India needs highly scalable solutions and ‘public goods’ should act as a key enabler for building such solutions. IndiaStack is one such emerging system, which entrepreneurs and startups should embrace. Presence-less, paperless, cashless Service Delivery for a Billion people is a very big task. The large-scale systems needed to cost-effectively deliver such a solution would only be built with the combined participation of all parties, including government bodies and private companies or startups. The government systems will enable critical capabilities made available to entrepreneurs who could build diverse set of Apps useful in reaching the services to a wide mass of people through mobile phones.

1. 1
Towards presence-less,
paperless, and cashless service
delivery

2. 2
125 Years of Power Generation
Edison to Now

3. 3
125 Years of Telecom
Graham Bell to Now

4. Layered
Innovation
4
Mass
Flourishing!

5. 5
TCP / IP, Internet, SMTP
(Email), GPS
Fundamental Technology
Innovations, Govt. Funded, Publicly
Available
Payments Visa/Master, ApplePay
Evolution of Payment Systems,
Security Frameworks, ...
Open APIs, Platforms Google Maps
Large Scale Infrastructure, Private
Companies,
Smart Phones Android, IOS
Telecommunications & Computing
Technologies - Hardware
Innovations
TECHSTACK
Layering of Innovation
Govt. Technology
eCommerce
(Amazon)
Taxi
(Uber)
Hotel
(Airbnb)
------

6. An ‘hourglass’ platform
architecture
Allows innovation on all sides
● Minimal
● Standardized
● Simple design
● Easy to execute
● Easy to write a law
Applications
6
Devices
UPI
AEPS
esign
DBT
APB
Digital
locker
Other
apps
Phones
Micro
ATM
Tablets
FP/Iris
sensors
Check-in
Device

7. J A M - The Foundation of the India Stack
7

8. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
BANKING FOR ALL
8Source: As on 29 Mar 2016, http://pmjdy.gov.in

9. Accelerated by Regulatory Innovation
Source: News Reports 9
BANK
NATIONALIZATION
New Banks
1969 1980 1993 2001 2014
2015
+14
+6
+10
+2 +2
+2149 Years, 14 New Banks in 3 Months
Ushering in a
new ERA of
DIFFERENTIATED
BANKING

10. Aadhaar: 1 Billion in 5.5 Years
950M
600M
300M
100M
50M
Source: Data from http://www.uidai.gov.in 10
1B

11. The rise of smartphones
Current sales
about 25M
smartphones
per quarter
Source: Ericsson Mobility Report 11

12. The Evolution of the India Stack - Built on JAM
12
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
950 M
1005 M
190 M
Aadhaar
Mobile
JDY
2009
944 M
600 M
100 M
Source: Ericsson Mobility Report, PMJDY, Aadhaar Web Sites
AEPS
APB
Aadhaar
Authentication
Aadhaar
eKyc
eSign
UPI
Consent
Architecture
Digilocker
1+ B
1+ B
250+ M

13. Name
DoB/Age
Gender
Address
Mobile/Email
1234 5678 9012
Unique
Lifetime
13

14. Aadhaar
Authentication
NO MORE PHYSICAL
PRESENCE
Are you who you claim to be?
Only a yes/no answer
Anytime anywhere
14

15. Aadhaar
e-KYC
NO MORE PHOTOCOPIES!
Access ONLY via authentication
No more fake identities
No more paper
15

16. Existing DSC non-scalable due to physical verification, paper process, and use of dongles
eSign allows all Aadhaar holders to digitally sign anytime anywhere
Open API based, allowing applications to easily integrate
eSign - eliminating wet signature
16Source: http://www.cca.gov.in/cca/?q=eSign.html

17. Digital Locker - eliminating fake papers
Open API based
Ecosystem driven
Digitally protected
Source: https://digilocker.gov.in 17
DigiLockerIssuer Requestor
Users
Issues Documents
Digitally
Accesses Documents
Online
Approves
Access

18. Unified Payment Interface
18Source: http://www.npci.org.in
Instant
Push & pull
Virtual addresses
Smartphone as card
Smartphone as PoS
1-click 2 FA

19. Electronic Consent Architecture
Data Consumers
(Banks,Credits
Providers etc)
DIGITAL
LOCKER
19
All "data sharing" to be "via" the
"owner" with "consent"
"Owner" of the data can
"electronically request" his/her data
and store in his/her "digital locker"
"Owner" can "choose" to share the
data "for a purpose" using "electronic
consent"
Data Providers
(Banks,Telco,
Hospitals,etc)

