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2015	
JOB	
ANALYSIS	
REPORT	
Crew	Member	
Position	
Trader	Joe’s	
Gainesville,	
Florida	
Table	of	Contents	
v Executive	
Summary…2	
v Job	Description…3	
v Introduction…4	
v Interviewing	
Process…5	
v Surveying	Process…6	
v Task	Statements…7-9	
v Worker	
Characteristics…10-11	
v Selection…12	
		
v Training…13	
v Conclusion…14	
v Limitations…15	
v Interview	Format…16-17	
v Critical	Incidents…18	
v Survey	Initiation…19	
v Survey	Questions…20-23	
v References…24	
	
Jonathan	Cowan	&	Alexis	Fawcett	
University	of	Central	Florida	
INP6058	Job	Analysis	Project	
Information	obtained	in	this	
analysis	is	for	academic	purposes	
only.
EXECUTIVE	SUMMARY	
Through	empirically	supported	methods	for	selecting	and	training	superior	crew	
members,	Trader	Joe’s	customers	can	be	provided	with	a	rewarding,	eventful,	and	
fun	shopping	experience.	
The	crew	member’s	job	functions,	tasks,	and	
characteristics	 were	 analyzed	 at	 the	
Gainesville	 Trader	 Joe’s	 location.	 The	
information	 enclosed	 in	 this	 report	 can	 be	
used	 to	 provide	 a	 task-focused	 job	
description	 and	 applied	 towards	 improving	
selection	and	training	practices.	
	
Through	 observations	 and	 interviews	 with	
Trader	Joe’s	crew	members	and	supervisors,	
the	 analysts	 developed	 a	 list	 of	 essential	
tasks	 and	 characteristics	 for	 the	 crew	
member	 position.	 	The	 most	 essential	 tasks	
for	 the	 crew	 member	 position	 were:	
unloading	 products	 from	 delivery	 vehicles,	
managing	 time	 efficiently	 while	 accomplish	
assigned	 tasks,	 transporting	 product	 onto	
the	sales	floor,	conducting	transactions	with	
customers,	 and	 maintaining	 a	 positive,	
customer	 service-oriented	 attitude.	 	Data	
regarding	the	knowledge,	skills,	abilities,	and	
other	 characteristics	 required	 for	 crew	
members	 can	 be	 used	 for	 selection	 and	
training.	
	
Selection	
Ideal	 crew	 members	 will	 demonstrate	 a	
positive,	upbeat	interpersonal	style	and	have	
a	 team-	 and	 customer	 service-oriented	
attitude.		Applicants	will	be	able	to	deal	with	
potentially	 upset	 or	 dissatisfied	 customers,	
and	 possess	 the	 ability	 to	 communicate	
effectively.	 	Applicants	 should	 be	 primarily	
selected	 for	 the	 abilities	 that	 an	 effective	
crew	 member	 possesses,	 and	 additional	
training	 may	 not	 be	 necessary	 as	 these	
characteristics	should	be	readily	available	in	
the	current	labor	market.	
Training	
Training	for	crew	members	should	focus	on	
developing	job-relevant	knowledge	and	skills	
such	as	knowledge	of	Trader	Joe’s	products,	
the	 point-of-sale	 system,	 store	 policies	 and	
procedures,	and	the	use	of	equipment,	tools,	
and	 machinery.	 	Additional	 training	 for	
abilities	 such	 as	 effective	 communication,	
customer	 service,	 and	 time	 management	
should	 not	 be	 necessary,	 but	 can	 be	
implemented	at	management’s	discretion.	
	
Legal	Considerations	
Characteristics	 related	 to	 physical	 job	
performance	were	deemed	necessary	for	the	
selection	 process,	 however	 their	 use	 in	 the	
hiring	process	could	result	in	adverse	impact	
or	 discrimination	 against	 protected	
classes.	 	Further	 job	 analysis	 regarding	
physical	 ability	 requirements	 is	
recommended	 to	 determine	 whether	 these	
factors	 are	 essential	 to	 job	 performance,	
thus	 avoiding	 potential	 legal	 liabilities	 or	
discriminatory	hiring	practices.
JOB	DESCRIPTION	
	
Company:	Trader	Joe’s	
Location:	Gainesville,	Florida	
Title:	Crew	Member	
Employment	Duration:	Part	time	
	
Far	from	Ordinary	
If	ordinary	makes	you	yawn,	then	keep	reading.		Do	you	possess	a	sense	of	adventure?		Do	you	like	to	make	
people	smile?		Do	you	like	to	eat?		We	have	opportunities	that	will	challenge	and	excite.	Who	are	we?		Trader	
Joe's,	your	favorite	neighborhood	grocery	store	that	originated	in	Southern	California	and	now	operates	more	
than	440	stores	(and	growing)	from	coast	to	coast.	The	most	important	job	assignment	is	delivering	a	great	
customer	experience.		Our	Crew	creates	a	fun,	warm	and	friendly	shopping	experience	by	sharing	product	
knowledge,	walking	customers	to	items,	answering	their	questions	and	offering	suggestions.	
Everybody	does	Everything	
	
As	part	of	our	Crew,	you'll	handle	a	lot!		But	that's	the	thing;	so	does	everybody	else.		What's	more,	you	won't	
be	stuck	in	one	role	here.		Here	are	some	of	the	things	you	can	expect	to	do:	
• Work	on	a	register	
• Bag	some	groceries	
• Stock	the	shelves	
• Build	a	display	
• Have	fun	helping	customers	
There	will	never	be	a	dull	moment	in	your	day!		All	you	need	is	a	passion	for	people	and	a	fervor	for	food.		We	
can	teach	you	the	rest.	Physically	active,	upbeat,	positive	and	fun	individuals	are	the	folks	we	want	on	our	
Crew.		A	high	school	graduate	with	flexibility	to	work	evenings	and	weekends	is	strongly	preferred.	
	
Passion	for	Art?		Flair	for	Food?		Love	of	Wine?		We	Got	You	Covered!	
Many	of	our	Crew	Members	have	special	talents	that	we	put	to	good	use	around	here.	If	art	is	your	thing,	you	
can	craft	imaginative,	informative,	handmade	store	signs	that	promote	Trader	Joe's	products	-	and	make	our	
customers	say,	"WOW!"		We	use	a	lot	of	chalk,	so	if	that's	a	medium	you	are	comfortable	with,	even	better.	
Have	a	passion	for	people	and	cooking?		Grab	an	apron	and	help	us	plan,	prepare	and	serve	bite-sized	
portions	of	our	fabulous	food	to	customers	while	they	shop.		If	you	feel	at	home	in	the	kitchen,	and	like	to	talk	
food,	you	will	enjoy	demonstrating	our	delicious	creations.	
Know	a	thing	or	two	about	wine?		Share	your	knowledge	and	delight	our	customers	by	helping	to	answer	
their	questions	and	make	recommendations.	
We	Can't	Wait	to	Meet	You!	
Sound	like	a	match?		Hurry	in	and	apply	today.		All	applications	are	accepted	in-person	at	the	store	listed	
below.		Want	a	head	start?	Download	a	copy	of	our	application,	fill	it	out	and	bring	it	with	you!
INTRODUCTION	
Trader	 Joe’s	 grocery	 store	 aims	 to	 create	 a	 “WOW”	 shopping	 experience	 for	 its	
customers	every	day.		Trader	Joe’s	employees	are	committed	to	insuring	that	every	
customer’s	shopping	is:		
1. Rewarding	
2. Eventful	
3. Fun	
“Crew	 Members”	 are	 the	 heart	 of	 the	 Trader	 Joe’s	 team.	 Rather	 than	 confine	
employees	into	specific	roles	such	as	cashier,	bagger,	or	stocker,	crew	members	are	
able	to	engage	in	a	variety	of	roles	each	shift.	Therefore,	crew	members	partake	in	a	
wide	array	of	tasks	and	embody	a	diverse	set	of	knowledge,	skills,	abilities,	and	other	
characteristics.		
	
