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AcraServer ‫با‬ ‫داده‬ ‫پایگاه‬ ‫سازی‬‫امن‬


‫شریف‬ ‫صنعتی‬ ‫دانشگاه‬ ‫داده‬‫پایگاه‬ ‫ّت‬‫ی‬‫امن‬ ‫درس‬ ‫کلاسی‬‫ائه‬‫ر‬‫ا‬


:‫دهندگان‬‫ائه‬‫ر‬‫ا‬


‫آقاپور‬‫ا‬ ‫ّد‬‫م‬‫امیرمح‬ ،‫افروز‬‫جهان‬ ‫ّٰه‬‫ل‬‫ال‬ ‫روح‬


:‫درس‬ ‫استاد‬


‫نوگورانی‬ ‫ّی‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫صادق‬


١٤٠٠-١٤٠١ ‫ّل‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫نیمسال‬


‫مطالب‬ ‫فهرست‬


●
‫کاربردی‬ ‫لایه‬ ‫در‬ ‫امنیت‬


●
AcraServer ‫معرفی‬


●
(‫عملی‬ ‫)اجرای‬ ‫داده‬ ‫از‬ ‫محافظت‬


○
‫محرمانگی‬


○
‫خصوصی‬ ‫حریم‬


●
(‫عملی‬ ‫)اجرای‬ (Firewall)‫دفاعی‬ ‫دیوار‬


‫کاربردی‬ ‫لایه‬ ‫
امنیت‬
‫نمونه‬ ‫و‬ ‫معماری‬ ،‫
اصول‬
‫افزاری‬‫نرم‬ ‫واسط‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬


‫کاربر‬


(‫کاربردی‬ ‫)برنامه‬


‫سرور‬


(‫داده‬ ‫)پایگاه‬


‫واسط‬


●
‫آیی‬‫ا‬‫کار‬ ‫و‬ ‫امنیت‬ ‫برای‬ ‫افزار‬‫نرم‬ ‫بر‬ ‫مبتنی‬ ‫راهکار‬


●
‫چرا؟‬


○
(‫بروزرسانی‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫و‬ legacy ‫)سیستم‬ ‫سرور‬ ‫پشتیبانی‬ ‫عدم‬


○
‫خصوصی‬ ‫حریم‬ ‫امات‬‫ز‬‫ال‬ ‫و‬ ‫داده‬ ‫از‬ ‫حفاظت‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫مقر‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫سازگار‬


