جميع قوانين كتاب الفيزياء بملف واحد

1. ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻮل‬‫اﻟﻤﺪرس‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬:‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
-١-
‫اﻻول‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬)‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‬(
‫اوﻻ‬:‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮاء‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻓﺮاغ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬)‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬(:
C
Q
2
1
PEor)V(.C
2
1
PEorQ.V
2
1
PE,
d
V
E,
V
Q
C
2
2
=∆=∆=
∆
=
∆
=
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬)‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬(:
d
A
kC,
d
A
C
‫ﺐ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺣ‬‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬
k
E
E,
k
V
V
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬VVor‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬QQ,CkC
C
Q
2
1
PEor)V(.C
2
1
PEorQ.V
2
1
PE
d
V
E,
V
Q
C
k
kk
kkk
k
2
k
k
2
kkkkkk
k
k
k
k
k
οο ε=ε=
=
∆
=∆
∆=∆==
=∆=∆=
∆
=
∆
=
‫ﻣﺘﻮا‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮازﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬‫ﻟﻴﺔ‬:
‫اوﻻ‬:‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬:
‫ﻫﻮاء‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻓﺮاغ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬)‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬(:
eq
2
T
T
2
TeqTTTT
T
T
eq
C
Q
2
1
PEor)V(.C
2
1
PEorQ.V
2
1
PE,
V
Q
C =∆=∆=
∆
=
‫اﻟﻬﻮاء‬ ‫او‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاغ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اذا‬)‫اﻟﻌﺎزل‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬(:
eqk
2
Tk
Tk
2
TkeqkTkTkTkTk
kTTkTTk
Tk
Tk
eqk
C
Q
2
1
PEor)V(.C
2
1
PEorQ.V
2
1
PE
CkC,‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬VVor‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺼ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻟ‬QQ
V
Q
C
=∆=∆=
=∆=∆=
∆
=

2. ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻮل‬‫اﻟﻤﺪرس‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬:‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
-٢-
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬:‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬
‫ت‬‫اﻟﺘﻮازي‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‬ ‫رﺑﻂ‬‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‬ ‫رﺑﻂ‬
1
‫ﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬
‫ان‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‬:
Ceq=C1 + C2 + C3 + ……. Cn
‫ﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻠ‬
‫ان‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻠﻮب‬:
n321eq
C
1
.......
C
1
C
1
C
1
C
1
+++=
2
‫أي‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﺤﻨﺎت‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﯿ‬ ‫ﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬
‫ان‬:
QT =Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + …….Qn
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺴﻌﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺔ‬‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﺤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺴﺎوي‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻜﻠﯿ‬
)‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺔ‬(‫ان‬ ‫أي‬:
QT =Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = …….Qn
3
‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﮭ‬ ‫ﺮق‬ ‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺴﺎوي‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭ‬ ‫ﺮق‬ ‫ﻓ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‬)‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق‬(‫ان‬ ‫أي‬:
∆VT =∆V1 = ∆V2 =∆V3 =…….∆Vn
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺴﻌﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺎوي‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﮭﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮق‬
‫ان‬ ‫أي‬:
∆VT =∆V1 + ∆V2 + ∆V3 + ……. ∆Vn
٤.........PEPEPEPE 321T +++=..........PEPEPEPE 321T +++=
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ‬ ‫ﺷﺤﻦ‬:
‫اوﻻ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻈﺔ‬
0PE,0E,0V,0Q
R
V
I,VV
C
battery
batteryR
===∆=
∆
=∆=∆
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺤﻦ‬ ‫اﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬:
C
Q
2
1
PEor)V.(C
2
1
PEorQ.V
2
1
PE
,
d
V
E,V.CQ,VV
0I,0V
2
2
C
C
CbatteryC
R
=∆=∆=
∆
=∆=∆=∆
==∆
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻎ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺎر‬‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬:
R
V
I C∆
=
C1
C2
C3
∆VT
∆VT
C1 C2 C3

3. ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻮل‬‫اﻟﻤﺪرس‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬:‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
-٣-
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬)‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺚ‬(
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬:
θν== sinBqF,EqF BE
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎق‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬:
ll
l
BIF,BIF,RIP,
t
q
I,
R
I
sinB
pull2B
2
dissipated
motional
ind
motional
===
∆
=
ε
=
θν=ε
‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬:
)cosAB(,cosAB BB θ∆=∆Φθ=Φ
‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬:
1212121B2BB
indind
indind
B
ind
coscoscos,AAA,BBB,
t
q
I,RIor
t
cos
NABor
cos
t
A
NBorcos
t
B
NAor
t
N
θ−θ=θ∆−=∆−=∆Φ−Φ=∆Φ
∆
∆
==ε
∆
θ∆
−=ε
θ
∆
∆
−=εθ
∆
∆
−=ε
∆
∆Φ
−=ε
‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬)‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻻ‬‫ت‬‫واﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻟﻄﻴﺔ‬:(
maxmaxmaxinsinsins
max
max
ins
ins
max
maxins
maxins
IP,IP,
R
I,
R
I
BNA,
)tsin(II
)tsin(
ε=ε=
ε
=
ε
=
ω=ε


