Oracle Database 12c includes over 500 new features. Some key new features include: - Oracle Database 12c Express (EM Express) which replaces Database Control and has less features than Database Control but does not require Java or an app server. - New online capabilities like online DDL operations with no DDL locking, online move of partitions with no impact to queries, and online statistics gathering for bulk loads. - Adaptive SQL Plan Management which allows the optimizer to select a more optimal plan at execution time based on current statistics. - Multitenant architecture which allows consolidation of multiple databases into one container database with pluggable databases.

1. Oracle Database 12c
New Features
Alfredo Abate
February 28th, 2014

2. About me…
• Currently working as an Apps DBA at Brake Parts Inc. (manufacturer of
brake pads, rotors, calipers, etc.) Brand name “Raybestos”.
• 15 + years as an Oracle DBA
• Last 8+ years working as an Oracle Apps DBA
• Started on Oracle version 7.3.4 on OpenVMS
• First computer I owned was a Radio Shack TRS-80 (CoCo2)!

3. Another Version of Oracle!!!
At first new versions of the Oracle
database can seem intimidating.
• Fear of the unknown
• Learning curve
• New commands
• Buggy?

4. What’s in it for me?
• Can make you more efficient and help save your company money
• Keeps your job interesting
• Keep your skills current
• Fixes bugs in current versions
• New Features!

5. Oracle Database 12c
500 + New Features

6. Oracle 12c Database – EM Express
• Enterprise Manager Express replaces Database Control
• Lightweight and built into the database. No Java or App Server.
• Less features then Database Control
• Performance Hub portion requires the Oracle Diagnostic Pack
• To view SQL Monitor Data then it requires the Oracle Tuning Pack

7. Configuration
• Initialization parameters
management
• Memory management
• Database Feature Usage
• Database Properties
Storage
• Tablespace management
• Undo management
• Redo management
• Archive log management
• Control files management
Security
• Users
• Roles
Performance
• Real-time performance monitoring
and tuning
• Historical performance and tuning
• SQL monitoring (real-time and
historical)
• Database operations monitoring
• ADDM, including Real-Time ADDM
• Active Session History (ASH)
Analytics
• Automatic and manual SQL Tuning
Advisor

10. Database Migration for Unicode (DMU)
• Replacement of CSSCAN and CSALTER (desupported) with DMU
• Oracle Release needs to be 10.2.0.4, 10.2.0.5, 11.1.0.7, 11.2.0.1, or
later
• The database cannot be a 12c Pluggable Database (PDB). Migration
should be done before consolidation.
• Resource intensive and recommended to run on same host as
database.

12. Default Column Value Based on Sequence
Valid entries are sequence.CURVAL and sequence.NEXTVAL.

13. Inserting records…
Sequence numbers
automatically
defaulted

14. VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2 and RAW Datatypes
• New maximum size increase from 4000 to 32767 bytes.
• This gives more flexibility on choosing this column before making the
switch to a LOB datatype.
• Database parameter MAX_STRING_SIZE set to EXTENDED (default
STANDARD)

15. ONLINE Move Partition
• Can move a partition with no DDL blocking affect.
• Manual index rebuild no longer need (Global indexes maintained)

16. Enhanced Online DDL Capabilities
• No more DDL lock
• DDL operations included are:
• DROP INDEX ONLINE
• DROP CONSTRAINT ONLINE
• SET UNUSED COLUMN ONLINE
• ALTER INDEX UNUSABLE ONLINE
• ALTER INDEX [VISIBLE | INVISIBLE]

17. Adaptive SQL Plan Management
• Allows the optimizer to make a change in the plan if the default plan
is suboptimal based on current statistics
• Adaptive plan allows the optimizer to defer the final plan decision
until execution time
• Final plan is the plan executed to completion

18. Optimizer Statistics
Concurrent Statistics Gathering
• Leverages Job Scheduler and Advanced Queuing to gather stats in parallel
(down to individual partitions).
• Allows statistics gathering to finish quicker and takes advantage of
multiprocessor servers.
Dynamic Statistics
• May or may not decide to collect optimizer statistics if stale, missing, etc.
• Perfect for when initial data loads are being performed and statistics become
stale quickly.