○
‫توسعه‬ ‫مسئول‬ ‫تیم‬ ‫بودن‬ ‫جدا‬


○
‫هزینه‬


●
‫مجزا‬ ‫خدمت‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫به‬ ‫ارائه‬


‫ای‬‫لایه‬ ‫معماری‬


●
‫متفاوت‬ ‫های‬‫لایه‬ ‫در‬ ‫متفاوت‬ ‫اهداف‬


●
(‫ابستگی)تعامد‬‫و‬ ‫عدم‬


‫نمونه‬


●
Azure SQL Database Firewall


●
ACL ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫امکان‬


●
DoS ‫ابر‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫در‬ ‫محافظت‬


‫نمونه‬


●
Huawei Cloud
Database Security
Service


●
‫خصوصی‬ ‫حریم‬ ‫حفظ‬


●
‫ها‬‫داده‬ ‫داینامیک‬ ‫پوشش‬


‫نمونه‬


●
Huawei Cloud
DBSS


●
‫حملات‬ ‫از‬ ‫جلوگیری‬


●
‫ها‬‫داده‬ ‫از‬ ‫محافظت‬


‫نمونه‬


●
MySQL Enterprise Firewall


●
MariaDB MaxScale


●
ProxySQL


AcraServer ‫معرفی‬


‫ساختار‬ ‫و‬ ‫امکانات‬


‫معرفی‬


●
‫رمزگذاری‬ ‫و‬ ‫امنیت‬ ‫حوزه‬ ‫استارتاپ‬


●
‫انگلیس‬ ‫در‬ ‫کار‬ ‫مرکز‬


●
2014 ‫سال‬ ‫از‬ ‫فعال‬


●
‫متفاوت‬ ‫محصولات‬


○
‫رمزگذاری‬ ‫کتابخانه‬


○
‫داده‬‫پایگاه‬ ‫سازی‬‫امن‬


○
‫همتا‬-‫به‬-‫همتا‬ ‫ارتباط‬


○
‫داده‬ ‫امن‬ ‫مدیریت‬


‫معماری‬


●
SQL ‫پروکسی‬


●
‫وجوها‬‫پرس‬ ‫پردازش‬ ‫با‬ ‫امنیتی‬ ‫عملکردهای‬


○
‫پوشانی‬‫داده‬ ‫و‬ ‫رمزگذاری‬ ‫با‬ ‫داده‬ ‫محافظت‬


○
‫رویدادنگاری‬ ‫و‬ ‫نفوذ‬ ‫از‬ ‫تشخیص‬ ‫و‬ ‫پیشگیری‬


●
‫ها‬‫گواهی‬ ‫کننده‬ ‫صادر‬ ‫به‬ ‫اعتماد‬


○
Root Certificate ‫روی‬ ‫افق‬‫و‬‫ت‬
○
CA ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬
●
‫نامه‬‫گواهی‬ ‫با‬ ‫کاربر‬ ‫هویت‬ ‫تشخیص‬


○
‫مشترک‬ ‫سرور‬ ‫به‬ ‫متفاوت‬ ‫دسترسی‬ ‫با‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬‫مج‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬‫کارب‬ ‫ی‬‫استفاده‬


‫سناریوها‬ ‫معماری‬


‫داده‬ ‫محرمانگی‬


‫وجو‬‫جست‬ ‫قابل‬ ‫رمزگذاری‬ ‫و‬ ‫کاربرد‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫رمزگذاری‬


( ‫اپلیکیشن‬ ) ‫کاربرد‬ ‫لایه‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫رمزنگاری‬


●
Acra Block ‫یا‬ Acra Structure


●
‫؟‬ ‫چگونه‬


○
Acra Server-transparent


○
Acra Translator API


○
Acra Writer


Acra Server


●
‫؟‬ ‫چگونه‬


○
transparent ‫حالت‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫فعال‬


○
encryptor_config ‫فایل‬ ‫در‬ ‫نظر‬ ‫مورد‬ ‫های‬ ‫فیلد‬ ‫تعیین‬


○
select ‫هنگام‬ ‫در‬ ‫ها‬ ‫داده‬ ‫رمزگشایی‬ ‫و‬ update ‫و‬ insert ‫هنگام‬ ‫در‬ ‫گذاری‬ ‫رمز‬


○
‫داده‬ ‫پایگاه‬ ‫شمای‬ ‫معرفی‬


●
: ‫ها‬ ‫ویژگی‬


○
‫کاربر‬ ‫های‬ query ‫در‬ ‫ییر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫عدم‬


○
Client ID


○
zone ‫تعریف‬ ‫امکان‬


○
masking ‫یا‬ tokenization ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬


○
Acra Server ‫از‬ ‫نمونه‬ ‫چندین‬ ‫تعریف‬ ‫امکان‬


‫نگاری‬ ‫رمز‬ ‫سناریو‬


●
postgres ‫اد‬ ‫سم‬ ‫در‬ ‫جدول‬ ‫یک‬ ‫ستونهای‬ ‫رمزنگاری‬


○
‫ها‬ ‫کلید‬ ‫ایجاد‬


○
client _id ‫یک‬ ‫به‬ ‫کلید‬ ‫اختصاص‬


○
acra_server.yaml ‫فایل‬ ‫ایش‬‫ر‬‫وی‬


○
encryptor.yaml ‫فایل‬ ‫در‬ ‫موردنظر‬ ‫ستونهای‬ ‫تعیین‬


Acra Translator API










●
:




GPRC HTTP
Acra
Structure
service Writer /v2/encrypt
service Reader /v2/decrypt
Acra Block service WriterSym /v2/encryptSym
service ReaderSym /v2/decryptSym
HTTP


