Theory of management

1. Theory of Scientific Management
Frederick Taylor
BY
Dhangadhi Group (Hikmat, Khagendra, Shnkar, Prem, Amba)
Nepal Open University
M. Phil. 2nd Semester
To
M. Phil. Virtual Class
Education Studies Group (Governance and Accountability)
Facilitated by: Dr. Jiban Khadka
Date: 17 March, 2020

2. Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Theory of Management
Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1915)
 The father of Management.
 Born in 1856 in Germantown, Pennsylvania.
 Obsessed with order and control.
 Piece rate system increased productivity
among factory workers.
 Philosophy known as Taylorism.
 Died 1915.

3. Theory of Scientific Management
 Taylor was an Industrial Engineer who worked in the United States at a
time when industries were facing shortage of skilled labor. For factories
to expand productivity, ways had to be looked for to increase the
efficiency of employees.
Taylor’s theory of scientific management aimed at improving economic
efficiency, especially labor productivity. Taylor had a simple view about
what motivated people at work - money. He felt that workers should get
a fair day's pay for a fair day's work, and that pay should be linked to the
amount produced. Therefore he introduced the differential piece rate
system of paying wages to the workers.

4. Time Study
Time study is a direct and continuous observation of a task, using a
timekeeping device to record the time taken to accomplish a task.

5. Standard Time
Is the amount of time that should be allowed for an average worker to
process one work unit using the standard method and working at a
normal pace.

6. Four Principles of Scientific Management
After years of various experiments to determine optimal work methods,
Taylor proposed the following four principles of scientific management:
1. Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific
study of the tasks.
2. Scientifically select, train, and develop each worker rather than passively
leaving them to train themselves.
3. Cooperate with the workers to ensure that the scientifically developed
methods are being followed.
4. Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the
managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work
and the workers actually perform the tasks.

7. Conclusion
Taylor said that the principles could only succeed if there was a
complete mental revolution on the part of both management and labor to
the effect that they must take their eyes off the profits and together
concentrate on increasing production, so that the profits were so large
that they did not have quarrels about sharing them. He strongly believed
that the benefits from increased productivity would accrue to both
management and labor.

8. References
Herdiana. (2013). No Title No Title. Journal of Chemical Information
and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Ndemo, K., & No, R. (2011). Scientific Theory of Management Name.
Series, T., & Basics, L. (n.d.). MANAGEMENT.
Taylor, F., Management, S., & Studies, T. (2011). Frederick Taylor
and Scientific Management. 3–5.
Turan, H. (2015). Taylor’s “Scientific Management Principles”:
Contemporary Issues in Personnel Selection Period. Journal of
Economics, Business and Management, 3(11), 1102–1105.
https://doi.org/10.7763/joebm.2015.v3.342