The	job	analysts	participated	in	an	observation	period	between	conducting	interviews	
with	both	a	crew	member	and	an	assistant	manager.	The	analysts	observed	multiple	
crew	members	in	order	to	gain	a	full	picture	of	the	position.	Following	the	interviews,	
analysts	created	lists	of	both	tasks	and	worker	characteristics	and	presented	them	in	a	
survey	for	crew	members	to	rate	on	multiple	levels.	Specific	explanations	on	methods	
used	 and	 results	 are	 explained	 further	 in	 the	 report.	 Through	 the	 analysis,	 the	
analysts	 determined	 the	 most	 important	 tasks	 for	 crew	 members	 are:	 unloading	
products,	maintaining	and	conveying	a	positive,	customer-service	oriented	attitude	
during	 customer-employee	 interactions,	 and	 receiving	 payments	 and	 computing	
transactions	for	customers.	
	
Selection	and	training	procedures	can	also	be	improved	through	the	data	collected	
from	this	analysis.	Most	tasks	include	interacting	with	other	employees	or	customers,	
therefore	social	and	motivational	abilities	are	important	characteristics	to	select	for	
during	hiring.	Knowledge	and	skills	requiring	the	use	of	tool	or	equipment	were	not	
deemed	necessary	for	selection,	but	should	be	trained	after	hiring.		
	
Crew	members	are	a	part	of	every	step	in	the	shopping	experience	at	Trader	Joe’s.	
The	company	believes	in	continuous	improvement,	integrity,	and	providing	customers	
with	 a	 “WOW”	 experience.	 Therefore,	 it	 is	 important	 to	 select	 and	 train	 crew	
members	who	will	represent	this	image	and	uphold	these	values.	The	results	of	this	
job	analysis	will	help	Trader	Joe’s	in	selecting	and	training	crew	members	who	will	
ensure	customers	have	the	best	possible	shopping	experience.
INTERVIEWING	PROCESS	
Tasks	and	crew	member	characteristics	were	gathered	through	a	30	minute	
observation	period	and	subsequent	interviews	with	a	crew	member	and	mate	
(assistant	manager).	The	observation	and	interviews	took	place	on	September	
30,	 2015	 from	 12:00	 to	 4:00	 PM	 at	 the	 Gainesville,	 Florida	 location.	
Demographics	of	interviewees	are	listed	below.	
	
Crew	Member	
Length	of	Time	in	Position:	2	years	
Length	of	Time	in	this	Location:	2	years	
Length	of	Time	in	Company:	2	years	
Average	Amount	of	Hours	per	Week:	37.5		
Age:	23	
Gender:	Male	
Ethnic	Background:	White	
	
Mate	(Assistant	Manager)	
Length	of	Time	in	Position:	1	year	
Length	of	Time	in	this	Location:	3	years	
Length	of	Time	in	Company:	3	years	
Average	Amount	of	Hours	per	Week:	50	
Age:	24	
Gender:	Female	
Ethnic	Background:	Black	or	African	American	
	
The	greeter	and	supervisor	were	informed	of	the	objectives	and	the	academic	
nature	of	the	interview.	Interview	questions	can	be	found	on	page	16-17.	
	
Both	 crew	 member	 and	 supervisor	 were	 asked	 to	 give	 critical	 incidents	 of	
unacceptable	 and	 outstanding	 performance	 from	 individuals	 in	 the	 crew	
member	role.	These	examples	can	be	found	on	page	18.	
	
Finally,	interviewees	were	asked	to	choose	which	of	the	given	statements	in	a	
list	best	describes	the	crew	member	position.	The	answers	can	be	found	on	
page	17.
SURVEYING	PROCESS	
An	 online	 survey	 was	 created	 through	 the	 program	 Qualtrics	 that	 asked	 questions	 for	 use	 in	 the	
Combination	 Job	 Analysis	 Method	 (C-JAM).	 This	 hybrid	 method	 looks	 at	 both	 tasks	 and	 worker	
characteristics	(KSAOs)	required	in	a	job.	The	ratings	on	the	scales	and	pattern	of	these	ratings	are	used	
to	develop	selection	and	training	methods	(Brannick,	Levine,	&	Morgeson,	2007).	
6	crew	members	were	asked	to	participate	in	the	survey	through	an	email	invitation.	Crew	members	
were	informed	that	the	survey	was	anonymous	and	would	take	about	30	minutes	to	complete.	Two	
crew	members	(33%)	completed	the	survey.	The	email	invitation	can	be	found	on	page	19.	
	
Job	tasks	were	rated	on	both	task	difficulty	and	criticality	using	a	7-point	scale.		The	extremes	of	each	
scale	 are	 show	 below.	 Task	 importance	 numbers	 were	 determined	 by	 adding	 the	 scores	 from	 both	
scales	for	each	task.	The	questions	were:	
1. Please	rate	the	following	tasks	on	their	difficulty	(how	much	effort	is	required	to	complete	
them):	
(1)					Very	Easy		 	 	 	 (7)					Very	Difficult	
2. Please	rate	the	following	tasks	on	their	criticality	(how	severe	the	consequences	are	if	the	task	
is	not	done	correctly):	
(1)					Consequences	of	error	are	not	at	all	important		
(7)					Consequences	are	extremely	important	
Using	the	data	analysis	program	SPSS,	the	job	analysts	found	the	intraclass	correlation	(ICC)	to	be	.724.	
ICC	is	used	to	assess	the	reliability,	or	the	consistency,	of	the	ratings	by	comparing	both	rater’s	scores.	
This	score	indicates	adequate	reliability	of	the	task	statements.	
	
The	use	of	KSAOs	in	selection	or	training	was	determined	by	asking	the	following	questions:	
1. Is	this	necessary	for	newly	hired	crew	members?	Yes/No	
2. Is	it	practical	to	expect	this	from	crew	member	applicants?	Yes/No	
3. To	what	extent	is	trouble	likely	if	this	is	ignored	in	selecting	new	crew	members?	
	 									(1)	Very	little	or	none		 	 	 	 (5)	To	an	extremely	great	extent				
4. To	what	extent	do	different	levels	of	this	characteristic	distinguish	the	superior	crew	member						
from	the	average	crew	member	
	 									(1)	Very	little	or	none		 	 	 	 (5)	To	an	extremely	great	extent	
The	ICC	for	this	scale	was	.826,	indicating	that	this	is	a	highly	reliable	measure.	
	
For	a	KSAO	to	be	required	for	selection,	all	of	the	following	requirements	must	be	met:	
1. The	 majority	 of	 the	 raters	 must	 have	 voted	 that	 the	 KSAO	 is	 necessary	 for	 newly	 hired	
employees.	
2. The	 majority	 of	 the	 raters	 must	 have	 voted	 that	 the	 KSAO	 is	 practical	 to	 expect	 from	
applicants.	
3. The	average	rating	on	the	trouble	likely	scale	is	1.5	or	greater.	
For	a	KSAO	to	be	required	for	training,	all	of	the	following	requirements	must	be	met:	
1. The	majority	of	the	raters	must	have	voted	that	the	KSAO	is	not	necessary	for	newly	hired	
employees.	
2. The	average	rating	on	the	distinguish	superior	from	average	scale	is	1.5	or	greater.
TASK	STATEMENTS	
The	following	is	a	list	of	task	statements	grouped	by	job	function	and	ranked	
by	task	importance.	Mean	and	standard	deviation	values	are	included.	
Working	the	register	 Mean	 SD	
Receive	payment	from	customers,	compute	transaction	totals	
mentally	or	through	POS,	and	return	appropriate	change	to	
customers	
10.0	 0.0	
Collect	shopping	carts	from	parking	lot	and	return	carts	to	
storefrint	
9.5	 2.1	
Review	receipt	and	rectify	transaction	errors	 8.5	 0.7	
Process	refunds	and	provide	refund	confirmation	to	customers	 8.0	 1.4	
Transfer	items	from	cart	and	scan/manually	enter	product	data	
into	POS	
6.5	 0.7	
Maintain	a	clean	and	orderly	work	station	 6.5	 0.7	
Bag	groceries	while	being	sensitive	to	customer	preferences	and	
produce	fragility	
6.0	 0.0	
Offer	and	engage	in	carry	out	service	for	customers	when	
appropriate	
6.0	 1.4	
Stock	register	display	with	featured	products	 5.5	 0.7	
Weigh	produce	and	enter	produce	code	into	POS	to	determine	
price	
5.0	 2.8	
Ring	bells	in	accordance	with	Trader	Joe’s	bell	system	policies	
and	procedures	
5.0	 2.8	
Maintain	a	working	knowledge	of	produce	codes	and	identifying	
information	
4.5	 2.1
TASK	STATEMENTS	
Stocking	Shelves	 Mean	 SD	
Unload	products	from	delivery	vehicles,	using	a	pallet	jack	if	
necessary	
11.0	 0.0	
Manage	time	efficiently	and	accomplish	assigned	tasks	within	
designated	time	frames	
11.0	 1.4	
Transport	product	onto	sales	floor	using	flat	carts,	handcarts,	or	
pallet	jacks	
10.5	 3.5	
Identify	and	remove	spoiled	or	post-dated	products	 9.5	 2.1	
Retrieve	stock	from	back	room	and	stock	shelves,	while	
concentrating	or	disbursing	stock	as	needed	
9.0	 1.4	
Concentrate	or	disburse	product	while	stocking	to	cover	product	
gaps	and	ensure	shelves	appear	filled	
8.5	 0.7	
Face	and	rotate	products	in	accordance	with	Trader	Joe’s	policy	 8.0	 4.2	
Proactively	review	product	sections	and	identify	areas	that	require	
re-stocking	
7.0	 0.0	
Use	box	cutter	to	break	down	boxes	and	product	packaging	 6.0	 2.8	
Deposit	broken-down	cardboard	boxes	into	cardboard	baler	 5.0	 2.8	
Maintain	a	working	knowledge	of	product	location	 4.5	 2.1	
	