‫جستجو‬ ‫قابل‬ ‫رمزگذاری‬


●
‫آنها‬‫ا‬ ‫رمزگشایی‬ ‫بدون‬ ‫شده‬ ‫رمز‬ ‫های‬ ‫داده‬ ‫روی‬ ‫بر‬ ‫جستجو‬ ‫قابلیت‬


●
‫؟‬ ‫چگونه‬


○
Acra) ‫شده‬ ‫رمز‬ ‫های‬ ‫داده‬ ‫کنار‬ ‫در‬ (HMAC SHA256) ‫ها‬ ‫داده‬ ‫هش‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫ذخیره‬
(Acra Translator ‫یا‬ Server


○
‫هش‬ ‫دقیق‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫بر‬ ‫جستجو‬


SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE encrypted_column LIKE "prefix%"
SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE encrypted_column = "value"
○
encryptor_config_file‫در‬ ‫ستون‬ ‫هر‬ ‫ای‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫سازی‬ ‫فعال‬


●
AcraBlock ‫و‬ Acra Struct ‫ساختار‬ ‫دو‬ ‫هر‬ ‫از‬ ‫پشتیبانی‬


‫جستجو‬ ‫قابل‬ ‫گذاری‬ ‫رمز‬ ‫سناریو‬




●
‫بیمارستان‬ ‫یک‬ ‫ای‬ ‫داده‬ ‫پایگاه‬


●
( ‫تلفن‬ ‫شماره‬ ، ‫سکونت‬ ‫محل‬ ، ‫بیماری‬ ، ‫ملی‬ ‫کد‬،‫نام‬ ) ‫بیمارها‬ ‫جدول‬


●
encryptor_confi ‫فایل‬ ‫در‬ ‫نظر‬ ‫مورد‬ (‫)های‬ ‫ستون‬ ‫تعیین‬


●
.‫(باشد‬ ‫ها‬ ‫بایت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ای‬ ‫ایه‬‫ر‬‫آ‬‫ا‬) bytea ‫نوع‬ ‫از‬ ‫باید‬ ‫ستون‬ ‫داده‬ ‫نوع‬


HTTP


















Path Structure
/v2/encryptSearchable AcraStruct
/v2/decryptSearchable AcraStruct
/v2/encryptSymSearchable AcraBlock
/v2/decryptSymSearchable AcraBlock
‫داده‬ ‫خصوصی‬ ‫حریم‬


‫گذاری‬‫نشانه‬ ‫و‬ ‫پوشانی‬ ‫داده‬


(Data Masking)‫پوشانی‬‫داده‬


●
(‫حساس)تجاری‬ ‫و‬ (PII)‫شخصی‬ ‫های‬‫داده‬ ‫از‬ ‫محافظت‬ ‫برای‬


●
‫مختلف‬ ‫های‬‫روش‬


○
‫زدن‬ ‫هم‬ ‫به‬ ،‫عددی‬ ‫اریانس‬‫و‬ ،‫رمزگذاری‬ ،‫حذف‬ ،‫جایگذاری‬


●
‫مختلف‬ ‫های‬‫زمان‬ ‫در‬


○
‫آماری‬‫ا‬ ،‫قطعی‬ ،‫پویا‬ ،‫ایستا‬


●
‫شود‬‫می‬ ‫انجام‬ ‫پوشاندن‬ ‫با‬ ‫و‬ ‫پویا‬ ‫صورت‬ ‫به‬ AcraServer ‫در‬


●
‫نمونه‬


○
‫سفارش‬ ‫بت‬ ‫ای‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫تماس‬ ‫مرکز‬ ‫اتور‬‫ر‬‫اپ‬ ‫ای‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫اعتباری‬ ‫کارت‬ ‫آخر‬‫ا‬ ‫رقم‬ 4 ‫تنها‬


○
‫رمز‬ ‫بازیابی‬ ‫ای‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫تلفن‬ ‫شماره‬/‫ایمیل‬ ‫آخر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اول‬ ‫اکتر‬‫ر‬‫کا‬ 3 ‫تنها‬


○
‫مجرم‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫عمومی‬ ‫نمایش‬ ‫ای‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫ادگی‬‫و‬‫خان‬ ‫نام‬ ‫و‬ ‫نام‬ ‫ابتدای‬ ‫تنها‬


