History of honey in world A Research Report By Mr Allah dad khan.

1. History of Honey/
Honey bees in World
A Report By
Mr.Allah Dad Khan

4. 150 million years
• Firstly, opinions vary
about how long honey
bees have been around
on the planet: some
sources state that
fossilized remains of
honey bees dating back
150 million years.

5. 100m years ago
• The latest bee find, one
preserved in amber found
in Myanmar (Burma), now
dates bees to an estimated
100 million years ago,
during the Cretaceous. This
is the time of dinosaurs, and
makes bees even older than
Australia. (These were
solitary, non-social bees.)
•

6. 96-74 million yrs ago
• The oldest known fossil bee, a stingless bee
named Trigona prisca, was found in the Upper
Cretaceous of New Jersey,U.S.A. and dates
from 96 to 74 million years ago.

7. 65m yrs Ago
• The honey bee first appeared
on our planet in the Tertiary
period at the beginning of the
Cenozoic era, that is 65 million
years ago - much earlier that
the appearance of humans. If
we assume that honey
appeared together with bees,
we can conclude that until
almost the 16th century after
Christ, honey was the only
naturally sweet food in the
"known" world.
•

8. 40 million yrs ago
• Dating back to over 40
million years before the
evolution of man,
Honey is the oldest
sweetener existent in
the world

9. 20-10 million yrs ago
• -Honey-storing social
bees developed during
the Miocene, between
20-10 million years ago.
These bees made their
nests in hollow trees,
caves, crevices, rocks
and holes in the
ground.
•

10. Australopithicus, 4M BC

11. 2.5 million yrs ago
• Anthropologists have
suggested
early Homo was a meat-
and-potatoes kind of
hominid. Starting
roughly 2.5 million
years ago, early species
of Homo were the first
hominids to have brains
bigger than an ape’s.

12. 300000 yrs ago
• Researchers at the Uppsala
University used genomic
analysis to decode
evolutionary history of
honeybees. The team said that
the honeybee (Apis mellifera)
came from an ancient lineage
of bees that lived in cavities.
These ancient bees came from
Asia around 300,000 years ago
and spread to Europe and
Africa. The study challenges
the idea that honeybees
originated from Africa.
•

13. 100000 yrs Ago
• Honey was the most
important sweetener for
food and alcoholic drinks in
ancient times. So important
were these activities that
parents named their
children after the bees.
Both Deborah and Melissa
mean "bee", in Hebrew and
Greek respectively. It has
been sought as an
antiseptic and sweetener
for at least 100,000 years.

14. 130000yrs ago
• Neanderthal
• Neanderthals had a
higher volume to surface
ratio, with shorter legs
and a bigger body,
compared to Homo
sapiensbecause they
inhabited higher
latitudes, in conformance
withBergmann's rule, and
their larger stature
explains their larger brain
size because brain size

15. 30000 yrsago
• The Australian aboriginal
connection with bees and
honey stretches back
easily more than 30,000
years and examples of
Aboriginal art in the form
of rock paintings as well
as carved images on
eucalyptus bark portray
beehives and men with
bags of honey over their
shoulders.

16. 10000 yrs Ago
• The earliest records of
humans eating honey
(and wax), are believed
to date back 10,000
year

17. 10000 yrs ago
• -Hives have been in
existence since
Palaeolithic times, about
10,000 years (as depicted
in early rock paintings in a
Spanish cave in Valencia,
in which a ladder was
used to reach the nest
and a container was used
to hold the honey
combs).
•

18. 9000 yrs ago
• There’s no denying it:
we’re in a long-term
relationship… with bees.
Recent evidence
published in the
journal Nature shows that
humans have been
depending on honey bees
for about 9,000 years.
•

19. 9000 yrs ago
• Archaeologists have
found evidence on
pottery that people
were using honeycomb
at least 9,000 years ago.

20. 9000 yrs ago
• Beekeeping may go
back to the early years
of agriculture, up to
9,000 years ago
.Archaeologists have
found evidence on
pottery that people
were using honeycomb
at least 9000 years ago.