Cleaning	the	Store	 Mean	 SD	
Mop	and	sweep	sales	floor	spills,	messes,	and	debris	 7.0	 2.8	
Maintain	restroom	hygienic	supplies	such	as	hand	soap,	toilet	
paper,	and	paper	towels	
6.5	 0.7	
Disinfect	toilets,	sinks,	and	other	soiled	restroom	surfaces	 6.0	 1.4	
Mop	and	sweep	restroom	floors	 6.0	 1.4	
Wipe	down	restroom	mirrors	 3.5	 0.7
TASK	STATEMENTS	
Helping	Customers	 Mean	 SD	
Maintain	and	convey	a	positive,	customer-service	oriented	attitude	
during	customer-employee	interactions	
10.0	 1.4	
Provide	customers	with	the	Trader	Joe’s	“Wow!”	experience	 9.5	 0.7	
Attend	to	customer	needs,	questions,	comments,	and	concerns	 8.5	 2.1	
Engage	and	interact	with	customers	when	working	the	register,	
stocking	product,	or	circulating	the	sales	floor	
7.0	 0.0	
Explain	product	information	to	customers	 6.0	 0.0	
Access	store	inventory	to	verify	if	an	item	is	in	stock	 3.5	 0.7
WORKER	CHARACTERISTICS	
To perform tasks, crew members must possess certain KSAOs.
• Knowledge: the existence in memory of a retrievable set of technical facts,
concepts, language and procedures directly relevant to job performance.
• Skills: the developed or trained capacity to perform tasks that call for the use of
tools, equipment, or machinery
• Abilities: the relatively enduring capacity to acquire skills or knowledge, where
the use of tools, equipment, or machinery isn’t required
• Other characteristics: include job-relevant interests, preferences,
temperament, and personality characteristics that indicate how well an employee
is likely to perform.
Listed below are KSAOs created by the job analysts that are applicable to the crew
member position. The job analysts determined these KSAOs through interviews and
surveys of SMEs. The KSAOs that should be used in selection and training are also noted.
Knowledge Selection Training
Knowledge	of	Trader	Joe’s	products ✔
Knowledge	of	product	locations	in	store ✔
Knowledge	of	point-of-sale	system	(POS) ✔
Knowledge	of	produce	codes	and	product	identifying	
information
✔
Knowledge	of	bell	system	procedures ✔
Knowledge	of	stocking,	facing	and	product	rotation	policies ✔
Skills	 Selection	 Training	
Skill	in	POS	operation	 	 ✔	
Skill	in	using	a	box	cutter	 	 ✔	
Skill	in	bagging	items	effectively	 	 ✔	
Skill	in	operating	pallet	jacks,	flat	carts,	and	hand	carts	 	 ✔
Abilities Selection Training
Ability	to	use	arithmetic ✔
Ability	to	stand	or	walk	for	up	to	7	½	hours ✔
Ability	to	lift	up	to	50	lbs	occasionally	(less	than	1/3	of	the	work	
day)
✔
Ability	to	lift	up	to	10	lbs	frequently	(greater	than	2/3	of	the	work	
day)
✔
Ability	to	work	well	with	others	in	a	team	setting ✔
Ability	to	self-motivate ✔
Ability	to	manage	time	effectively ✔
Ability	to	regulate	emotions	when	interacting	with	coworkers	or	
customers
✔
Ability	to	communicate	and	relate	with	customers ✔
Ability	to	communicate	and	assist	potential	upset	or	irate	
customers
✔
Ability	to	anticipate	customer	needs	and	proactively	fulfill	them ✔
Ability	to	read	POS	display ✔
Ability	to	independently	complete	job	duties	without	supervision ✔
Ability	to	organize	and	manipulate	objects	(spatial	ability) ✔
Other	Characteristics Selection Training
Willingness	to	deal	with	upset	or	dissatisfied	customers ✔
Willingness	to	abide	by	dress	code ✔
WORKER	CHARACTERISTICS
SELECTION	
Overview	
Exemplary	 crewmembers	 will	 be	 customer	 service-oriented,	 demonstrate	 effective	
interpersonal	skills,	and	function	well	in	a	team	setting.		Survey	respondents	indicated	that	
characteristics	 usually	 associated	 with	 customer	 service	 such	 as	 communicating	 and	
relating	with	customers,	anticipating	customer	needs,	and	assisting	potentially	upset	or	
irate	customers,	are	highly	desired.		These	results	suggest	that	hiring	authorities	should	
focus	on	the	majority	of	crewmember	abilities	and	other	characteristics	when	selecting	
applicants	for	the	position.		Results	also	indicate	that	many	of	these	characteristics	are	
reasonable	 to	 expect	 in	 the	 general	 labor	 market	 and,	 whether	 inherent	 or	 acquired	
through	other	job	experiences,	do	not	require	additional	training	for	the	average	worker.	
	
Applicant	Screening	
Applicants	 could	 demonstrate	 their	 qualifications	 through	 an	 online	 personality	 test,	
answering	situational	questions,	and	completing	a	basic	math	assessment.		Those	higher	
in	the	personality	traits	of	conscientiousness,	agreeableness,	and	extraversion	could	be	
given	 preference	 due	 to	 their	 high	 correlation	 with	 performance	 in	 team	 and	
interpersonal	settings.	
Interviewing	
Applicants	with	prior	retail	or	customer	service	experience	are	desirable,	as	they	are	likely	
to	 possess	 similar	 experiences	 and	 required	 abilities	 due	 to	 the	 demands	 of	 previous	
employment.		
Situational	 interview	 questions	 and	 a	 work	 sample	 demonstration	 are	 also	
advised.		Interviews	could	ask	applicants	to	describe	examples	where	they	worked	in	a	
team,	dealt	with	interpersonal	conflict,	or	used	time	management	to	accomplish	a	series	
of	tasks.		While	answering	these	prompts,	the	ideal	applicant	will	communicate	their	ideas	
effectively	 and	 demonstrate	 friendly	 and	 appropriate	 interpersonal	 skills.	 	Applicants	
should	be	asked	why	they	desire	the	crewmember	position,	and	their	response	should	
evidence	 a	 desire	 to	 work	 in	 a	 team	 setting,	 a	 passion	 for	 Trader	 Joe’s	 products	 and	
culture,	and	a	positive,	can-do,	customer-oriented	attitude.	
The	 work	 sample	 demonstration	 should	 include	 position	 specific	 tasks	 such	 as	 bagging	
groceries,	moving	products	within	the	store,	and	stocking	shelves	in	order	to	satisfy	the	
exertional	and	postural	requirements	endorsed	by	respondents.	
Equal	Employment	
Job	 incumbents	 and	 supervisors	 opined	 that	 postural	 and	 exertional	 abilities	 such	 as	
standing	or	walking	for	up	to	7	½	hours,	lifting	up	to	10	pounds	frequently,	and	lifting	up	
to	50	pounds	occasionally	were	necessary	requirements	for	job	applicants.		However,	due	
to	 the	 nature	 of	 these	 abilities,	 their	 use	 as	 a	 criterion-measure	 during	 the	 selection	
process	may	inadvertently	lead	to	adverse	impact	or	preclude	certain	protected	classes.		A	
more	 comprehensive	 job	 analysis	 is	 strongly	 advised	 in	 order	 to	 avoid	 potential	 legal	
considerations,	 establish	 ability-position	 validity,	 and	 develop	 reasonable	
accommodations	for	potentially	affected	applicants.
TRAINING	
Survey	 results	 indicate	 that	 training	 should	 focus	 on	 crew	 members	 job-
relevant	 knowledge	 and	 skills.	 	Initial	 training	 in	 these	 areas	 should	 be	
provided	to	new	hires	to	insure	a	minimum	level	of	competency,	and	could	be	
accomplished	 through	 demonstration,	 verbal	 instruction,	 or	 hands-on	
participation	by	another	experienced	incumbent	or	supervisor	(in	accordance	
with	company	policies	and	procedures).		Role	playing	scenarios	could	also	be	
enacted	to	practice	or	reinforce	customer	service	skills.	
	
