BY ALLEN AND PRAPTI

1. TITLE - HUMAN
TRAFFICKING
NAME OF PRESENTERS – PRAPTI PORWAL, ALLEN MARY
MATHEW
COLLEGE : BHOPAL SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
SEMESTER – 2ND
COURSE – MSW
DATE OF PRESENTATION – 21/05/21

2. INDEX
• INTRODUCTION
• STATUS
• MEANING/ DEFINITION
• TYPES
• CAUSE
• EFFECTS/CONSEQUENCES
• CHALLENGES
• APPROACHES AND ACTIONS
• POLICIES / INITIATIVES
• CRITICISM
• ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKERS
• REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
• HUMAN TRAFFICKING IS THE PROCESS OF TRAPPING PEOPLE THROUGH
THE USE OF VIOLENCE, DECEPTION OR COERCION AND EXPLOITING THEM FOR
FINANCIAL OR PERSONAL GAIN. IT IS THE TRADE OF PERSONS FOR SOME
PURPOSE, USUALLY CRIMINAL. PERSONS ARE TRAFFICKED PRIMARILY FOR
SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, LABOR, OR AS ORGAN DONORS. HUMAN TRAFFICKING IS
NOT LIMITED TO A PARTICULAR AREA OR REGION OF THE WORLD.
• VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING CAN BE ANYONE—COLOR, NATIONAL ORIGIN,
DISABILITY, RELIGION, AGE, GENDER, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY,
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, EDUCATION LEVEL, OR CITIZENSHIP STATUS.
• TRAFFICKERS CAN BE FAMILY MEMBERS, PARTNERS, ACQUAINTANCES,
STRANGERS, PIMPS, GANG MEMBERS, DIPLOMATS, BUSINESS OWNERS, LABOR
BROKERS, AND FARM, FACTORY, COMPANY OWNERS ALSO.

4. STATUS
• A TOTAL OF 6,616 HUMAN TRAFFICKING CASES WERE REGISTERED IN
THE COUNTRY, WHICH IS FAR HIGHER THAN THE 5,788 CASES
REGISTERED IN 2018 AND 5,900 CASES IN 2017. THE PREVIOUS YEAR
ALSO SAW A DROP IN CONVICTION RATES OF TRAFFICKING CASES -
FROM 29.4% IN 2018 TO 22% IN 2019.
IN 2019, OVER ONE THOUSAND HUMAN TRAFFICKING CASES WERE
REPORTED WITH OVER THREE THOUSAND VICTIMS ACROSS INDIA. THE
STATE OF MAHARASHTRA HAD THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF HUMAN
TRAFFICKING CASES IN THE COUNTRY WITH OVER 226 CASES AND IN
2019, 105,787 VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING WERE IDENTIFIED
WORLDWIDE
. ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL CRIME RECORDS BUREAU, A TOTAL OF
5788 CASES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING WERE REGISTERED IN INDIA IN 2018,
WHERE 64% WERE WOMEN AND 22% WERE BELOW 18 YEARS OLD.

5. MEANING/ DEFINITION
• HUMAN TRAFFICKING IS A FORM OF A MODERN DAY SLAVERY. IT IS THE MOVEMENT
OF PEOPLE BY MEANS SUCH AS FORCE, FRAUD, COERCION OR DECEPTION, WITH
THE AIM OF EXPLOITING THEM FOR PROFIT.
• THE ACT OF BUYING OR SELLING USUALLY ILLEGAL GOODS DRUG TRAFFICKING
AND SEE ALSO HUMAN TRAFFICKING, LABOR TRAFFICKING, SEX TRAFFICKING.. –
MERRIAM WEBSTER LAW DICTIONARY.

6. TYPES
5 MAIN TYPES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING:
Forced
Labor
Escort
service
Forced
marriage
selling
baby
Organ
trade

7. CAUSES
• TRAFFICKERS PREY ON OTHERS’ WEAKNESSES, UNFORTUNATE
CIRCUMSTANCES, UNFAMILIARITY, AND INEXPERIENCE. TRAFFICKERS
ARE TRAINED TO IDENTIFY VULNERABILITY AND USE EXPERT
MANIPULATION TACTICS TO PERSUADE AND CONTROL THEIR VICTIMS.
THEY IDENTIFY A VOID AND OFFER TO FILL IT.
THE ROOT CAUSE OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IS:
• POVERTY
• UNEMPLOYMENT
• LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OR EXPERIENCE
• LACK OF EDUCATION
• DEMAND OF CHEAP LABOR/ ESCORT

8. EFFECTS / CONSEQUENCES
• BECAUSE TRAFFICKERS DEHUMANIZE AND OBJECTIFY THEIR
VICTIMS, VICTIMS’ INNATE SENSE OF POWER, VISIBILITY, AND
DIGNITY OFTEN BECOME OBSCURED.
• SOME COMMON WAYS HUMAN TRAFFICKING AFFECTS VICTIMS
AND PERPETRATORS ARE MENTIONED DOWN BELOW :
FOR THE VICTIMS FOR
THE TRAFFICKER(S)
-MENTAL TRAUMA -MONEY
-PHYSICAL TRAUMA -CHEAP LABOUR
- OSTRACISM - ESCAPE FROM
VICTIMIZATION
-LACK OF INDEPENDENT