‫پوشانی‬‫داده‬ ‫سناریو‬


‫اینترنتی‬ ‫فروشگاه‬


‫مشتری‬

 ‫پست‬ ‫شرکت‬




‫مالک‬

 ‫پستی‬ ‫کد‬


001
 123456

001
 789101

(001, 456)

001

(001, xxx456)

(001, xxx101)

(Data Tokenization)‫گذاری‬‫نشانه‬


●
‫عملیات‬ ‫در‬ ‫حساس‬ ‫ی‬‫داده‬ ‫جای‬ ‫به‬ (Token)‫نشانه‬ ‫از‬ ‫استفاده‬


●
‫کلی‬ ‫روش‬ ‫دو‬


○
‫نگاشت‬ ‫سازی‬‫ذخیره‬ ‫و‬ ‫تصادفی‬ ‫داده‬ ‫تولید‬ :(Vault-based)‫مخزن‬ ‫با‬


○
(FPE)‫فرمت‬ ‫حافظ‬ ‫رمزگذاری‬ ‫الگوریتم‬ :(Vaultless)‫مخزن‬ ‫بدون‬


●
‫نشانه‬ ‫داشتن‬ ‫با‬ ‫حساس‬ ‫داده‬ ‫به‬ ‫مجاز‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫دسترسی‬ ‫امکان‬


John Smith
‫حساس‬ ‫داده‬

 ‫نشانه‬


csxt wusjy

1/1/1990 7/26/1990
‫نام‬


‫تولد‬ ‫تاریخ‬


1111-2222-3333-4444
‫بانکی‬ ‫کارت‬ ‫شماره‬

 1111-2222-7382-6598
‫گذاری‬‫نشانه‬ ‫سناریو‬


‫ٔی‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫اخذ‬


‫دانشجو‬


‫سطر‬ ‫شماره‬

 (‫)نشانه‬ ‫ایمیل‬


1 x3f@ydrcz.org
x3f@ydrcz.org


‫دانشگاه‬


‫کلید‬

 ‫مقدار‬


x3f@ydrcz.org std@smail.com
std@mail.com


‫دفاعی‬ ‫ار‬‫و‬‫دی‬


‫حمله‬ ‫از‬ ‫جلوگیری‬ ‫و‬ ‫تشخیص‬ ،‫پیشگیری‬


SQL ‫فایروال‬


●
‫وجوها‬‫پرس‬ ‫کردن‬ ‫فیلتر‬


●
‫کردن‬ ‫رد‬ ‫یا‬ ‫قبول‬ ‫برای‬ ‫قوانین‬ ‫تعریف‬


○
‫جداول‬ ‫نام‬


○
‫وجو‬‫پرس‬ ‫الگوی‬


○
‫مشخص‬ ‫وجوی‬‫پرس‬


●
‫باز‬ ‫و‬ ‫بسته‬ ‫سیاست‬ ‫ترکیب‬


○
(allow list)‫مجاز‬


○
(deny list)‫مجاز‬ ‫یر‬


○
(ignore list)‫گرفتن‬ ‫نادیده‬


(SQLi)‫وجو‬‫پرس‬ ‫تزری‬ ‫سناریو‬


‫کاربر‬


‫مهاجم‬


‫سرور‬


‫منابع‬


●
Acra ‫مستندات‬


○
https://docs.cossacklabs.com/acra


○
https://www.cossacklabs.com/blog/how-to-build-sql-firew
all-acracensor


●
‫محصولات‬ ‫وبسایت‬


○
https://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/firewall.html


○
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/maxscale


○
https://proxysql.com


○
https://www.huaweicloud.com/en-us/product/dbss.html


○
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamen
tals/infrastructure-sql


●
‫داده‬ ‫خصوصی‬ ‫حریم‬ ‫برای‬ ‫اسلاید‬ ‫و‬ ‫مقالات‬


○
https://www.slideshare.net/ulfmattsson/tokenization-vs-en
cryption-vs-masking


○
https://www.encryptionconsulting.com/education-center/ty
/pes-of-tokenization-vault-and-vaultless


●
‫تصاویر‬


○
https://www.flaticon.com


‫پایاڹ‬



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