It	 is	 unlikely	 that	 further,	 periodic	 training	 on	 many	 of	 these	 items	 is	
warranted	 as	 accumulated	 job	 experience	 will	 reinforce	 these	
competencies.		To	illustrate,	once	satisfactory	knowledge	is	attained	in	point-
of-sale	 system	 operation,	 bell	 system	 procedures,	 or	 stocking,	 facing,	 and	
product	 rotation	 policies,	 further	 training	 would	 not	 be	 beneficial	 unless	
there	are	noted	deficits	in	employee	task	performance.	
	
Several	abilities	were	also	indicated	as	items	for	training	(ability	to	read	POS	
display,	ability	to	independently	complete	job	duties	without	supervision,	and	
ability	 to	 organize	 and	 manipulate	 objects),	 however	 these	 results	 may	 be	
due	to	the	small	pool	of	survey	respondents.		It	is	likely	that	these	abilities	will	
improve	 naturally	 as	 incumbents	 become	 more	 familiar	 with	 job	 demands	
and	tasks,	thus	making	them	questionable	targets	for	training	interventions.		
	
Training	provided	by	managers	or	supervisors	is	advised	for	the	following:	
Ø To	provide	or	reinforce	product	knowledge	(notably	when	introducing	
seasonal	or	special	products)	
Ø To	 inform	 crew	 members	 of	 newly	 implemented	 policies	 or	
procedures	
Ø On	a	periodic	basis	to	reinforce	safety-oriented	policies	or	procedures	
	
Management	 may	 also	 avoid	 the	 need	 for	 formal	 training	 sessions	 by	
proactively	 addressing	 problems,	 incorrect	 actions,	 or	 unsafe	 behaviors	 as	
they	occur	during	crew	member	shifts.		Crew	member	performance	may	also	
be	 improved	 by	 clearly	 setting	 goals	 and	 expectations	 at	 the	 beginning	 of	
shifts.	 A	 hands-on	 learning	 and	 coaching	 style	 is	 also	 advised,	 as	 it	 allows	
managers	to	encourage	effective	work	behaviors	while	also	tailoring	feedback	
messages	to	the	individual.
CONCLUSION	
The	most	essential	job	tasks	for	the	crew	member	position	are	as	follows:	
1. Unload	products	from	delivery	vehicles,	using	a	pallet	jack	if	
necessary	
2. Manage	time	efficiently	and	accomplish	assigned	tasks	within	
designated	time	frames	
3. Transport	product	onto	sales	floor	using	flat	carts,	handcarts,	or	
pallet	jacks	
4. Receive	payment	from	customers,	compute	transaction	totals	
mentally	or	through	POS,	and	return	appropriate	change	to	
customers	
5. Maintain	and	convey	a	positive,	customer	service-oriented	attitude	
during	customer-employee	interactions.	
The	survey	results	indicate	that	product	movement	and	display	are	of	the	greatest	
importance,	 and	 customer	 service-oriented	 tasks	 also	 hold	 high	 priority.	 	This	
accounts	for	and	helps	explain	the	versatile	functions	of	the	crew	member	role.	
	
Selection	
During	 the	 selection	 process,	 hiring	 authorities	 should	 seek	 customer	 service	 and	
teamwork-oriented	 applicants	 who	 demonstrate	 passion	 for	 Trader	 Joe’s	 products	
and	culture.		Applicants	should	also	be	able	and	willing	to	deal	with	potentially	upset	
or	 dissatisfied	 customers,	 and	 communicate	 effectively	 with	 customers	 and	
coworkers.	
Training	
Training	for	new	crew	members	should	emphasize	the	development	of	job-relevant	
knowledge	 and	 skills.	 	Crew	 members	 will	 also	 gain	 competency	 in	 these	 areas	 as	
they	 accumulate	 job	 experience.	 	Training	 can	 be	 provided	 through	 hands-on,	
demonstration,	and	verbal	instruction	methods.		Role-playing	could	also	be	used	to	
develop	 customer	 service	 skills.	 	Periodic	 trainings	 on	 safety,	 policies,	 and	 store	
procedures	may	be	implemented	at	the	manager’s	discretion.	
	
Legal	Considerations	
Certain	 KSAOs	 endorsed	 by	 incumbents	 and	 respondents	 may	 result	 in	 adverse	
impact	if	used	as	selection	criteria.		The	job	analysts	strongly	advise	a	more	thorough	
job	 analysis	 be	 conducted	 in	 order	 to	 establish	 the	 necessity	 and	 legality	 of	 these	
items	in	selection.
LIMITATIONS	
There	are	several	limitations	with	this	analysis	that	should	be	taken	into	
consideration	when	conducting	future	job	analyses.	
	
Sample	Size	
While	this	report	is	intended	for	only	academic	use,	the	small	incumbent	
and	 respondent	 pool	 (n	 =2)	 limits	 the	 inferences	 that	 can	 be	 drawn	
regarding	the	validity	of	the	analysis.			In	future	analyses,	analysts	should	
strive	towards	a	larger	incumbent	and	respondent	pool	so	that:		
(a)	 Interview	 and	 observation	 data	 regarding	 job	 tasks	 and	
characteristics	is	as	thorough	as	possible,	and;		
(b)	Final	survey	results	will	be	subject	to	less	statistical	error,	and	
therefore	provide	a	better	representation	of	the	job	role	as	it	is	actually	
performed.	
	
Interview	Process	
The	interview	format	developed	by	the	analysts,	while	yielding	valuable	
information,	 also	 required	 considerable	 time	 to	 complete	 with	
incumbents.	 	In	 order	 to	 save	 time	 and	 avoid	 redundancy	 in	 future	
analyses,	the	analysts	will	make	the	interview	format	briefer	and	more	
streamlined.	
	
Respondent	Participation	
The	survey	was	sent	to	6	crew	members,	however	only	2	completed	the	
survey.		As	respondents	did	not	have	clear	incentives	to	completing	the	
survey,	 this	 response	 rate	 is	 understandable.	 	In	 the	 future,	 response	
rates	could	be	improved	through	monetary	or	other	incentives	(i.e.	gift	
cards),	or	with	the	sanction	and	direction	of	the	requesting	organization.	
	
