Understanding problems with a Fishbone diagram
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The fishbone diagram is a tool used to deeply understand a problem. A team maps out a central problem and contributing sub-issues by drawing branches resembling a fish skeleton. This visual representation allows teams to identify all factors conditioning the problem. Fishbone analysis is primarily a group technique used in problem analysis, especially early in a change process to scope issues before conducting a 5 Whys analysis.
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Understanding problems with a Fishbone diagram
- 1. Fishbone analysis What is it? The fishbone analysis is used to deepen a team's understanding of a problem or issue. The tool takes its name from the form it takes on a large sheet of brown paper, with a problem statement on one side of the paper and a 'spine' extending from this and lines branching off it on which the team records sub-issues. Working in this way teams can understand the elements which contribute to a perceived problem.
- 3. Identify the key factors first Promoting inclusion of children with special needs in mainstream extended services Access Finance Transport Capacity Attitudes Training
- 4. Analyse each of the key factors (main bones) in turn Promoting inclusion of children with special needs in mainstream extended services Access Finance Transport Capacity Attitudes Clarity of future budget provisions Reliance on voluntary agencies Unreliable estimates of costs High costs of special medical & social support Wheelchair access limited Stairs limit access to facilities Low awareness and tolerance among mainstream Bullying Limited No. of specially qualified staff Staff work- life balance issues Specialist transport required Dependent on existing LA contract Training Need to adjust travel times Need for special equipment & materials Higher staff to pupil ratio Need to train up mainstream staff
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- This technique helps teams to understand the scope and scale of a challenging situation. It captures and collates all the different perspectives in the room that relate to the issue at hand. Hence it is ideal when the change team comprises people from different backgrounds or professional disciplines. Everyone is then able to bring their perspective into focus and the team is better informed on what is involved. Without such analysis, teams can often move into “fix it” mode before they really understand the scope or scale of a problem or issue. Often this means they end up addressing only part of the problem and either the problem remains or it reappears in another guise.
- Write down the problem on the right-hand side of a brown paper. Draw a straight line to the left (like the backbone of a fish). Draw stems at a 45° angle to the backbone line. At the end of each of these stems, list 5 – 6 key factors/headings of the problem or issue that can be brainstormed.
- Each of the key factors can then be broken down into subsidiary factors that need to be understood before moving on to solutions in the development phase. The team should be encouraged to brainstorm each main ‘bone of the fish’ in turn. Perhaps each member of the team can take responsibility for facilitating the brainstorming of one main bone. That way it becomes a team-building exercise also.