21. 8500 yrs Ago
• Residue scraped from
pottery shows humans
used bee products as
long as 8,500 years ago

23. 8000 yrs ago
• Honey is as old as history is
itself. One of the earliest
evidence of honey
harvesting is on a rock
painting dating back 8000
years, this one found in
Valencia, Spain shows a
honey seeker robbing a wild
bee colony. The bees were
subdued with smoke and
the tree or rocks opened
resulting in destruction of
the colony.

24. 7000 yrs ago
• This has been indicated
in prehistoric drawings
found in caves, whilst
drawings found in Spain
and believed to be
around 7,000 years old,
appear to indicate a
form of beekeeping.

25. 4000 yrs ago
• We have more than
4,000 years of recorded
use of honey as
medicine from the
ancient world to the
present. It has even
been successfully used
as battlefield medicine
from the time of The
Iliad to as recently as
World War I.

26. 4000 yrs ago
• If we journey back 4000
years to ancient Egypt,
hieroglyphics show the
story of the bee’s life.
So primitive man had
discovered the delight
of honey by then — for
centuries it was the
only sweetener
available

27. 3000 yrs ago
• Recently discovered
beehives from ancient
Israel 3,000 years ago
appear to be the oldest
evidence for
beekeeping ever found,
scientists reported.
•

28. 3000 yrs ago
• The hives have a small hole
on one side for the bees to
come and go, and on the
other side is a lid for the
beekeeper to use to access
the honeycomb. The
archeologists used carbon
dating on grains that had
spilled from a broken
storage jar next to the hives
to estimate that they were
about 3,000 years old.
•

29. 3000 yrs ago
• Overall, the findings
"suggest that
beekeeping already was
an elaborate
agricultural practice
in Israel 3,000 years
ago,

30. 3000 yrs go
• Then, three years ago,
researchers found a 3,000-year-
old apiary in the Iron Age city of
Tel Rehov in the Jordan Valley, the
oldest known commercial
beekeeping facility in the world,
suggesting that the word "honey"
likely referred to the real thing.
Now the same researchers have
gotten an even bigger surprise:
The bees that were kept in the
hives were most likely from
Turkey, hundreds of miles away.
•

31. 8000-6000 BC
• They wrote that they
don’t know when or
where the people first
started using the
honeybee , though they
noted there is an example
of rock art from 6,000 to
8,000 years old in Spain
showing a person
apparently harvesting
wild honey from a tree.

32. 8000 BC
• Goddess wearing a
beehive as a tiara
Hacilar, ancient Turkey
circa 8000 BCE. This is
the origin on the
beehive shaped Mitre
of the Cohen Priests.
•

33. 7000 BC
• Ancient Egyptians
bestowed their pharaohs
the title "Bee King"
(among others), thanks to
the extensive beekeeping
in Lower Egypt that kept
the land flowing with
honey. Images in tombs
show cylindrical hives
dating as far back as
the 7th century B.C.

34. 7000 BC
• The oldest evidence they
found dates back to 7,000
B.C. in Anatolia, or Asia
Minor. One Stone Age site
in southeastern Turkey
called Çayönü Tepesi,
yielded exceptionally
well-preserved beeswax
residue from that time
period, according to the
paper.

35. 7000 BC
• where it was mentioned
in Sumerian and
Babylonian cuneiform
writings, the Hittite code,
and the sacred writings of
India and Egypt. It is
presumably even older
than that. Cave paintings
in Spain from 7000BC
show the earliest records
of beekeeping.

36. 6000 BC
• Gathering honey from wild
bee colonies dates even
further back—with some of
the earliest evidence
recorded in a rock painting
from around 6,000 B.C. in
Valencia, Spain that depicts
a honey hunter raiding a
hive. Yet how common and
widespread this practice
was remained unclear, until
now, according to a new
study published today in the
journal Nature.

37. 5500 BC-5000 BC
• The team found abundant
evidence for humans
using honeybee products
in the Balkans, dating
from roughly 5,500 B.C. to
4,500 B.C. and from North
Africa from 5,000 B.C. The
farthest north the
researchers were able to
find wax residues was
Denmark.