Legal	Considerations	
As	noted	previously,	several	of	the	items	in	the	questionnaire	could	lead	
to	legal	and	ethical	dilemmas	if	used	for	selection.		In	the	future,	analysts	
should	 take	 extra	 care	 in	 developing	 and	 validating	 such	 items,	 and	
should	not	include	them	in	the	selection	process	unless	deemed	legally	
defensible	and	necessary	for	average	job	performance.
INTERVIEW	FORMAT	
• What does a typical day look like?
Work on a register
• Can you describe what kind of tasks you do while
working at the register?
• What KSAOs are required to perform this work function?
• What kind of knowledge is required?
• What types of skills are required to complete tasks?
• What mental or physical abilities are required to perform
this function?
Bag some groceries
• What kind of tasks do you do while 'bagging some
groceries?'
• What kinds of abilities are required to perform this work
function successfully?
Stock the shelves
• What kind of tasks do you do while stocking shelves?
• What do you need to do before you stock the shelves?
• What do you do after you stock the shelves?
• What kinds of KSAOs are required to perform this work
function?
Build a display
• Can you describe what you do to successfully build a
display?
• What do you need to do before you build the display?
• What do you need to do once you have finished building
the display?
• What kinds of KSAOs are required to perform this work
function?
Have fun helping customers
• Can you describe how you have fun helping customers?
• In what ways do you help customers?
• Do you ever not have fun helping customers?
• How do you deal with that?
• Are there any KSAOs that are required to successfully
perform this work function?
INTERVIEW	FORMAT	
• Some tasks are performed on a non-routine basis, like taking
inventory. Do you perform any non-routine tasks that we have not yet
discussed? What are the steps you take to accomplish the task? What
do you do to prepare for it? What follow-up activities do you do after
the task?
• Can you describe for me some critical incidents or situations that
demonstrate either outstanding or poor job performance? For
example, dealing with an angry customer? What led up to the
incident? What did the employee do that was effective/ineffective?
Were the consequences something the employee was in control of?
• If you had to interview candidates for this position, what kind of
information would you need to select the right person?
• If you had to select a person for this position, what activities would
you want to see them perform before hiring or promoting them?
• What kinds of prior work experience, knowledge, skills, or abilities are
essential for performing this job?
• What types of knowledge, skills, or abilities would you most want to
train incumbents to ensure they become or remain effective?
• What skills or abilities should incumbents develop to ensure he or she
will be able to perform the job as it changes in the future?
• What kind of formal education is required for this job?
• What kind of tools or equipment do you use?
• What types of communication skills do you need?
• Are there any other characteristics needed for this job? Is there
anything we may have missed?
Much travel ….. little travel
Predictable Work Schedule ….. Unpredictable Work Schedule
Flexible Work Hours ….. Set Work Hours
Moderate-to-slow pace.... Depends on the shift.... Fast work pace
Frequent high pressure for results.... low pressure for results
Frequent deadlines.... infrequent deadlines
Closely Supervised.... Varying supervision.... Little Supervision
High level of decision making authority..... low to moderate decision making authority
Establish own goals.... goals established by others
Work closely with others ..... work mostly alone
Able to accomplish scheduled tasks .... must continually reprioritize tasks
much record keeping/routine paperwork .... minimal record keeping and paperwork
Work requires attention to detail .... work focused on overall strategy
Work requires little creativity …. Work requires much creativity
Work and environment constantly changing.... Work environmental normally static
CRITICAL	INCIDENTS	
The	Critical	Incident	Technique	was	used	to	collect	examples	of	specific,	direct,	
and	observable	behaviors	of	both	unacceptable	and	outstanding	performance	
in	the	crew	member	position.		
	
Critical	incidents	must	include:	
1. What	led	up	to	the	behavior	
2. The	employee	behavior	itself	
3. The	consequences	of	the	behavior	
	
The	Critical	Incident	Technique	can	be	useful	in	identifying	traits	for	selection,	
training	needs	assessment,	and	training	design.	
(Brannick,	Levine,	&	Morgeson,	2007)	
	
Listed	below	are	examples	of	both	unacceptable	and	outstanding	performance	
given	by	a	crew	member.	
	
Example	of	unacceptable	behavior:	
During	March	Madness	for	basketball,	the	store	will	hold	a	sales	contest	
to	see	who	can	sell	the	most	of	a	certain	product.	I	ended	up	selling	more	
than	another	crewmember,	who	ended	up	getting	upset,	yelling	at	me,	
and	threw	my	display	on	the	floor.	The	supervisors	heard	of	this	behavior	
and	decided	to	write	up	the	disrespectful	crew	member.	
Example	of	outstanding	performance:	
Being	close	to	Shands	Hospital,	we	sometimes	have	patients	come	
into	the	store	to	shop.	If	I	notice	a	customer	is	a	Shands	patient,	I	will	
go	out	of	my	way	to	offer	the	patient	some	flowers,	free	of	charge.	
This	puts	a	smile	on	their	face	and	hopefully	makes	their	day	a	little	
better.
SURVEY	INVITATION	
Hello	crew	members!	
For	a	class	project,	we	have	to	evaluate	how	difficult	and	
critical	certain	tasks	and	characteristics	of	the	crew	member’s	
role	are.	Since	you	probably	know	they	job	better	than	
anyone	else,	we	would	greatly	appreciate	if	you	helped	us	by	
completing	this	survey.	The	survey	will	only	take	about	30	
minutes	to	an	hour	to	finish,	but	we	ask	that	you	carefully	
answer	each	one.	Your	answers	will	be	kept	anonymous	and	
not	shown	to	any	of	your	coworkers	or	supervisors.	This	is	
solely	for	academic	use.	
	
All	questions	must	be	answered	in	order	to	complete	the	
survey.	The	first	set	of	questions	deals	with	tasks.	You	will	be	
asked	to	rate	each	individual	task	on	a	1-7	scale	assessing	the	
difficult	and	criticality	of	each.	The	second	section	lists	
characteristics	of	the	job,	which	you	will	be	asked	to	rate.	
We	know	the	survey	contains	a	lot	of	questions,	and	that	it	
might	not	be	the	most	amusing	task,	but	we	would	greatly	
appreciate	if	you	helped	us	get	an	A	on	our	project!		We	
would	like	to	have	all	responses	in	by	Sunday	night.	If	you	
have	any	questions,	feel	free	to	email	us!	
	
The	link	to	the	survey:	
http://ucf.qualtrics.com//SE/?SID=SV_5cDZEeJc9YIOCbP	
	
Thanks!	
Alexis	Fawcett	and	Jonathan	Cowan
SURVEY	QUESTIONS	
The	display	of	survey	options	was	altered	from	its	original	format	in	order	to	
preserve	space.	The	scales	were	not	presented	in	a	drop-down	format,	instead	
being	displayed	so	that	each	of	the	7	scale	options	was	visible	to	the	rater.	This	
was	done	for	both	task	difficulty	and	criticality.
SURVEY	QUESTIONS
SURVEY	QUESTIONS
SURVEY	QUESTIONS
REFERENCES	
Brannick,	 M.T.,	 Levine,	 E.L.,	 &	 Mogeson,	 F.P.	 (2007).	 Job	 and	
work	 	ANALYSIS:Methods,	 research,	 and	 applications	 for	 human	 resource	
management.	 (2nd	 ed.)Thousand	 Oaks,	 CA:	 SAGE	 Publications,	 Inc.	
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483329505IBM	Corp.	Released	2013.		
	
IBM	SPSS	Statistics	for	Macintosh,	Version	22.0.	Armonk,NY:	IBM	Corp.	
	
	
The	survey	for	this	report	was	generated	using	Qualtrics	software,	Version	
2.4	of	the	Qualtrics	research	suite.	Copyright	© 2015	Qualtrics.	Qualtrics	
and	all	other	Qualtrics	product	or	service	names	are	registered	trademarks	
or	trademarks	of	Qualtrics,	Provo,	UT,	USA.	http://www.qualtrics.com	
	
	
The	job	analysts	would	like	to	thank	the	assistant	manager	and	team	
members	at	Trader	Joe’s	Gainesville	for	their	participation	in	this	analysis.

