covers an area of 390 square kilometers. It is 15km wide and 30km long.
• There are 2000 people that live on the island as permanent residents.
• The religions of the people that live on the island are Hindu, Christianity, and
Islamic.
• Komodo Island is part of a chain of islands known as the Lesser Sunda Chain.
• Komodo Island's rainy season is from January to March. Although this is the
rainy season, Komodo Island does not get the torrential rain that the rest of
Indonesia experiences.
• Komodo Island is believed to have been formed approximately 1 million years
ago.
• In 1991, Komodo National Park was listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
• Komodo Island became one of the New 7 Wonders of Nature on November
11,2011

114. Puerto Prinsesa Underground
is a protected area of the Philippines located about 80
kilometres north of the city centre of Puerto Princesa, Palawan.

117. • river is 8.2km long and flows underground through natural rock formations
such as caves, stalactites, and stalagmites.
• Only 4.3km of this are easily traveled by tourists. If tourists wish to travel
the other 3.9km they have to obtain a special permit. In some of this 3.9km
it is possible to wade in the river.
• Inside the open chambers of the trip down Puerto Princesa Underground
River, it's common to hear the bats chattering. Tourists usually wear helmets
as the bats also have a tendency to poop on them.
• The monkeys in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park are so
used to being fed by people that they will now grab food from visitors.
• The river is also called the St. Paul Underground River.
• Puerto Princesa Underground River was once believed to be the longest
underground river in the world. This was proven false when a longer
underground river was discovered in Mexico.
• Puerto Princesa Underground River was designated as one of the New 7
Wonders of Nature on January 28, 2012.

118. Table Mountain
the only natural site on the planet to have a constellation of
stars named after it – Mensa, meaning “the table

120. • Table Mountain is featured on Cape Town's flag.
• It got its name because of its flat top.
• highest point of Table Mountain is 3,563 feet above sea level. It's
called Maclear's Beacon for the man who built a stone cairn at the site
in 1865
• today there are more than 350 trails to the top of Table Mountain.
• Table Mountain has many sandstone caves. The largest is Wynberg.
• The original name of Table Mountain was Howrikwaggo. Translated
this means ‘mountain in the sea' or ‘sea mountain'.
• Table Mountain is one of the most popular visitor destinations in Cape
Town and approximately 800,000 people visit it each year.
• The most common animal found on the mountain is a mammal that
resembles a guinea pig called the rock hyrax or the dassie. Although it
resembles a guinea pig, its closest relatives are the sirenian and the
elephant.
• It is thought to be one of the oldest mountains in the world. The rocks
of the mountain are approximately 600 million years old.
• Table Mountain is 6 times older than the Himalayas. It's 5 times older
than the Rocky Mountains.
• Table Mountain is one of the New Seven Wonders of Nature.