Recent trends and challenges of agriculture extension A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK Province At Peshawar

3. Recent Trends and Challenges of
Agriculture Extension in Khyber
PakhtunKhwa
By
Allah Dad Khan

4. Present Agriculture Situation in
 Agriculture is the mainstay of the country's economy
 Contributing 24% towards GDP ( in 1947 per capita income $100 and Population
30 million in 2010 per capita income 1000 $ and Population 170 million)
 Back bone for the economy( Livelihood for 68.5 % rural population of country
 Providing employment to 47% 0f total work force )
 Base for foreign trade ( Earning 35% of the country total export earning )
 Ranks 7th in Wheat production in World 1st one is China .(2009)
 Ranks 11th in Rice production in World 1st one is China . (2009)
 Ranks 4th in Cotton production in World 1st one is China . ( 2009)
 Ranks 7th in Date Palm production in World 1st one is Iraq. (2009)
 Ranks 5th in Sugarcane production in World 1st one is Brazil (2009)
 Ranks 4th in Onion dry production in World 1st one is China . ( 2009)
 Ranks 7th in fresh vegetables production in World 1st one is China. (2009)

5. Brief History
 The Agriculture Extension IN Khyber PakhtunKhwa
 This Agriculture Extension system was started in 1902
when the canal irrigation system was introduced in the
Indo Pak sub continent. In NWFP in 1910 for the first
time in Agriculture section was established at Tarnab
Peshawar. In 1935 this section developed into a full
fledged department of Agriculture under the Director of
Agriculture, who was responsible for both the Research
and Extension in the Province. There was a great need
to develop and organize the Agriculture services on new
lines and with the passage of time the concept of
Agriculture Extension took into general shape both in the
Public as well as Private sector. The Department of
Agriculture was reorganized into extension and research
wings in 1962.

7. North West Frontier Province
Category Area
Total Area 8.345
Cultivable Area 1.848
Non-Cultivable Area 6.497
Forest Area 1.360
Cultivable Waste 1.212
Barani Area 0.924
Area Million Hec

8. Present Status of Agriculture in NWFP
 Rural; areas comprised of 83 % of total NWFP
population.
 44% of rural population Lives below poverty line.
 More than 92% land owners are characterized as
small farmers
 Out of 10.177 m. hectares only 1.69m hectares
area is cultivated.
 14.5% land area is cultivable waste.
 About 50% of cultivated area is rainfed.

9. Present Status of Agriculture in NWFP
 NWFP is wheat deficit and domestic requirement is met through import
from other provinces or abroad.
 NWFP possesses comparative advantage in the production of fruits and
vegetables.
 Large number of Livestock population but low productivity.
 Frequent droughts and floods.
 Wide yield gap between progressive and average farmers.
 Ineffecient Research and Extension Services
 Lack of capital and financial resources and poor e4conomic conditions of
farmers.
 Lack of competitiveness of some agriculture commodities grown by farmers.
 Marketing
 Soil problems ( Water logging,erosion salinity etc)

10. Present Status of Agriculture in KPK
 NWFP is wheat deficit and domestic requirement is met through import
from other provinces or abroad.
 NWFP possesses comparative advantage in the production of fruits and
vegetables.
 Large number of Livestock population but low productivity.
 Frequent droughts and floods.
 Wide yield gap between progressive and average farmers.
 Ineffecient Research and Extension Services
 Lack of capital and financial resources and poor e4conomic conditions of
farmers.
 Lack of competitiveness of some agriculture commodities grown by farmers.
 Marketing
 Soil problems ( Water logging,erosion salinity etc)

11.  Flat yield and productivity of water
 Under performance of rural sector markets and extension services.
 Under investment in agriculture research and technology development.
 Unreliability of water services
 Improved rural infrastructure and education provision.
 Scaling up of diversification into new, higher value crops and use of new land
more efficient irrigation technology .
 Farm to market road
 High Cost of Agriculture Inputs
 Shortage of water and water reservoirs
 SpecialCalamity

12. What are the
Strengths
and
Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system?
May 16 Toward a SustainableAgriculture 12

13.  Abundant Food Supply InThe DevelopedWorld
 Fresh Fruits AndVegetables AvailableYear-round
 CHEAP FOOD
 Luxury foods such as coffee, tea, chocolate, and spices
easily available around the world
 Effective food preservation technologies (refrigeration,
freezing, canning, packaging)
 Convenience Foods
 Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency
 Improvements In Soil Conservation
 Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick SolutionsTo
Production Problems
May 16 Toward a SustainableAgriculture 13

14.  Continuing soil loss
 Food safety concerns (mad cow disease, food poisoning
outbreaks, antibiotic resistance, toxins and pesticides)
 Water pollution, air pollution (& odors), habitat loss,
water depletion
 Continuing hunger – and rise of obesity
 Failing farms, economic uncertainty and stress
 Declining communities
 Farm accidents, chronic diseases linked to agricultural
chemicals
 Reliance on fossil fuels, global warming
 Farmland loss to development, ugly countryside
 Difficulty of starting in farming
May 16 Toward a SustainableAgriculture 14