19. Online Statistics Gathering for Bulk Loads
• After a bulk load using CTAS or INSERT INTO…SELECT
• Statistics automatically gathered for the table.

20. Oracle Data Pump Support for Database Consolidation:
Full Transportable
• Support for non-CDB and CDB databases (as well as PDBs).
• More automated than regular transportable tablespace option. No
extra step for metadata portion.
• Use to migrate to new hardware, OS (check endian format!) or
database version.

21. LOGTIME Parameter for Oracle Data Pump
• Ability to add timestamps to messages during export.
• Aids in providing timings of exports and identifying slowness with
certain areas of export.

22. Without LOGTIME
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 0 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLESPACE_QUOTA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER
With LOGTIME
10-FEB-14 21:27:44.815: Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
10-FEB-14 21:27:45.221: Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 0 KB
10-FEB-14 21:27:45.458: Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
10-FEB-14 21:27:45.538: Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
10-FEB-14 21:27:45.576: Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLESPACE_QUOTA
10-FEB-14 21:27:45.844: Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
10-FEB-14 21:27:55.649: Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER

23. Cloning a Database – CLONEDB
• Uses a backup copy of Production to clone to non-production
database
• Requirements:
• Every CloneDB must use Direct NFS (dNFS)
• Backup copy must be on NFS disk
• CloneDB will only contain changed blocks
• Similar to NetApp snapshot, Delphix

24. CLONEDB Example
Production
Backup
Clone1
Clone2
Clone3
NFS
Direct NFS (dNFS)/u01/prod/data
/u02/back/data
/u03/clone1/data
/u03/clone2/data
/u03/clone3/data
RMAN

25. RMAN Enhancements
• ACTIVE DUPLICATE Enhancements (SECTION SIZE and Compression)
• DUPLICATE enhancement (NOOPEN option)
• Storage Snapshot Optimization (use with 3rd party vendors)
• Table-Level Recovery From Backups (Yes!)

26. Move a Data File Online
• Data file can be moved while the system is up and being accessed
• Move in between different types of storage
• Move least frequently accessed data files to cheaper storage
• Move entire database to ASM

27. Oops! Forgot to include a number with my data file name.

28. Multiple Indexes on Same Set of Columns
• Only 1 index can be visible at a time
• Can only happen if characteristic are different
• B-tree versus bitmap
• Different partitioning strategy
• Unique versus non-unique

29. Queryable Patch Inventory
• Ability to read the patch inventory without having to opatch at the
command line or O/S level
• Use dbms_qopatch to retrieve data in XMLTYPE
• Can be used to automate auditing requirements
• Easy to capture for large multi-node RAC environment

30. Oracle Data Redaction
• Part of Oracle Advanced Security
• Ability to mask data at query execution time so the application only
sees what it needs to see
• Redaction can be Full, Partial, Random or even based on Expressions
• PCI, HIPAA or PII
• Example, SS# ***-**-1234

31. Last Login Time Information
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Fri Feb 22 06:59:44 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Thu Feb 21 2014 19:56:06 -06:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing opt
ions
SQL>
• Captures the last login time of a user and records it in the USER$ table
• Displayed in the SQL*Plus banner

32. Additional Security Enhancements
• SELECT ANY DICTIONARY no longer includes access to DEFAULT_PWD$,
ENC$, LINK$, USER$, USER_HISTORY$, and XS$VERIFIERS
• Separation of Duty for Database Administration with additional privileges:
• SYSBACKUP - Admin privilege gives someone the ability to run RMAN backups
• SYSDG – Admin privileges for Data Guard activities
• SYSKM – Admin privileges for Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) wallet
management

33. Oracle Database 12c Multitenant

34. CDB versus Non-CDB
Non-CDB (traditional) CDB (pluggable)
PDB2
CDB
PDB1PDB$SEED
CDBNon-CDB
CDB$ROOT

35. Container Database (CDB) Components
• CDB$ROOT (Root) – CDB databases only have 1 root
• PDB$SEED (Seed) – Template that’s used to create the PDBs
• PDB – You can have up to 252 PDBs in 1 CDB

36. Root Container (CDB$ROOT)
• Every CDB only has 1 root
• Stores all metadata related to PDBs
• Does not store user data!
• Can create common users and roles for other PDBs (start with C##)

37. Pluggable Database Seed (PDB$SEED)
• Every CDB only has 1 PDB seed
• Is the master template for creating PDBs
• Cannot be modified!