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Job analysis report

  • 1. 2015 JOB ANALYSIS REPORT Crew Member Position Trader Joe’s Gainesville, Florida Table of Contents v Executive Summary…2 v Job Description…3 v Introduction…4 v Interviewing Process…5 v Surveying Process…6 v Task Statements…7-9 v Worker Characteristics…10-11 v Selection…12 v Training…13 v Conclusion…14 v Limitations…15 v Interview Format…16-17 v Critical Incidents…18 v Survey Initiation…19 v Survey Questions…20-23 v References…24 Jonathan Cowan & Alexis Fawcett University of Central Florida INP6058 Job Analysis Project Information obtained in this analysis is for academic purposes only.
  • 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Through empirically supported methods for selecting and training superior crew members, Trader Joe’s customers can be provided with a rewarding, eventful, and fun shopping experience. The crew member’s job functions, tasks, and characteristics were analyzed at the Gainesville Trader Joe’s location. The information enclosed in this report can be used to provide a task-focused job description and applied towards improving selection and training practices. Through observations and interviews with Trader Joe’s crew members and supervisors, the analysts developed a list of essential tasks and characteristics for the crew member position. The most essential tasks for the crew member position were: unloading products from delivery vehicles, managing time efficiently while accomplish assigned tasks, transporting product onto the sales floor, conducting transactions with customers, and maintaining a positive, customer service-oriented attitude. Data regarding the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics required for crew members can be used for selection and training. Selection Ideal crew members will demonstrate a positive, upbeat interpersonal style and have a team- and customer service-oriented attitude. Applicants will be able to deal with potentially upset or dissatisfied customers, and possess the ability to communicate effectively. Applicants should be primarily selected for the abilities that an effective crew member possesses, and additional training may not be necessary as these characteristics should be readily available in the current labor market. Training Training for crew members should focus on developing job-relevant knowledge and skills such as knowledge of Trader Joe’s products, the point-of-sale system, store policies and procedures, and the use of equipment, tools, and machinery. Additional training for abilities such as effective communication, customer service, and time management should not be necessary, but can be implemented at management’s discretion. Legal Considerations Characteristics related to physical job performance were deemed necessary for the selection process, however their use in the hiring process could result in adverse impact or discrimination against protected classes. Further job analysis regarding physical ability requirements is recommended to determine whether these factors are essential to job performance, thus avoiding potential legal liabilities or discriminatory hiring practices.
  • 3. JOB DESCRIPTION Company: Trader Joe’s Location: Gainesville, Florida Title: Crew Member Employment Duration: Part time Far from Ordinary If ordinary makes you yawn, then keep reading. Do you possess a sense of adventure? Do you like to make people smile? Do you like to eat? We have opportunities that will challenge and excite. Who are we? Trader Joe's, your favorite neighborhood grocery store that originated in Southern California and now operates more than 440 stores (and growing) from coast to coast. The most important job assignment is delivering a great customer experience. Our Crew creates a fun, warm and friendly shopping experience by sharing product knowledge, walking customers to items, answering their questions and offering suggestions. Everybody does Everything As part of our Crew, you'll handle a lot! But that's the thing; so does everybody else. What's more, you won't be stuck in one role here. Here are some of the things you can expect to do: • Work on a register • Bag some groceries • Stock the shelves • Build a display • Have fun helping customers There will never be a dull moment in your day! All you need is a passion for people and a fervor for food. We can teach you the rest. Physically active, upbeat, positive and fun individuals are the folks we want on our Crew. A high school graduate with flexibility to work evenings and weekends is strongly preferred. Passion for Art? Flair for Food? Love of Wine? We Got You Covered! Many of our Crew Members have special talents that we put to good use around here. If art is your thing, you can craft imaginative, informative, handmade store signs that promote Trader Joe's products - and make our customers say, "WOW!" We use a lot of chalk, so if that's a medium you are comfortable with, even better. Have a passion for people and cooking? Grab an apron and help us plan, prepare and serve bite-sized portions of our fabulous food to customers while they shop. If you feel at home in the kitchen, and like to talk food, you will enjoy demonstrating our delicious creations. Know a thing or two about wine? Share your knowledge and delight our customers by helping to answer their questions and make recommendations. We Can't Wait to Meet You! Sound like a match? Hurry in and apply today. All applications are accepted in-person at the store listed below. Want a head start? Download a copy of our application, fill it out and bring it with you!
  • 4. INTRODUCTION Trader Joe’s grocery store aims to create a “WOW” shopping experience for its customers every day. Trader Joe’s employees are committed to insuring that every customer’s shopping is: 1. Rewarding 2. Eventful 3. Fun “Crew Members” are the heart of the Trader Joe’s team. Rather than confine employees into specific roles such as cashier, bagger, or stocker, crew members are able to engage in a variety of roles each shift. Therefore, crew members partake in a wide array of tasks and embody a diverse set of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics. The job analysts participated in an observation period between conducting interviews with both a crew member and an assistant manager. The analysts observed multiple crew members in order to gain a full picture of the position. Following the interviews, analysts created lists of both tasks and worker characteristics and presented them in a survey for crew members to rate on multiple levels. Specific explanations on methods used and results are explained further in the report. Through the analysis, the analysts determined the most important tasks for crew members are: unloading products, maintaining and conveying a positive, customer-service oriented attitude during customer-employee interactions, and receiving payments and computing transactions for customers. Selection and training procedures can also be improved through the data collected from this analysis. Most tasks include interacting with other employees or customers, therefore social and motivational abilities are important characteristics to select for during hiring. Knowledge and skills requiring the use of tool or equipment were not deemed necessary for selection, but should be trained after hiring. Crew members are a part of every step in the shopping experience at Trader Joe’s. The company believes in continuous improvement, integrity, and providing customers with a “WOW” experience. Therefore, it is important to select and train crew members who will represent this image and uphold these values. The results of this job analysis will help Trader Joe’s in selecting and training crew members who will ensure customers have the best possible shopping experience.
  • 5. INTERVIEWING PROCESS Tasks and crew member characteristics were gathered through a 30 minute observation period and subsequent interviews with a crew member and mate (assistant manager). The observation and interviews took place on September 30, 2015 from 12:00 to 4:00 PM at the Gainesville, Florida location. Demographics of interviewees are listed below. Crew Member Length of Time in Position: 2 years Length of Time in this Location: 2 years Length of Time in Company: 2 years Average Amount of Hours per Week: 37.5 Age: 23 Gender: Male Ethnic Background: White Mate (Assistant Manager) Length of Time in Position: 1 year Length of Time in this Location: 3 years Length of Time in Company: 3 years Average Amount of Hours per Week: 50 Age: 24 Gender: Female Ethnic Background: Black or African American The greeter and supervisor were informed of the objectives and the academic nature of the interview. Interview questions can be found on page 16-17. Both crew member and supervisor were asked to give critical incidents of unacceptable and outstanding performance from individuals in the crew member role. These examples can be found on page 18. Finally, interviewees were asked to choose which of the given statements in a list best describes the crew member position. The answers can be found on page 17.
  • 6. SURVEYING PROCESS An online survey was created through the program Qualtrics that asked questions for use in the Combination Job Analysis Method (C-JAM). This hybrid method looks at both tasks and worker characteristics (KSAOs) required in a job. The ratings on the scales and pattern of these ratings are used to develop selection and training methods (Brannick, Levine, & Morgeson, 2007). 6 crew members were asked to participate in the survey through an email invitation. Crew members were informed that the survey was anonymous and would take about 30 minutes to complete. Two crew members (33%) completed the survey. The email invitation can be found on page 19. Job tasks were rated on both task difficulty and criticality using a 7-point scale. The extremes of each scale are show below. Task importance numbers were determined by adding the scores from both scales for each task. The questions were: 1. Please rate the following tasks on their difficulty (how much effort is required to complete them): (1) Very Easy (7) Very Difficult 2. Please rate the following tasks on their criticality (how severe the consequences are if the task is not done correctly): (1) Consequences of error are not at all important (7) Consequences are extremely important Using the data analysis program SPSS, the job analysts found the intraclass correlation (ICC) to be .724. ICC is used to assess the reliability, or the consistency, of the ratings by comparing both rater’s scores. This score indicates adequate reliability of the task statements. The use of KSAOs in selection or training was determined by asking the following questions: 1. Is this necessary for newly hired crew members? Yes/No 2. Is it practical to expect this from crew member applicants? Yes/No 3. To what extent is trouble likely if this is ignored in selecting new crew members? (1) Very little or none (5) To an extremely great extent 4. To what extent do different levels of this characteristic distinguish the superior crew member from the average crew member (1) Very little or none (5) To an extremely great extent The ICC for this scale was .826, indicating that this is a highly reliable measure. For a KSAO to be required for selection, all of the following requirements must be met: 1. The majority of the raters must have voted that the KSAO is necessary for newly hired employees. 2. The majority of the raters must have voted that the KSAO is practical to expect from applicants. 3. The average rating on the trouble likely scale is 1.5 or greater. For a KSAO to be required for training, all of the following requirements must be met: 1. The majority of the raters must have voted that the KSAO is not necessary for newly hired employees. 2. The average rating on the distinguish superior from average scale is 1.5 or greater.