15.  Flat yield and productivity of water
 Under performance of rural sector markets and extension services.
 Under investment in agriculture research and technology development.
 Unreliability of water services
 Improved rural infrastructure and education provision.
 Scaling up of diversification into new, higher value crops and use of new land
more efficient irrigation technology .
 Farm to market road
 High Cost of Agriculture Inputs
 Shortage of water and water reservoirs
 SpecialCalamity

16.  No rural based horticultural cottage industry for boosting growth
and creating off farm employment opportunities ,ensuring
sustainable markets and social benefits
 NO road and rail infrastructure for efficient transportation of
agricultural produce to main markets/ports.
 Non Established organic farming zones.
 Weak accredited quality related infrastructure recognized internationally
under WTO rules.
 Less Storage Facilities at Air Ports.
 Less vegetables seed producing farms.
 No hill farming research and development centers exist .
 Developing Pocket Area Approach (one area one product).
 Weak Agriculture Research and Agriculture Extension Departments.
 Marketing system non existence in PVT sector

17. Future Priorities/Directions
 Well developed AE and ARS through establishment of FVDC in
Public/PVT partnership ( Vision 2020)
 Capacity buiding of farmers through FSC.
 Priority fruit and vegetables to be encouraged.
 To establish agriculture marketing system , regulated and non
regulated markets , cooperative marketing , market driven services,
collection points and cool chain development.
 WTO and its awareness and production of crops.

18. Future Priorities/Directions contd
 Declaration of horticulture as industry.
 Strengthening of MFSC and IPM activities through FFS/PTD.
 Floriculture awareness
 Promotion of plastic tunnel technology for off season vegetables,
hybrid seed production of vegetables, exploiting microclimatic
zones for high value fruit and vegetables
 Expanding Area under Irrigation: small dams, water
harvesting, new canals, high efficiency irrigation

19. Transition to Future Extension
Future
Extension
Conventional
Extension
• Centralized
• Government-led
• Technology centered
• Self-reliant
• Farmer-led
• Learning centered
• Fewer staff
• More professional
Transition
Through
Farmer Field School

20. Paradigm Shift: Research - Extension – Farmer
Relationship
Research
Extension
Farmer
.....
FFS
Farmer Field School

21. Principles
 Grow Healthy Crop
 Observe Crop Regularly
 Conserve Natural Ecosystem
 Farmer Becomes Expert
Objectives
 Capacity Building
 Empowerment
 Confidence Development
 Decision Making
Farmer Field School

22. Farmer Field School Activities
.
.
.
.
.
Cucumber Cropping Calendar
Ismailia, Winter Season
October November December January February
Preplant Seedling Growth Flower Fruit-Set Harvest
Climate protect young plants
from strong winds
preferred temperature: day 24o
/night19o
rH should not sink below40-50%
preferred temperature: day 20o
/night16o
rH should not sink below40-50%
preferred temperature:
day 27o
/night27°
keep tunnels closed for
germination only
ventilate tunnels, particularly after sunrise to avoid water on the leaves at any time
keep tunnels closed at night
Soil  use fine-structured, well
aerated organic soils
 use 20-40m3
manure to
increase organic matter
 add 50-100 kg sulfur to
lower alkalinity
 plant 2-3 cm deep
 keep soil warm to assist
germination
remove weeds
Water use well drained soils
with high water holding
capacity
irrigate lightly and regularly, preferably in the morning hours
avoid water logging and periods of water stress
Nutrients
N 50 kg Ammon. Sulfate
P 100 kg Super Phosphate
K
Ca 50 kg Calcium Nitrate
Microelements
Protection Favorable Conditions: Control Measures:
Downy Mildew 20-25o
C
90-95% rH
Protective:Cu-oxichloride
Curative: systemic
Powd. Mildew 20-25o
C
75-85% rH Micronized Sulfur/water
Spider Mites warm and dry
Micronized Sulfur
Aphids
K-soap
Cultural
Practices
do not growcucumber
repeatedly in the same
field to avoid nematodes
use 1.5 kg seeds/fd
6-8000plants/fd
1-2 plants/m2
clip tips to encourage
side shoots
cut out old, diseased
leaves
50 kg Potassium Sulfate 50 kg Potassium Sulfate
50-100 kg Super Phosphate
Use TX6 Nozzles for best coverage
Crop CalendarManagement Skills
•Observation and analysis skills
•Experimentation skills
•Complex decision making skills
•Social skills
•Organizational skills
Farmer Education
• Self-Discovery
• Learning Exercises
• Ecological Principles
Field Analysis
Field Analysis

23. Syllabus Components
۞Science and Farmers
۞Non-Formal Education
۞Management
۞Organization
Farmer Field School

24. Vice
President
General
Secretary
Information
Secretary
Treasurers
Agriculture
Officer
General Body
Minimum 200
Management
Committee
Executive Body
25 –100 Farmers
President

25. Future Priorities/Directions contd
 Strengthening of plant protection quarntine services
 Pesticides residual testing labs.
 Utilization of culturable waste
 Export of crops, fruits and vegetables.
 Arrangement of shows and melas.
 Linkages of GPU with fruit nurseries.
 Establishment of help line through TV and radio programmes and
other information materials.
 Establishment of cool chain and collection centers and processing
units.

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