38. Spain,
4500BC

39. 4000 BC
• It is not entirely clear but
about 4000 BC, the
Egyptians started keeping
bees in a cylinder of
unbaked hardened mud
pots, stacking them in
rows to form a bank.
Some beekeepers in
Egypt moved their hives
on rafts down the Nile,
following the blossoms.

40. 3000 BC
• The ancient Egyptians
used honey as a wound
treatment as early as
3000 BC and it has been
found in Egyptian
tombs

41. 2700 BC
• The first records (2700
BC) of the pharmaceutical
and nutritional value of
honey were found in
Mesopotamia, the
birthplace of the first
organized communities.
•

42. 2500 BC
• Egyptian wall paintings
and reliefs dating to
about 2500 BC illustrate
the beekeeping process,
Kritsky said.
•

43. 2400 BC
•
Relief from the Temple
of the Sun (Ne-user-re,
Abu Ghorab). Egypt
2400 BC.
From: Eva Crane. The
World History of
Beekeeping and Honey
Hunting

45. 2400 BC
• The earliest record of
keeping bees in hives
was found in the sun
temple erected in 2400
BC near Cairo.

46. 2100 BC
• Exactly how long honey
has been in existence is
hard to say because it
has been around since
as far back as we can
record. Honey is as old
as written history,
dating back to 2100 B.C.
•

47. 2060-1786 BC
• It seems that its use
was originally a royal
privilege and its use and
commerce spread to
the general population
only after the Middle
Dynasty (2060-1786 BC)

48. 2000-1100 BC
• In ancient Egyptian
poetry honey was used
also as a symbol of love.
In the few poems
written between 1100
and 2000 BC and
transmitted into our
times honey is
mentioned twice.

49. 1700 BC
• Honey bees were
regarded as mother
Goddesses (see link
below) as one of a
series of identical
plaques recovered at
Camiros in
Rhodes dating from the
archaic period of Greek
art in the seventh
century BC shows.

50. The Beekeepers, 1568 BC by Pieter
Bruegel the Elder

52. 1500 BC
• Knosis Crete 1500 BCE. The
importance of bee-keeping to the
Minoans is documented in the Linear
A hieroglyphs, where there are
already drawings of actual beehives,
testifying to a long history probably
going back to the Neolithic era. The
onyx gem from Knossos shows the
Bee Goddess bearing upon her head
the bull’s horns with the double axe
inside their curve. The dogs – later
the dogs of the underworld
belonging to Hecate and Artemis –
are winged and flying so close to the
Goddess that their wings, at first
glance, appear as hers.
•

53. 1500 BC
• The tombs at Mycenae
were shaped as
beehives, as was the
omphalos at Delphi in
Classical Greece, where
Apollo ruled with his
chief oracular Priestess,
the Pythia, who was
called the Delphic Bee.

54. 1500-1000 BC
• In ancient India honey
was worshiped in many
scriptures. In the Vedas,
created 1000-1500 BC
we find in the Rig Veda

55. 1450 BC
• 1450 BC .Some of the
great jars, or pithoi, found
at Knossos were used to
store honey.
• The Greeks modified the
Egyptian design baking
the mud into a sturdier
terra cotta. (1450BC).
They called the honey
"nectar from the gods".

56. 1450 BC
• Gold seal ring, c. 1450
BC. From a tomb at
Isopata, near Knossos.
•

57. 1350 BC
• Anaylsis of the contents of a hive
found in a 19th Dynasty grave
(1350 BC) in Thebes (Deir el-
Medineh) revealed pollen grains,
which aided in the estimation of
the degree of change in the
honey-producing plants over
time. During this period, the
Egyptians placed hives on ships
travelling Nile, in search of
flowering plants. In other words,
we have the first attempt at
nomadic bee-keeping. The hunt
for "wild" honey was very popular
and was protected by the King's
army.

58. 1000-900 BC
• The researchers found
three rows of these
hives in a courtyard that
used to be part of a
large architectural
complex during the
10th to 9th centuries
B.C.
•

59. 920 BC
• But historical records
indicate that the city was
captured by an Egyptian
pharaoh about 920 BC
and its heavy industry
destroyed. That time
frame is close to the
radiocarbon date for the
bees, "so perhaps a raid
by the Egyptian army
caused this," Mazar said.