  • 7. TASK STATEMENTS The following is a list of task statements grouped by job function and ranked by task importance. Mean and standard deviation values are included. Working the register Mean SD Receive payment from customers, compute transaction totals mentally or through POS, and return appropriate change to customers 10.0 0.0 Collect shopping carts from parking lot and return carts to storefrint 9.5 2.1 Review receipt and rectify transaction errors 8.5 0.7 Process refunds and provide refund confirmation to customers 8.0 1.4 Transfer items from cart and scan/manually enter product data into POS 6.5 0.7 Maintain a clean and orderly work station 6.5 0.7 Bag groceries while being sensitive to customer preferences and produce fragility 6.0 0.0 Offer and engage in carry out service for customers when appropriate 6.0 1.4 Stock register display with featured products 5.5 0.7 Weigh produce and enter produce code into POS to determine price 5.0 2.8 Ring bells in accordance with Trader Joe’s bell system policies and procedures 5.0 2.8 Maintain a working knowledge of produce codes and identifying information 4.5 2.1
  • 8. TASK STATEMENTS Stocking Shelves Mean SD Unload products from delivery vehicles, using a pallet jack if necessary 11.0 0.0 Manage time efficiently and accomplish assigned tasks within designated time frames 11.0 1.4 Transport product onto sales floor using flat carts, handcarts, or pallet jacks 10.5 3.5 Identify and remove spoiled or post-dated products 9.5 2.1 Retrieve stock from back room and stock shelves, while concentrating or disbursing stock as needed 9.0 1.4 Concentrate or disburse product while stocking to cover product gaps and ensure shelves appear filled 8.5 0.7 Face and rotate products in accordance with Trader Joe’s policy 8.0 4.2 Proactively review product sections and identify areas that require re-stocking 7.0 0.0 Use box cutter to break down boxes and product packaging 6.0 2.8 Deposit broken-down cardboard boxes into cardboard baler 5.0 2.8 Maintain a working knowledge of product location 4.5 2.1 Cleaning the Store Mean SD Mop and sweep sales floor spills, messes, and debris 7.0 2.8 Maintain restroom hygienic supplies such as hand soap, toilet paper, and paper towels 6.5 0.7 Disinfect toilets, sinks, and other soiled restroom surfaces 6.0 1.4 Mop and sweep restroom floors 6.0 1.4 Wipe down restroom mirrors 3.5 0.7
  • 9. TASK STATEMENTS Helping Customers Mean SD Maintain and convey a positive, customer-service oriented attitude during customer-employee interactions 10.0 1.4 Provide customers with the Trader Joe’s “Wow!” experience 9.5 0.7 Attend to customer needs, questions, comments, and concerns 8.5 2.1 Engage and interact with customers when working the register, stocking product, or circulating the sales floor 7.0 0.0 Explain product information to customers 6.0 0.0 Access store inventory to verify if an item is in stock 3.5 0.7
  • 10. WORKER CHARACTERISTICS To perform tasks, crew members must possess certain KSAOs. • Knowledge: the existence in memory of a retrievable set of technical facts, concepts, language and procedures directly relevant to job performance. • Skills: the developed or trained capacity to perform tasks that call for the use of tools, equipment, or machinery • Abilities: the relatively enduring capacity to acquire skills or knowledge, where the use of tools, equipment, or machinery isn’t required • Other characteristics: include job-relevant interests, preferences, temperament, and personality characteristics that indicate how well an employee is likely to perform. Listed below are KSAOs created by the job analysts that are applicable to the crew member position. The job analysts determined these KSAOs through interviews and surveys of SMEs. The KSAOs that should be used in selection and training are also noted. Knowledge Selection Training Knowledge of Trader Joe’s products ✔ Knowledge of product locations in store ✔ Knowledge of point-of-sale system (POS) ✔ Knowledge of produce codes and product identifying information ✔ Knowledge of bell system procedures ✔ Knowledge of stocking, facing and product rotation policies ✔ Skills Selection Training Skill in POS operation ✔ Skill in using a box cutter ✔ Skill in bagging items effectively ✔ Skill in operating pallet jacks, flat carts, and hand carts ✔
  • 11. Abilities Selection Training Ability to use arithmetic ✔ Ability to stand or walk for up to 7 ½ hours ✔ Ability to lift up to 50 lbs occasionally (less than 1/3 of the work day) ✔ Ability to lift up to 10 lbs frequently (greater than 2/3 of the work day) ✔ Ability to work well with others in a team setting ✔ Ability to self-motivate ✔ Ability to manage time effectively ✔ Ability to regulate emotions when interacting with coworkers or customers ✔ Ability to communicate and relate with customers ✔ Ability to communicate and assist potential upset or irate customers ✔ Ability to anticipate customer needs and proactively fulfill them ✔ Ability to read POS display ✔ Ability to independently complete job duties without supervision ✔ Ability to organize and manipulate objects (spatial ability) ✔ Other Characteristics Selection Training Willingness to deal with upset or dissatisfied customers ✔ Willingness to abide by dress code ✔ WORKER CHARACTERISTICS
  • 12. SELECTION Overview Exemplary crewmembers will be customer service-oriented, demonstrate effective interpersonal skills, and function well in a team setting. Survey respondents indicated that characteristics usually associated with customer service such as communicating and relating with customers, anticipating customer needs, and assisting potentially upset or irate customers, are highly desired. These results suggest that hiring authorities should focus on the majority of crewmember abilities and other characteristics when selecting applicants for the position. Results also indicate that many of these characteristics are reasonable to expect in the general labor market and, whether inherent or acquired through other job experiences, do not require additional training for the average worker. Applicant Screening Applicants could demonstrate their qualifications through an online personality test, answering situational questions, and completing a basic math assessment. Those higher in the personality traits of conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion could be given preference due to their high correlation with performance in team and interpersonal settings. Interviewing Applicants with prior retail or customer service experience are desirable, as they are likely to possess similar experiences and required abilities due to the demands of previous employment. Situational interview questions and a work sample demonstration are also advised. Interviews could ask applicants to describe examples where they worked in a team, dealt with interpersonal conflict, or used time management to accomplish a series of tasks. While answering these prompts, the ideal applicant will communicate their ideas effectively and demonstrate friendly and appropriate interpersonal skills. Applicants should be asked why they desire the crewmember position, and their response should evidence a desire to work in a team setting, a passion for Trader Joe’s products and culture, and a positive, can-do, customer-oriented attitude. The work sample demonstration should include position specific tasks such as bagging groceries, moving products within the store, and stocking shelves in order to satisfy the exertional and postural requirements endorsed by respondents. Equal Employment Job incumbents and supervisors opined that postural and exertional abilities such as standing or walking for up to 7 ½ hours, lifting up to 10 pounds frequently, and lifting up to 50 pounds occasionally were necessary requirements for job applicants. However, due to the nature of these abilities, their use as a criterion-measure during the selection process may inadvertently lead to adverse impact or preclude certain protected classes. A more comprehensive job analysis is strongly advised in order to avoid potential legal considerations, establish ability-position validity, and develop reasonable accommodations for potentially affected applicants.
  • 13. TRAINING Survey results indicate that training should focus on crew members job- relevant knowledge and skills. Initial training in these areas should be provided to new hires to insure a minimum level of competency, and could be accomplished through demonstration, verbal instruction, or hands-on participation by another experienced incumbent or supervisor (in accordance with company policies and procedures). Role playing scenarios could also be enacted to practice or reinforce customer service skills. It is unlikely that further, periodic training on many of these items is warranted as accumulated job experience will reinforce these competencies. To illustrate, once satisfactory knowledge is attained in point- of-sale system operation, bell system procedures, or stocking, facing, and product rotation policies, further training would not be beneficial unless there are noted deficits in employee task performance. Several abilities were also indicated as items for training (ability to read POS display, ability to independently complete job duties without supervision, and ability to organize and manipulate objects), however these results may be due to the small pool of survey respondents. It is likely that these abilities will improve naturally as incumbents become more familiar with job demands and tasks, thus making them questionable targets for training interventions. Training provided by managers or supervisors is advised for the following: Ø To provide or reinforce product knowledge (notably when introducing seasonal or special products) Ø To inform crew members of newly implemented policies or procedures Ø On a periodic basis to reinforce safety-oriented policies or procedures Management may also avoid the need for formal training sessions by proactively addressing problems, incorrect actions, or unsafe behaviors as they occur during crew member shifts. Crew member performance may also be improved by clearly setting goals and expectations at the beginning of shifts. A hands-on learning and coaching style is also advised, as it allows managers to encourage effective work behaviors while also tailoring feedback messages to the individual.
