This document provides information on different types of tires used in agricultural implements and the differences between radial and bias tires. It discusses solid tires, pneumatic tires including bias ply, bias belted and radial ply constructions. It then focuses on tires used in agricultural implements like tractors and implements. Finally, it details the differences between radial and bias tire constructions, components, and performance, noting that radials provide a softer ride, improved fuel economy, and longer tire life while bias tires sacrifice longevity but offer high load capacity at reduced cost.

1. Presentation
on
Tyres Used in Agricultural Implements
and
Difference between Radial and Bias Tyres
Submitted to:
Dr. A.K. Verma Submitted By:
Amit Namdeo

2. INTRODUCTION
In our modern world there are two types of
tyres: solid and pneumatic:
Solid tyres were the original type of tyre used.
As the name suggests they are made up of
some type of solid material that is wrapped
around the wheel. There are many different
types of solid tyres, which will be explained
later.

3. Pneumatic tyres have air pressure inside
the tyre. The pneumatic tyre must be
fitted to the outside of the wheel and
inflated with air pressure. There are three
types of pneumatic tyres: bias ply, bias
belted and radial ply.

4. COMPONENTS
Bias
Bias tire (or cross ply) construction utilizes
body ply cords that extend diagonally from
bead to bead, usually at angles in the range of
30 to 40 degrees, with successive plies laid at
opposing angles forming a crisscross pattern to
which the tread is applied.

5. Belted bias
A belted bias tire starts with two or more bias-
plies to which stabilizer belts are bonded
directly beneath the tread. This construction
provides smoother ride that is similar to the
bias tire, while lessening rolling resistance
because the belts increase tread stiffness.

6. Radial
Radial tire construction utilizes body ply cords
extending from the beads and across the tread
so that the cords are laid at approximately right
angles to the centerline of the tread, and
parallel to each other, as well as stabilizer belts
directly beneath the tread. The belts may be
cord or steel.

7. Solid
Many tires used in industrial and commercial
applications are non-pneumatic, and are
manufactured from solid rubber and plastic
compounds via molding operations.
Solid tires include those used for lawn
mowers, skateboards, golf carts, scooters, and
many types of light industrial vehicles, carts,
and trailers.

8. Semi-pneumatic
Semi-pneumatic tires have a hollow centre, but
they are not pressurized. They are light-weight,
low-cost, puncture proof, and provide
cushioning.
These tires often come as a complete assembly
with the wheel and even integral ball bearings.

9. They are used on lawn mowers, wheelchairs,
and wheelbarrows.
They can also be rugged, typically used in
industrial applications, and are designed to not
pull off their rim under use.

10. Tyres Used in Agricultural Implements
Most modern farm tractors, self-propelled
machines, and implements are equipped with
rubber tyres. When the rubber tyres used on
farm machines, such as combines, sprayers,
trailers, planters and other trailing implements,
rubber tyres reduced power requirements,
decrease fuel consumption, permit higher
speeds and reduce vibration, noise and dust.
There are many types and sizes available for
specific purposes and machines.

11. Tractor Drive Tyres

12. Implement Non Traction Tyres

13. Implements Traction Tyres

14. Tractor Small Tyres

15. Tractor Front Tyres

21. Difference between Radial and Bias Tyres
Radial Tire Construction
A radial tire is constructed with rubber coated,
reinforced polyester/steel cable belts that are
assembled parallel and run from side to side (bead
to bead) at an angle of 90 degrees to the
circumferential centerline of the tire.
This build makes the tire more flexible and
reduces rolling resistance.
As a result, the tire is better able to dissipate heat
accumulation; this factor increases the longevity
of the tire (when compared to an equivalent bias
size).

23. Components of Radial Tyres
• Tread – Provides primarily traction and wear and
protects the carcass underneath.
• Belt package – Multiple, low angle, steel cord
layers provide strength to the tyre, stabilize the
tread and prevent penetrations into carcass.
• Sidewall – Provides protection for the ply and
withstands flexing and weathering.
• Ply – The radial (90º) ply transmits all load,
braking and steering forces between the wheel
and the road and withstands the burst loads of the
tyre under operating pressure.

24. • Inner liner – A layer of rubber in tubeless
tyres specially compounded to prevent loss of
air.
• Bead bundle – The steel bead bundle properly
seats and seals the tyre on the rim and
maintains it in position.
• Apex – Rubber filler in the bead and lower
sidewall area to provide progressive transition
from the stiff bead area into the flexible
sidewall.
• Chafer – A layer of hard rubber that resists
erosion of the bead zone by the rim flange.

25. Radial Tyre Bias Tyre

26. The Benefits to a Radial design:
1) Softer, smoother, quieter ride
2) Improved fuel economy
3) Flat, wider footprint for better tire wear
4) Runs cooler than a bias ply, minimizing risk of a
blowout on the highway
5) Longer tire life
6) Better tracking – Improved sway control

28. Bias Tire Construction
Bias tires are constructed through a very
different manufacturing technique than
radial tires.
Bias tire manufacturing is an older
technology/manufacturing process that offers
high load capacities at reduced costs, but
sacrifices longevity and uniformity in
“roundness” due to the nature of the
construction.

29. The type of rubber used in the compounding
process also differs between the bias and radial
tires (as a general statement – synthetic rubber
is the primary compound for radials – natural
rubber for bias).
Synthetic rubber is primarily manufactured
from crude oil byproducts, whereas natural
rubber is produced primarily from latex
harvested from paraffin rubber trees.

30. Radial versus Bias Performance

31. THANK YOU