20. 20
PRESENCE-LESS LAYER Aadhaar Authentication
Unique digital biometric identity
with open access of nearly a Billion
users
CONSENT LAYER Open Personal Data Store
Provides a modern privacy data
sharing framework
PAPERLESS LAYER
Aadhaar e-KYC,
E-sign, Digital Locker
Rapidly growing base of paperless
systems with billions of artifacts
CASHLESS LAYER IMPS, AEPS, APB, and UPI
Game changing electronic payment
systems and transition to cashless
economy
COMMERCE
(GSTn)
CREDIT
(RBI)
INVESTMENTS
(SEBI)
OTHERS
INDIASTACK
SKILLS
JAM Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, Mobile

21. 21
We will go from data poor to data rich nation in 5 Years!
Digital
Identity
Paperless
Process
Commerce
Payment
Social
Machine Learning
& Algorithms
Cashless, Paperless & Presence-less
Service Delivery

22. Nandan Nilekani, 2015 22
The phone will replace the card as the
‘What you Have’ authentication factor
WHAT
YOU
KNOW
WHAT
YOU
HAVE
WHO
YOU
ARE
PIN / Password Card Proof of Identity

23. Nandan Nilekani, 2015 23
Combining Security with Convenience
Biometric smart phones enable 1-click 2-factor authentication
WHAT
YOU
KNOW
WHAT
YOU
HAVE
WHO
YOU
ARE
Smart Phone Aadhaar

24. Nandan Nilekani, 2015
The future is here!
Smartphones with
integrated Iris
recognition available!
24Source:http://mashable.com/2015/05/13/japanese-smartphone-mobile-payments/

25. Providing credit without friction
25

26. Why Rajni Cannot Get A Loan?
26
Customers with the lowest default rates
have the highest interest rates
Sales
Costs
No
Credible
Data
Servicing
Costs

27. Need
a loan
Sees
loan
offers
Accepts
best
offer
Receives
loan
Sells
Goods
Repays
loan
Agrees
to share
data
27
7 Key Steps For
Rajni to get a
small intra-day
loan

28. Consent
Architecture
Credit
marketplace
app
Credit
market-
place
paperless
contract
Transaction
a/c & app
Payment
app
Payment
app
Need a
loan
Sees
loan
offers
Accepts
best offer
Receives
loan
Sells
Goods
Repays
loan
Agrees
to share
data
28
Each step
requires a
solution

29. Need a
loan
Sees
loan
offers
Accepts
best offer
Receives
loan
Sells
Goods
Repays
loan
Agrees to
share
data
Consent
Architecture
Credit
marketplace
app
Credit
market-
place
paperless
contract
Transaction
a/c & app
Payment
app
Payment
app
Aadhaar/
eKYC
digi
locker
API for
loan
offers
eSign
Digilocker
UPI
auth
orization
api
UPI
UPI
29
Each solution is
enabled by the
India Stack

30. 30
Cashless &
Paperless
Digital
Footprints
Business
Micro-Credit
Business
Growth
Feeling of
Wellbeing
Virtuous
Cycle of
Credit to the
first mile
Solution

31. Making investments accessible
31

32. 32
Source: NCAER-CMCR survey, www.openthemagazine.com, discussions with ScripBox
Onboarding
Cost
Break Even
Investment
Target Market
Size
Rs 1500 Rs 300,000 3M Households
Rs 100 Rs 20,000 34M Households
Rs 10 Rs 2,000 105M Households

33. Sachet Sized Transactions!
With reduced costs, minimum ticket sizes
will come down, volumes will go up!
33
TXn Cost Comm. Break Even Ticket Size
Rs 50 50 bps Rs 10,000
Rs 5 50 bps Rs 1,000
Rs 2 50 bps Rs 400

34. To Increase Market Size 10x or 50x
Cost of Doing Business Must Come Down!
34

35. Enabling The Skills Marketplace
35

36. The Skills Problem
Low trust environment
Employers do not trust credentials
Training is not a differentiator
No premium for quality
No accumulation of skill credentials
Lack of mobility
Vicious
Cycle
36

37. 37
Training,
Apprenticeship
& Certification
Trusted
Credentials
Employment
Credible
History
Differentiated
Earnings
Virtuous Cycle for Skills
Guru-Shishya Parampara
Ecosystem of
institutes/agencies
Aadhaar, Digital
Locker for portability
and trust
Market places
like LinkedIn,
Babajobs, etc.

38. Jeevan Pramaan Re-imagined
38
Govt
Center
Nearby
Shop
Home
Service
Any individual or agency
Choice of location
Trust established digitally
Mobile phone with biometrics
No paper work
Using Aadhaar biometric auth,
eKYC, eSIgn, and UPI

39. 39
India Stack as
Digital Infrastructure
Regulatory
Policy
Market Making Policy
via Challenge Grants
100s of Experiments
- Low barriers to entry
- Level playing field
- Aligned to national issues
- Rapid success/failure cycle
A robust
foundation to
enable innovative
solutions to
India’s hard
problems
Innovative Solutions to
India’s Hard Problems
- Commercially Viable
- Far reaching consumer impact
- Reinforces experimentation

40. 40
Thank You