9. CHALLENGES
• COMMERCIAL DEMAND FOR SEX
• POVERTY, GLOBALIZATION AND
UNEMPLOYMENT
• GENDER BASED DISCRIMINATION
• OTHER CHALLENGES

10. • PRO-ACTIVE POLICING THROUGH INFORMATION EXCHANGE WITH
REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT, COMMUNITY, NGOS WITH
A VIEW TO RAISE AWARENESS AND GARNER ACTIVE SUPPORT OF THE
COMMUNITY.
• PERIODICAL CHECKS ON TRANSPORTERS TO PREVENT PHYSICAL
TRANSPORTATION OF THE TRAFFICKED PERSONS.
• PREVENTION AT THE DEMAND AREA BY UNDERSTANDING/ ADDRESSING NEW
FORMS OF DEMAND. FOR EXAMPLE, PLACEMENT AGENCIES PROVIDING
DOMESTIC CHILD LABOURERS.
• FACILITATING INTER-STATE COLLABORATION BY SHARING DATA ON MISSING
CHILDREN/ KIDNAPPINGS AND SUSPECTED OFFENDERS. DEVELOPMENT OF
VICTIM AND OFFENDER PROFILES ON AN INTERAGENCY BASIS.
APPROACHES AND ACTIONS

11. POLICIES / INITIATIVES
• TRAFFICKING A HUMAN BEINGS OR PERSONS IS PROHIBITED UNDER THE
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA UNDER ARTICLE 23 (1)
• THE IMMORAL TRAFFIC (PREVENTION) ACT, 1956 (ITPA)
• CRIMINAL LAW (AMENDMENT) ACT 2013
• PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL OFFENCES (POCSO) ACT, 2012,
• THERE ARE OTHER SPECIFIC LEGISLATIONS ENACTED RELATING TO TRAFFICKING IN
WOMEN AND CHILDREN PROHIBITION OF CHILD MARRIAGE ACT, 2006, BONDED
LABOUR SYSTEM (ABOLITION) ACT, 1976, CHILD LABOUR (PROHIBITION AND
REGULATION) ACT, 1986, TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ORGANS ACT, 1994, APART
FROM SPECIFIC SECTIONS IN THE IPC, E.G. SECTIONS 372 AND 373 DEALING WITH
SELLING AND BUYING OF GIRLS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROSTITUTION.
• STATE GOVERNMENTS HAVE ALSO ENACTED SPECIFIC LEGISLATIONS TO DEAL WITH
THE ISSUE. (E.G. THE PUNJAB PREVENTION OF HUMAN SMUGGLING ACT, 2012)

12. ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKERS
• SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE IMPORTANT ROLES IN THE PREVENTION AND
INTERVENTION OF THOSE VICTIMIZED BY THIS CRIME AND OF THOSE WHO
VICTIMIZE. FROM A PREVENTION PERSPECTIVE, SOCIAL WORKERS CAN, FOR
EXAMPLE, TALK TO THEIR CLIENTS ABOUT THE WARNING SIGNS OF POTENTIAL
EXPLOITATION AND HOW TO ACCESS HELP AS WELL AS OFFER CLINICAL AND OTHER
SUPPORTS TO THOSE AT-RISK OF VICTIMIZING OTHERS (MICRO); THEY CAN HELP
EDUCATE THEIR GREATER COMMUNITIES OF THE WARNING SIGNS OF VICTIMIZING
BEHAVIOUR AND VICTIMIZATION AND INVOLVE THEMSELVES IN GREATER
COMMUNITY EFFORTS (MACRO); AND THEY CAN VOICE THE SOCIAL WORK
PERSPECTIVE TO POLITICIANS AND LAWMAKERS WHO MAKE CHOICES ABOUT
FUNDING PROGRAMS FOR THOSE MOST VULNERABLE TO VICTIMIZATION SUCH AS
THE HOMELESS, IMMIGRANTS, AND UNPROTECTED CHILDREN AND TO VICTIMIZING
SUCH AS DISENFRANCHISED GROUPS, THOSE LACKING STRONG, SUPPORTIVE
FAMILY STRUCTURES, AND THE FINANCIALLY AND EDUCATIONALLY UNDERSERVED
(MEZZO).
• FROM AN INTERVENTION PERSPECTIVE, SOCIAL WORKERS CAN PLAY A ROLE IN
PROVIDING DIRECT SUPPORT TO THOSE VICTIMIZED THROUGH ADVOCACY, PSYCHO
EDUCATIONAL, AND CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS (MICRO); EDUCATING THE

13. •VIDEO
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14. THANK YOU !!!