38. Pluggable Database (PDB)
• Each CDB can have up to 252 PDBs
• Appears to users and applications as a typical database (non-CDB)
• Used as physical segregation of applications
• Backwards compatible with Oracle versions prior to 12c (as a
standalone non-CDB)

39. CDB Data Files
PDB2
CDB
PDB1PDB$SEED
CDB
CDB$ROOT
SYSTEM
Redo
Logs SYSAUX
SYSAUXSYSTEMSYSAUXSYSTEM DATA SYSAUXSYSTEM DATA
UNDOTEMPControl
File
TEMP owned by Root can be shared or
each PDB can have it’s own
init File

40. CDB - What’s Common/What’s Not
• Users can be common (Root and all PDBs) or local (PDBs only)
• Roles can be common (Root and all PDBs) or local (PDBs only)
• SGA and background process shared by all (Root and PDBs)
• Character Set shared by all (Root and PDBs)

41. CDB Data Dictionary Hierarchy

42. DBCA

44. Creating a Pluggable Database

47. Starting up CDB does not startup PDBs automatically (mounted only)!
Automate with System Trigger (after startup on database)

48. Let’s rename our PDB!
PDBORA2 -> MICKEYMOUSE

50. Creating a Common User

51. Some Benefits of Multitenant
• Increase server utilization by consolidating to a Multitenant architecture
• Management of one CDB versus many non-CDBs. Patching and upgrading
down to one versus many. Still requires testing and 3rd party certification
• Backup one CDB versus multiple non-CDBs
• Provision PDBs quickly. Single step to clone a PDB versus typical multiple
steps
• Quickly move a PDB from one CDB to another CDB or even non-CDB.

52. Licensing Implication of Multitenant
• Enterprise Edition plus Multitenant License needed
• 47,500 per processor – Core DB License
• 17,500 per processor – Multitenant Option
• Multitenant architecture in single tenant configuration (one PDB per CDB). No
license required
• Multitenant architecture with multiple PDBs per CDB. Requires licensed
option but of course you can manage many as one and get all the other
benefits
• The multitenant architecture with one pluggable database (single tenant) is
available in all editions without the Multitenant Option.

53. We gained but we also lost!
• Deprecated – Available but should not use.
• Desupported – No longer available.
• Deprecation of Oracle Streams and Advanced Replication
• Moving to Oracle GoldenGate
• Desupport for Raw Storage Devices
• Block file storage on raw devices is not supported. Must use raw on ASM,
cluster file system or NFS. This includes OCR and voting files for Oracle
Clusterware.

54. • Desupport of CSSCAN and CSALTER. Replacement with Data Migration for
Unicode (DMU)
• Desupport of Oracle Net Listener Password
• Security not lost as still requires operating system authentication
• Oracle XML DB is Mandatory and Cannot Be Uninstalled. This is a required
component now with 12c (used by CDB and Database Express).

55. New Database INIT Parameters
• CONNECTION_BROKERS
• DNFS_BATCH_SIZE
• ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE
• HEAT_MAP
• MAX_STRING_SIZE
• OPTIMIZER_ADAPTIVE_FEATURES
• OPTIMIZER_ADAPTIVE_REPORTING_ONLY
• PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
• PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT
• PROCESSOR_GROUP_NAME
• NONCDB_COMPATIBLE
• SPATIAL_VECTOR_ACCELERATION
• TEMP_UNDO_ENABLED
• THREADED_EXECUTION
• UNIFIED_AUDIT_SGA_QUEUE_SIZE
• USE_DEDICATED_BROKER

56. How do I learn more about Oracle 12c?
• Download the Software
• Oracle 12c Documentation
• Oracle by Example
• Win the 12c book today!

57. Q & A