A short presentation about the challenges and opportunities of youth in Tanzania in current scenerio

1. CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES OF YOUTH OF
THE 21ST CENTURY WITH
REFLECTION ON TANZANIA
Amutha Pannerselvam

2. Introduction - Youth
 UN Definition
The UN, defines
‘youth’, as those
persons between the
ages of 15 and 24
years, without
prejudice to other
definitions by Member
States.
 Africa definition
Definition given in
the AfricanYouth
Charter where “youth”
means “every person
between the ages of 15
and 35 years”.
Amutha Pannerselvam

3. Facts about youth
 50 % of the world population is under 25, that
is 3 billion people
 Tanzania have the 10th largest youth
population under 15, with 47.4% and in next
decade it is going to explode.
 66% of the population is under the age of 25
inTanzania.
Amutha Pannerselvam

4. Challenges of youth in Tanzania
Social problems
 Education
 Early marriage
 Health
 Un & Under
employment
 Politics
 Social evils
Economic problems
 Poverty
 High cost of living
 Inaccessible amenities
Amutha Pannerselvam

5. Social problems
Educational issues:
 Basically the education cost in Tanzania
is too high.
 In appropriate school curriculum and
poor quality education which is
principally irrelevant to the need of
current labor market.
 Only 25% of young girls were
transitioning from primary school to
secondary school.
 The literacy rate of the group 15-24 is
77.4%
 90% of the drop out population refused
to return
Amutha Pannerselvam

6. RATIO OF GENDER DISPARITY IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
25
75
Girls
Boys
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7. Social problems
Early marriage
Early sexual activities.
2.4% of youth in the age group
between 15-24 leading parenthood
in sexual debut.
Early marriage due to high value
(Mahari) for young bride
Maximum no of young women are
widow due to the high age
difference with their partner
Adolescent fertility rate (
birth/1000 women aged 15-24) : 130
44% of women are mothers or
pregnant with their first child by the
age of 19
Amutha Pannerselvam

8. Social problems
Health
 The major health issue in Tanzania is
HIV/AIDS & Malaria.
 Treatment for any health issue is too
expensive inTanzania.
 Percentage of youth aged 15-24 infected
with Hiv is 5.7%
 45% of new infections are among young
people aged 15 -24
 75% Young women in 15-24 living with HIV
& AIDS
 21% of young people have multiple partners
 HIV infections among women is 60%
 Totally, Lack of poor health education
Amutha Pannerselvam

9. Social Problems
Unemployment &
underemployment
53.3% among youth is un
employed.
Unemployed women outnumber
unemployed men by 33%.
Underemployment is at 8.4% in
urban and 7.6% in rural areas.
Access denied for start up capital,
only 4% having access to micro credit
Youth struggle to meet the criteria of
financial support to start own
business.
Amutha Pannerselvam

10. THE INCREASED RATIO OF UNEMPLOYMENT
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11
11.2
11.4
11.6
11.8
Year2011 Year2012
10.7
11.7
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11. Bitter Facts of Employment
In Rural
 Agriculture is the
principle employer for
rural youth .
 It is characterized with
limited inducements.
 Negatively affected by
climate change.
 As agriculture is used for
consumption more than
income generation.
In Urban
 The skills of the job
seeker does not meet the
demand of the employer.
 Trend of
recruitment(staffing
experienced)
 Hazardous working
condition, Exploitation
 Hostile condition in
employment-Sex bribe
harassment (Women)
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12. Social Problems
Politics
 The government of Tanzania introduced
youth development policy in 1997.
 Even a number of policies refer to young
people it failed to engage youth in
planning, implementing and monitoring .
 Elders marginalizing youngsters in
decision making
 Weak linkages and coordination in
programmes.
 Few policies are only in the charter but not
implemented
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13. Social problems
Other social issues
 Youth are affected by drugs, crime,
alcoholism,Trafficking, prostitution
etc.
 The consequences of lacking livelihood
and employment opportunities
increasing the rate of migration ,
criminals , drug abuse and HIV/AIDS
infection.
 The contrast between lack of
technology and modern
technology(mobile, internet)
 Social relationship of youth
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14. Economical problem
 Poverty
 High cost of
living
 In accessible
amenities
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15. Cycle of poverty
Poor Education
Unemployment
Poverty
Social
evils
Health
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16. Opportunities that we need to create
for youth development
 Appropriate post primary education
 Skill development centers
 Livelihood promotion activities
 Access to start up capital, micro credit
 Strengthening institutional linkages
 Reformation in law
 Health & Sex Education
 Accessible basic amenities
 Enabling participation of youth in decision making
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17. Conclusion
 The key challenge lies on creating
employment opportunity , reforming the
education system enabling the youth to
participate in decision making.
The suggested measures will help
the government to control the rampant
issues.
Statistics Courtesy: Restless Development

18. Thank you
Amutha Pannerselvam