60. 800 BC
• Homer is the first Greek
poet, he wrote his
works aroung 800 BC.
In his Hymn to Hermes
he writes about the bee
priestesses Melissae,
here in the translation
of Miss Jane Harrison

61. 771 BC
• However, the Chinese
went ahead the rest of
the world in terms of
collecting, preserving and
consuming honey, as they
were the ones to begin
beekeeping while the rest
of the world searched for
bee nests to procure
honey as early as 771 BCE
itself.

62. 700 BC
• <<< This painting depicts
the Buddha while living in
the deep forest, where no
people were around who
could support him by
offering food. The monkey
then gave the Buddha
some honey. Other animal
also gave him various
foodstuffs. Picture of a
wallpainting in a monastery
in Laos
•

64. 700 BC
• Bee Coin from Sicily 700
BCE.
•

65. Egypt
660BC

66. 600-300 BC
• According to the book
‘Bee’ by Claire Preston,
the Picts (iron age
people from Northern
Scotland, UK), were
making honey ale
between 300 – 600 BC.
•

67. 600-140 BC
• In Greece, during the
“golden age” (600-140
B.C.), bees were studied
for their own interest
rather than their
exploitation

68. 582-485 BC
• The poem about Eros and
the bees is attritubuted
to Anacreon 582 BC-485
BC.
• Anacreon (/əˈnækriən/; Gre
ek: Ἀνακρέων ὁ Τήϊος; c.
582 – c. 485 BC) was
aGreek lyric poet, notable
for his drinking songs and
hymns. Later Greeks
included him in the
canonical list of nine lyric
poets.

69. 570-495 BC
• Pythagoras of Samos
(c.570-495 BCE)
• Describes about Honey
as a Food

70. Greeks
• 384 BC, Aristotle wrote
much about
beekeeping.
• Foulbrood
• First to note that
honeybee's don't visit
flowers of different
kinds on one flight, but
remain constant to one
species.

71. 384-322 BC
• Aristotle’s Natural
History (344-342 B.C.)
contains a variety of
direct observations on
honey and bees. The
Iliad and the Odyssey
make many references
to honey.

72. 256 BC
• hus, in the year 256 BCE a
beehive owner named
Senchons wanted her
donkey returned to her, so
that she could move her
hives into the
pastures.[Sometimes the
hives had to be transported
to higher lying land, to
prevent them from being
destroyed in the annual Nile
inundation, as the so-called
bee-keepers' petition dating
from the middle of the third
century

74. 247-181 BC
• The Romans used
honey to heal their
wounds after battles.
Hannibal, a great
warrior gave his army
honey and vinegar as
they crossed the alps on
elephants to battle
Rome.

75. 200 BC
• Aristophanes of Byzantium,
the head of the library at
Alexandria around 200 BCE,
claimed, that the
beekeepers approached the
hives with shaven heads, as
the bees reacted very
violently to the smell of
perfumed oil applied to the
hair.[14]Apiarists are never
shown using protective gear
and relied on smoke blown
into the hives to keep the
bees peaceful.
• Aristophanes, of
Byzantium, librarian of
Alexandria (1), c. 257–180
BCE
•

76. 64-24 AD
• Strabo (64 BC–24 AD)
considered honey as one
of the prominent
products of “Arabia Felix”,
indicating in
his Geographica, “the far
western parts, towards
Ethiopia, were irrigated
by summer rainfall and
cultivated twice a year,
and honey was one of its
numerous yields and was
enormously abundan

77. 40 BC
• Virgil wrote about beekeeping in
about 40BC
• Keep hives:
– Near water
– Out of the wind
– Away for lizards, moths, and
birds
• Emphasized the hives ruler
• Praised Bees for their abstension
from Sexual intercourse
• Spontaneous Generation?

78. 50 AD
• Democritus, a contemporary
of Hippocrates, thought a diet
including honey led to a longer
life. Honey was used by the
ancient Greek physician
Dioscorides (50 AD) for
sunburn and infected wounds,
as well as for coughs and for
poisoning by toadstools,
snakes and rabid dogs. Rather
ironically, the Ancient Romans
used honey medicinally as
both a laxative and a cure for
diarrhoea.