ω=
ωε=ε
‫اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬:
R
V
I,I%xI,V%xorRIV
t
NRIVor
t
I
LRIVorRIV
ILNorILN
,III
t
Nor
t
I
L
app
constconstinsappindinsappind
B
insappinsappindinsapp
BB
1B2BB12
B
indind
===ε−=ε
∆
∆Φ
+=
∆
∆
+=ε+=
=Φ∆=∆Φ
Φ−Φ=∆Φ−=∆
∆
∆Φ
−=ε
∆
∆
−=ε
,
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدل‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬:
t
NRIVor
t
I
LRIV
LLM,IMNorIMN
,III
RIor
t
Nor
t
I
M
1B
11insapp
1
11insapp
2112B212B2
1B2B2B121
222ind
2B
22ind
1
2ind
∆
∆Φ
+=
∆
∆
+=
==Φ∆=∆Φ
Φ−Φ=∆Φ−=∆
=ε
∆
∆Φ
−=ε
∆
∆
−=ε

4. ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻮل‬‫اﻟﻤﺪرس‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬:‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
-٤-
‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬)‫اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎوب‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬(
‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬:
‫اوﻻ‬:‫ﺻﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
RIPorVIPorRI
2
1
PorVI
2
1
P
P
2
1
P
RIPorVIP
RIPorVIP
I
V
Ror
I
V
Ror
I
V
R
RZ,0X,0X
V2V,I2I,
)tsin(VV
)tsin(II
1cosPf,0
2
effaveffeffav
2
mavmmav
mav
2
RinsRRins
2
mmmmm
eff
eff
m
m
R
R
CL
effmeffm
mR
mR
====∴
=
==
==
===
===
==


ω=
ω=
=φ==φ
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫ﺻﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺚ‬)‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﮭﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ‬(
f2,
I
V
XorLX
XZ,0X,0R
)90tsin(II
)tsin(VV
or
)90tsin(VV
)tsin(II
0cosPf,90
L
L
LL
LC
mL
mL
mL
mL
π=ω=ω=
===



°−ω=
ω=



°+ω=
ω=
=φ=°=φ
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫ﺻﺮف‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ‬
f2,
I
V
Xor
C
1
X
XZ,0X,0R
)90tsin(VV
)tsin(II
or
)90tsin(II
)tsin(VV
0cosPf,90
C
C
CC
CL
mC
mC
mC
mC
π=ω=
ω
=
===



°−ω=
ω=



°+ω=
ω=
=φ=°=φ

5. ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻮل‬‫اﻟﻤﺪرس‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬:‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
-٥-
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫او‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬:
‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬:
IIIII CLRT ====
‫اوﻻ‬:‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻟﻄﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬:
II,VV,V2V,I2I
)tsin(VVor)tsin(VV
)tsin(II
V
V
cosPf
V
V
tanor
V
V
tanor
V
VV
tan
VVVorVVVor)VV(VV
effTeffeffmeffm
m)ins(Tm)ins(T
mins
T
R
R
C
R
L
R
CL
2
C
2
R
2
T
2
L
2
R
2
T
2
CL
2
R
2
T
====
φ−ω=φ+ω=
ω=
=φ=
−
=φ=φ
−
=φ
+=+=−+=
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬:
Z
R
cosPf
R
X
tanor
R
X
tanor
R
XX
tan
XRZorXRZor)XX(RZ
CLCL
2
C
222
L
222
CL
22
=φ=
−
=φ=φ
−
=φ
+=+=−+=
‫اﻟﺘﻮازي‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬:
VVVVV LCRT ====
‫ﻧﺠﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬:
Teffeffeffmeffm
m)ins(Tm)ins(T
mins
T
R
R
L
R
C
R
LC
2
L
2
R
2
T
2
C
2
R
2
T
2
LC
2
R
2
T
II,VV,I2I,V2V
)tsin(IIor)tsin(II
)tsin(VV
R
Z
cosPfor
I
I
cosPf
I
I
tanor
I
I
tanor
I
II
tan
IIIorIIIor)II(II
====
φ−ω=φ+ω=
ω=
=φ==φ=
−
=φ=φ
−
=φ
+=+=−+=

6. ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻮل‬‫اﻟﻤﺪرس‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬:‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
-٦-
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮا‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫واﻟﺘﻮازي‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬:
‫اوﻻ‬:‫اوم‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬
C
C
C
L
L
L
R
R
T
T
I
V
X,
I
V
X,
I
V
R,
I
V
Z ====
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ورادة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺚ‬ ‫رادة‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬
f2,
C
1
X,LX CL π=ω
ω
=ω=
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬:‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬
app
real
P
P
Pf =
‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻈﺎھﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎب‬
φ
===
φ===
cos
P
PorZIPorVIP
cosVIPorRIPorVIP
real
app
2
TappTTapp
TTreal
2
RrealRRreal
‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬ ‫رﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬:
C
C
C
r
L
Lrr
r
CrL
r
12
rr
T
r
appreal
CLRTCLX
I
V
X,
I
V
X,f2,
C
1
X,LX
C
L
R
1
QforQf
L
R
or
f2,
CL
1
,
CL2
1
f,
R
V
I
PP,1cosPf,0
RZ,XX,0X,VV,VV,0V
==π=ω
ω
=ω=
=
ω∆
ω
=
=ω∆ω−ω=ω∆
π=ω=ω
π
==
==φ==φ
======
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬)‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮوﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت‬(
λ=
λ
=
λ
=
π=ω=ω
π
=
fc,
4
,
2
f2,
CL
1
,
CL2
1
f rr
ll

7. ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻮل‬‫اﻟﻤﺪرس‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬:‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
-٧-
‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬)‫اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺎت‬(
Cn
P
m
mm
12
sin
1
n,n,tann
msind,
N
W
d
L
y
tan,
d
L
y,
d
L)
2
1
m(
y,
d
Lm
y
2
sind,)
2
1
m(,m,
θ
=
λ
λ
=θ=
λ=θ=
=θ
λ
=∆
λ+
=
λ
=
∆
λ
π
=Φ
θ=∆λ+=∆λ=∆−=∆
l
llllll
‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬)‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬(
ν∆=∆
π
=∆∆
π
≥∆∆
ν
=λ=λ
λ
==
λ
==
λ=λ=ν==−=
+=×=λσ=
ο
ο
οο
−
mP,
4
h
Px,
4
h
px
m
h
,
P
h
hc
WorhfW,
hc
EorhfE
fc,fc,m
2
1
KE,eVKE,WEKE
C273T,10898.2T,TI
2
maxemaxsmaxmax
3
m
4
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫ﻊ‬)‫اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺎت‬(
BinEinCout
2
inininininout
2
outoutoutoutout
inininoutoutout
V
in
out
in
out
V
in
out
IIorII,II
RIPorVIP,RIPorVIP
RIV,RIV
AGor
P
P
G,
V
V
A,
I
I
===
====
==
×α====α

8. ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻮل‬‫اﻟﻤﺪرس‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬:‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
-٨-
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬)‫واﻟﻠﻴﺰر‬ ‫اﻟﺬرﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﻃﻴﺎف‬(
C273T
kTEorkTEE
kT
)EE(
exp
N
N
eV
ch
,)cos1(
cm
h'
Ve
hc
,fc,
h
Ve
f
m
2
1
KE,eVKE
)
2
h
(nL
hc
EorhfEorEEE
12
12
1
2
e
minminmaxmax
2
maxemaxmax
n
12
+=
=∆=−



 −−
=
=λθ−=λ−λ=λ∆
=λλ==
υ==
π
=
λ
=∆=∆−=∆
‫اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬)‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬(
4222
rel
2
rel
rel
2
2relrelrel
rel
2
2relrelrel
2
relrel
2
clarel
2
2
cla
relrelrelcla
2
relrel
2
2rel
2
2
2
2
2
2
cmcPE
E)1(KEorE)1
c
1
1
(KEorEEKE
EEor
c
1
E
EorEKEEorcmE,cmE
PPor
c
1
P
P,mP,mP
mcE,mmm,mmor
c
1
m
m
L
Lor
c
1LL,ttor
c
1
t
t
c
1
1
ο
οοο
ο
ο
οοο
ο
οο
ο
ο
οο
ο
+=
−γ=−
υ
−
=−=
γ=
υ
−
=+===
γ=
υ
−
=υ=υ=
=−=∆γ=
υ
−
=
γ
=
υ
−=γ=
υ
−
=
υ
−
=γ

9. ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬‫اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻮل‬‫اﻟﻤﺪرس‬ ‫اﻋﺪاد‬:‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬
-٩-
‫اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ‬)‫اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬(
m10F1,J106.1MeV1,1066.1u1
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻼت‬:
c)MMMM(Q,c)MMM(Q
fc,
ch
EorhfE
A
E
'E,MNmZMm,c)MNmZM(EorcmE
V
'm
,Ar
3
4
VorR
3
4
V
ArRorArR,Zeq,mcE,Au'm,NZA,X
1513kg27
2
byxa
2
dp
b
bnH
2
nHb
2
b
33
3
1
32A
Z
−−−
αα
ο
οο
=×=×=
−−+=−−=
λ=
λ
==
=−+=∆−+=∆=
=ρπ=π=
=====+=