  • 14. CONCLUSION The most essential job tasks for the crew member position are as follows: 1. Unload products from delivery vehicles, using a pallet jack if necessary 2. Manage time efficiently and accomplish assigned tasks within designated time frames 3. Transport product onto sales floor using flat carts, handcarts, or pallet jacks 4. Receive payment from customers, compute transaction totals mentally or through POS, and return appropriate change to customers 5. Maintain and convey a positive, customer service-oriented attitude during customer-employee interactions. The survey results indicate that product movement and display are of the greatest importance, and customer service-oriented tasks also hold high priority. This accounts for and helps explain the versatile functions of the crew member role. Selection During the selection process, hiring authorities should seek customer service and teamwork-oriented applicants who demonstrate passion for Trader Joe’s products and culture. Applicants should also be able and willing to deal with potentially upset or dissatisfied customers, and communicate effectively with customers and coworkers. Training Training for new crew members should emphasize the development of job-relevant knowledge and skills. Crew members will also gain competency in these areas as they accumulate job experience. Training can be provided through hands-on, demonstration, and verbal instruction methods. Role-playing could also be used to develop customer service skills. Periodic trainings on safety, policies, and store procedures may be implemented at the manager’s discretion. Legal Considerations Certain KSAOs endorsed by incumbents and respondents may result in adverse impact if used as selection criteria. The job analysts strongly advise a more thorough job analysis be conducted in order to establish the necessity and legality of these items in selection.
  • 15. LIMITATIONS There are several limitations with this analysis that should be taken into consideration when conducting future job analyses. Sample Size While this report is intended for only academic use, the small incumbent and respondent pool (n =2) limits the inferences that can be drawn regarding the validity of the analysis. In future analyses, analysts should strive towards a larger incumbent and respondent pool so that: (a) Interview and observation data regarding job tasks and characteristics is as thorough as possible, and; (b) Final survey results will be subject to less statistical error, and therefore provide a better representation of the job role as it is actually performed. Interview Process The interview format developed by the analysts, while yielding valuable information, also required considerable time to complete with incumbents. In order to save time and avoid redundancy in future analyses, the analysts will make the interview format briefer and more streamlined. Respondent Participation The survey was sent to 6 crew members, however only 2 completed the survey. As respondents did not have clear incentives to completing the survey, this response rate is understandable. In the future, response rates could be improved through monetary or other incentives (i.e. gift cards), or with the sanction and direction of the requesting organization. Legal Considerations As noted previously, several of the items in the questionnaire could lead to legal and ethical dilemmas if used for selection. In the future, analysts should take extra care in developing and validating such items, and should not include them in the selection process unless deemed legally defensible and necessary for average job performance.
  • 16. INTERVIEW FORMAT • What does a typical day look like? Work on a register • Can you describe what kind of tasks you do while working at the register? • What KSAOs are required to perform this work function? • What kind of knowledge is required? • What types of skills are required to complete tasks? • What mental or physical abilities are required to perform this function? Bag some groceries • What kind of tasks do you do while 'bagging some groceries?' • What kinds of abilities are required to perform this work function successfully? Stock the shelves • What kind of tasks do you do while stocking shelves? • What do you need to do before you stock the shelves? • What do you do after you stock the shelves? • What kinds of KSAOs are required to perform this work function? Build a display • Can you describe what you do to successfully build a display? • What do you need to do before you build the display? • What do you need to do once you have finished building the display? • What kinds of KSAOs are required to perform this work function? Have fun helping customers • Can you describe how you have fun helping customers? • In what ways do you help customers? • Do you ever not have fun helping customers? • How do you deal with that? • Are there any KSAOs that are required to successfully perform this work function?
  • 17. INTERVIEW FORMAT • Some tasks are performed on a non-routine basis, like taking inventory. Do you perform any non-routine tasks that we have not yet discussed? What are the steps you take to accomplish the task? What do you do to prepare for it? What follow-up activities do you do after the task? • Can you describe for me some critical incidents or situations that demonstrate either outstanding or poor job performance? For example, dealing with an angry customer? What led up to the incident? What did the employee do that was effective/ineffective? Were the consequences something the employee was in control of? • If you had to interview candidates for this position, what kind of information would you need to select the right person? • If you had to select a person for this position, what activities would you want to see them perform before hiring or promoting them? • What kinds of prior work experience, knowledge, skills, or abilities are essential for performing this job? • What types of knowledge, skills, or abilities would you most want to train incumbents to ensure they become or remain effective? • What skills or abilities should incumbents develop to ensure he or she will be able to perform the job as it changes in the future? • What kind of formal education is required for this job? • What kind of tools or equipment do you use? • What types of communication skills do you need? • Are there any other characteristics needed for this job? Is there anything we may have missed? Much travel ….. little travel Predictable Work Schedule ….. Unpredictable Work Schedule Flexible Work Hours ….. Set Work Hours Moderate-to-slow pace.... Depends on the shift.... Fast work pace Frequent high pressure for results.... low pressure for results Frequent deadlines.... infrequent deadlines Closely Supervised.... Varying supervision.... Little Supervision High level of decision making authority..... low to moderate decision making authority Establish own goals.... goals established by others Work closely with others ..... work mostly alone Able to accomplish scheduled tasks .... must continually reprioritize tasks much record keeping/routine paperwork .... minimal record keeping and paperwork Work requires attention to detail .... work focused on overall strategy Work requires little creativity …. Work requires much creativity Work and environment constantly changing.... Work environmental normally static
  • 18. CRITICAL INCIDENTS The Critical Incident Technique was used to collect examples of specific, direct, and observable behaviors of both unacceptable and outstanding performance in the crew member position. Critical incidents must include: 1. What led up to the behavior 2. The employee behavior itself 3. The consequences of the behavior The Critical Incident Technique can be useful in identifying traits for selection, training needs assessment, and training design. (Brannick, Levine, & Morgeson, 2007) Listed below are examples of both unacceptable and outstanding performance given by a crew member. Example of unacceptable behavior: During March Madness for basketball, the store will hold a sales contest to see who can sell the most of a certain product. I ended up selling more than another crewmember, who ended up getting upset, yelling at me, and threw my display on the floor. The supervisors heard of this behavior and decided to write up the disrespectful crew member. Example of outstanding performance: Being close to Shands Hospital, we sometimes have patients come into the store to shop. If I notice a customer is a Shands patient, I will go out of my way to offer the patient some flowers, free of charge. This puts a smile on their face and hopefully makes their day a little better.
  • 19. SURVEY INVITATION Hello crew members! For a class project, we have to evaluate how difficult and critical certain tasks and characteristics of the crew member’s role are. Since you probably know they job better than anyone else, we would greatly appreciate if you helped us by completing this survey. The survey will only take about 30 minutes to an hour to finish, but we ask that you carefully answer each one. Your answers will be kept anonymous and not shown to any of your coworkers or supervisors. This is solely for academic use. All questions must be answered in order to complete the survey. The first set of questions deals with tasks. You will be asked to rate each individual task on a 1-7 scale assessing the difficult and criticality of each. The second section lists characteristics of the job, which you will be asked to rate. We know the survey contains a lot of questions, and that it might not be the most amusing task, but we would greatly appreciate if you helped us get an A on our project! We would like to have all responses in by Sunday night. If you have any questions, feel free to email us! The link to the survey: http://ucf.qualtrics.com//SE/?SID=SV_5cDZEeJc9YIOCbP Thanks! Alexis Fawcett and Jonathan Cowan
  • 24. REFERENCES Brannick, M.T., Levine, E.L., & Mogeson, F.P. (2007). Job and work ANALYSIS:Methods, research, and applications for human resource management. (2nd ed.)Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483329505IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 22.0. Armonk,NY: IBM Corp. The survey for this report was generated using Qualtrics software, Version 2.4 of the Qualtrics research suite. Copyright © 2015 Qualtrics. Qualtrics and all other Qualtrics product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA. http://www.qualtrics.com The job analysts would like to thank the assistant manager and team members at Trader Joe’s Gainesville for their participation in this analysis.