80. 50 AD
• Pliny wrote about
beekeeping in about
50AD.
• Wrote about wax, and
propolis
• Described a transparent
(Observation) hive
• The Mead consumed by
the Celts!
• “Bees are the smallest of
birds, and are born from
the bodies of oxen”

81. 79 AD
• Blinos (79 AD) noted
that, “Arabia Felix
wealth outperformed
the whole world, as its
lands had perfumed
jungles, gold mines,
irrigating water and
produced a lot of honey
and wax”

82. 400 AD
• -Early European manuscripts (the earliest
dating around A.D. 400) describe honey as
used for food, drink, medicinal, various
preservative purposes, and in magico-religious
rites

83. 571-632 AD
• -In the Middle East, the Arabs, with their Muslim
religion (founded by Muhammad the Prophet, A.D.
571-632), built a vast empire which included Northern
Africa, Spain and eastwards beyond what is now Iran.
An Arab writer (Ibn Magih) quotes Muhammad as
saying, “Honey is a remedy for every illness, and the
Koran is a remedy for all illnesses of the mind,
therefore I recommend to you both remedies, the
Koran and honey.”
•

85. • The reasons these foods were so important
around holidays of religious significance were
several, including a belief in the medicinal
properties of honey. When a bowl of casīda is
eaten in celebration of the Prophet’s birthday,
it reminds the believer that the holy Koran
was recited to Muhammad by the angel
Gabriel near Mecca in 610 A. D

86. 854-932 AD
• The Persian physician Al-Razi
advised using a mixture of
honey and vinegar as a
remedy for skin conditions,
but also for gum disease. This
advice has now been proven
to hold some merit as recent
studies suggest that the
natural antibacterial
properties of honey halt the
growth of bacteria in the
mouth and potentially even
prevent gingivitis.
• Abūbakr-e Mohammad-e
Zakariyyā-ye Rāzī
Persian: ‫رازى‬ ‫زکرياى‬ ‫د‬ّ‫م‬‫مح‬ ‫ابوبكر‬

87. 1000 AD
• During the 10 century,
the Kings and Queens of
England had fermented
honey wine (Mead), the
Edmeades family
produced some of
these.
•

88. 1532 AD
• 1538 – Spanish import
the first European
honey bees to South
America.

89. 1600 AD
• Honey bees are thought
to originate in Africa,
and were actually
brought to North
America by European
colonists in the early
1600s

90. 1600 AD
• Although experts argue
whether the honeybee is
native to the Americas,
conquering Spaniards in
1600 A.D. found native
Mexicans and Central
Americans had already
developed beekeeping
methods to produce
honey.
•

91. 1600-1700 AD
• The bees in the United
States were brought here
when EuropeansEuropeans:
people from
Europe migrated here in the
1600s and 1700s. Honey
bees and bumblebees are
probably the best known.
Bees are a
very beneficial insect that
are necessary for the
pollination of many plants.
•

92. 1622 AD
• Apis mellifera mellifera
• Called variably the
German black bee or
north European bee,
this race is thought to
be the first to make
landfall in
North America , most
likely in the year 1622
on the coat of virginia.

93. 1682 AD
• 1682 – George Wheler –
an English clergyman
and travel writer,
discovers and describes
Greek hives (forerunner
of modern hives with
movable frames).

94. 1700 AD
• 1700 – Again according to
the book “Bee” above,
written by Claire Preston, it
wasn’t until 1700 that it was
understood bees gather
nectar from flowers with
which honey is made. Prior
to this time, it was thought
the honey was collected by
the bees ready-made in the
flowers!
•

96. 1789 AD
• The Leaf Hive, invented
in Switzerland in 1789
by Francis Huber, was a
fully movable frame
hive. The combs in this
hive were examined like
pages in a book. A.I.
Root and E.R. Root
credit Huber with
inventing the first
movable framehive.

