1. Overview ofOverview of
Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy
Solar power generationSolar power generation
prepared By
Eng./ Amin GadoEng./ Amin GadoEng./ Amin GadoEng./ Amin Gado
2. Main Renewable Energy SourcesMain Renewable Energy Sources
Biomass (including biogas & biofuels)
Solar energy
Wind energy
Small hydro power
Geothermal energy
Ocean energy (including wave & tidal)
3. Solar radiation and
heating devices ocean
thermal energy
Solar
radiation
From
sun
photosynthesis
Kinetic energy
Latent heat
potential energy
Sensible heating
30
300
40000
80000
120000
Reflected to space
50000
Absorbed
on earth
Biofuels
Wind and wave
conversion
Hydropower
Infrared radiation
to speed
Natural energy currents on earth , showing renewable energy system.Natural energy currents on earth , showing renewable energy system.
Geothermal
Gravitation,
Orbital
motion
From
earth
From
Plantary
motion
Tides
Heat
3
30
Tidal
power
Geothermal
installations
Note:
the great range of energy flux ( 1 : 10 5 ) and the dominance of solar radiation and heat. Units terawatts ( 10 12 w )
5. Renewable Energy Added and Existing Capacities,Renewable Energy Added and Existing Capacities, 20112011
RENEWABLE 2012
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT
6. Advantages of Solar EnergyAdvantages of Solar Energy
Solar energy is the most widely
distributed renewable energy source
Solar energy can be used for a wide
variety of applications such as heating,variety of applications such as heating,
cooking, drying, desalination, lighting,
pumping and remote power.
Solar systems cause no pollution,
generally have no moving parts and
are easy to maintain.
8. Solar EnergySolar Energy
SOLAR THERMAL
For direct heating , cooking, drying, power
Solar energy can be used through two main routes
generation etc.
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
For direct electricity generation
13. Main solar technologies for powerMain solar technologies for power
generationgeneration
1. Solar Thermal
- Parabolic trough collectors
- Solar tower
- Dish – Stirling systems- Dish – Stirling systems
- Linear Fresnel Reflectors
2. Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
- Flat plate modules : fixed and tracking
- Concentrating modules
15. Photovoltaic TechnologyPhotovoltaic Technology
Photovoltaic technology enables the
direct conversion of sunlight into
electricity using solar cells
Solar cells are most commonly made
from wafers of high purity siliconfrom wafers of high purity silicon
Cells are connected in series and
encapsulated (laminated) with a glass
sheet on top to make a module
Modules are the building blocks of a
PV system.
19. Solar PV Value ChainSolar PV Value Chain
Solar cellPolysilicon Ingot &Wafer Solar cell
Solar PV moduleSolar PV Array
Polysilicon Ingot &Wafer
Solar PV Plant
20. Advantages of PV systemsAdvantages of PV systems
They do not need any fuel
There is no pollution
There are no moving parts
They are easy to maintain
They are modular in nature, generating power from
milliwatts to megawatts
They generate power instantaneously
Energy can be stored for use later
21. Photovoltaic ConversionPhotovoltaic Conversion
An atom is made up of two main parts,
firstly the nucleus, the red sphere you can
see in the middle and secondly the
electron cloud. Which is the random path
the electron follows around the atom
Atom structure
Electrons Orbits
22. Metals, Insulators, SemiconductorsMetals, Insulators, Semiconductors
Atoms with 1 or 2 electrons in the outer
orbit are called Metals,
Conductors
Atoms with 6 or 7 electrons in the outer
orbit are Non-Metals,orbit are Non-Metals,
Insulators
Atoms with 3 or 4 electrons in the outer
orbit are called
semiconductors
23. NN--TYPE SILICON,TYPE SILICON,
Doped With Phosphorus,Doped With Phosphorus, 55 ElectronsElectrons
elel
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
Free
electron
elel
Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
P+ P+
24. PP-- TYPE SILICONTYPE SILICON
Silicon Doped with Boron,Silicon Doped with Boron, 33EleEle
free
hole
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si
Si Si Si Si Si Si Si
B−B−
25. Description of TechnologyDescription of Technology
Photovoltaic (PV) Cell
N-layer made with Silicon and Phosphorus
P-layer made with Silicon and Boron
Basic Process
-- N-layer - -
++ P-layer ++
26. How Solar Cells WorkHow Solar Cells Work
Two types of silicon—negative “n” type (A) and positive “p” type
(B)—form an electric field.
Each photon hitting the cell will free exactly one electron, e-,
which flows toward the load.
This results in an electric current.
37. Junction box & By Bass Diode & MPPTJunction box & By Bass Diode & MPPT
38. The largest solar PV plant inThe largest solar PV plant in
AmericaAmerica
39. PV power plant at Fresno,PV power plant at Fresno,
CaliforniaCalifornia
40. Solar PV Additions and Existing Capacity,Solar PV Additions and Existing Capacity, 20072007––20112011
41. EstimatedEstimated LevelizedLevelized Cost of New Generation Resources,Cost of New Generation Resources, 20172017
U.S. AverageU.S. Average LevelizedLevelized Cost for Plants Entering Service inCost for Plants Entering Service in20172017
((20102010 USD/USD/MWhMWh))
42. Advantages of solar power plantsAdvantages of solar power plants
Cause no pollution
Low running cost
Need no fuel
Low gestation period
Can be set up in dry or waste lands
High initial cost
Low plant load factor (18-22%)
Disadvantages of solar powerDisadvantages of solar power
plantsplants
43. Solar powerSolar powerSolar powerSolar powerSolar powerSolar powerSolar powerSolar power
ApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplicationsApplications
45. GRID CONNECTED
- Central Generation
- Distributed Generation
- Main Grid Interface
- Local Grid Interface
- Small Rooftops
GRID SERVICE
CONNECTION
PV ARRAYS
KWh
METER
AC LOADS
ELECTRICAL
DISTRIBUTION
PANEL
INVERTER
SOURCE
COMBINER
WITH DC
STRING
DISCONNECTS
AC
DISCONNECT
LIGHTNING
PROTECTION
DC AC
49. STAND ALONE
- Simple DC System
- Large DC System
- AC and DC System
- Hybrid system
PV ARRAYS CHARGE
CONTROLLER
DC
LOAD
BATTERY DC/AC
INVERTER
AC
LOAD
AC
DC
AC and DC System
50. Simple DC System Large System
STAND ALONE
Simple DC System Large System
Hybrid system
52. Solar-Powered Water Pump Systems
A typical solar-powered water pump system
• The PV array and its support structure,
• An electrical controller, and
• An electric-powered pump.