97. 1750-1831 AD
• In 1792 a blind
naturalist,
FrancoisHuber,
published a book in
Geneva on bees and
honey. The honey
industry that we know
today began to grow

98. Francis Huber
• Fully movable frame, Leaf, hive 1789
• Observations on Bees
• Queen mating practices and role of Drones

99. 1800 AD
• It took until the 1800s for
the beekeeper Lorenzo
Langstroth to invent a bee
hive that allowed for easy
hive manipulation and
removal of honey – which
is the same bee hive
model we use today.
•

100. 1804 AD
• Napoleon used the bee as
a symbol of his empire
after his coronation in
1804. It stood for
industry, efficiency and
productivity. Also
emblematic of
immortality and
resurrection, the bee was
chosen to link the new
dynasty to the very
origins of France

101. 1820-22 AD
• In the early 1820’s the
honeybee was brought
to Australia aboard the
ship Isabella.
• -Honey bees were
introduced to Australia
in 1822.
•

102. 1831 AD
• -European bees were
successfully introduced
to Tasmania in the
1831.
•

103. Rev. Lorenzo
Lorraine
Langstroth
(1810 – 1895)
“Father of American Beekeeping”
Andover, MA 1836
- 1847

104. 1838 AD
• 1838 - Johann Dzierzon, a
Polish apiculturist,
devised the first practical
movable-comb beehive,
which allowed
manipulation of
individual honeycombs
without destroying the
structure of the hive.
Dzierzon discovered the
phenomenon of
parthenogenesis in bees .

105. 1850 AD
• By 1850, honey was
being produced by bees
and harvested by man,
over almost the whole
world. At this time, the
modern movable-frame
hive was invented, and
its use became widely
spread.

107. 1851 AD
• The straw skep became the
norm for more than a
millennium, until humans
discovered that a simple
wooden box also would
work, as long as it had an
opening that the bees could
use as an entrance. Some of
the earliest box hives were
octagonal, to mimic the
shape of a hollow tree, but
square wooden hive boxes
soon prevailed. The
moveable frame hive now in
use was developed in 1851

108. 1851 AD
• 1851 – L.L. Langstroth of
Philadelphia USA – the
"father of American
beekeeping had access to
translations of Dzierzon's
works., built upon the
design of Dzierzon, and
others (such as Francis
Huber of Switzerland),
and designed a
completely movable
frame hive

109. 1890 AD
• 1890 – William
Broughton Carr, English
inventor and beekeeper,
invented the WBC
beehive (pictured left).
Learn more about the
different types ofhoney
bee hives.

110. 1900 AD
• By the year 1900, most
modern beekeepers
were using variants of
the Langstroth hive with
Hoffman-style frame,
like the ones used
today.

111. Brother Adam 1898 - 1996

112. 1914 AD
• Osip Mandelstam,
Russian writer, 1914
•
1891-1938, a famous
Russian poet, wrote a
beaitiful poem about
joy and the honey bee:

113. 1920 AD
• 1852-1933, famous
American poet and
clergyman, wrote a beatiful
poem on the bees.
• Henry Jackson van
Dyke(November 10, 1852 –
April 10, 1933) was an
American author, educator,
and clergyman.[1]
•
• Henry Jackson van
Dyke(November 10, 1852 –
April 10, 1933) was an
American author, educator,
and clergyman.[1]
•

114. Albert Einstein during a lecture in
Vienna in 1921 AD

115. 1925 – Brother Adam
Breeding Honeybees for certain traits:
the Buckfast Bee
• Good Temper
• Disease-Resistance
• Prolific
• Propensity for hard
work
• Disinclination to
swarm

116. 1948 AD
• 1948 - Abbé Warré
published “Beekeeping
For All” (opens new
window).In the book he
outlines plans for a a top
bar bee hive. Warré also
advocates far less
interference with hives
and bees. Read more
about this and
aboutNatural Beekeeping.
•

117. 1984 AD
• In 1984, a backstage worker
at the Paris opera
established one of the most
unusually sited beehives on
the roof of the opera house.
The "opera bees" gather
their nectar as they visit
flowers all over the city of
Paris. The fruits of their
labors are on sale in the
souvenir shop of the opera.
•

118. World Honey Exporters

119. 2014 AD
• Natural honey exports
by country during 2014
totaled US$2.3 billion
up by an overall 54.1%
for all natural honey
shippers over the five-
year period starting in
2010. The value of
global natural honey
exports gained 10.8%
from 2013 to 2014