Reducing the risks of nonstructural earthquake damage

1. Reducing the Risks of Nonstructural
Earthquake Damage
DCTS
november 2013
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND NATIONAL REGULATIONS 1

2. Earthquake Damage
A survey of 25 damaged commercial buildings following the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake
revealed the following breakdown of property losses:
3
7
structural damage
electrical and
mechanical
56
34
exterior finishes
interior finishes
A similar survey of 50 damaged high‐rise buildings, which were far enough away from the
earthquake fault rupture to experience only mild shaking, showed that none had major structural
damage but major nonstructural damages:
8
drywall or plaster
partitions
elevators
15
43
18
broken windows
air‐conditioning
systems
SOURCES: BASED ON FEMA E 74/2011
2

3. OVERALL LOADS
LOADS FROM BUILDING FUNCTIONING
LOADS FROM TENANT STORE ORGANIZATION
AT LEAST 100 kg/sqm in design.
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 3

4. Work Conditions
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
‐
Poor structure details from the original project;
Poor estimation of partitions and instalation loads in main structure
design;
Big spans for the main structure;
Level height over 6 meters conducting to ceiling height of over 2.50
meters;
Shops area over 100 sqm;
Contractor “Experience” and design denial.
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 4

5. CEILING WEIGHT
TILE CEILING
‐ 19mm thick tile: 7.6kg/mp
‐Ceilling structure: 1kg
‐ 3 type wall‐washer lamps G35: 3x1, 38kg/buc = 4.2 kg
‐ 1.2 ml tracks: 1.2 x1kg/ml = 1.2 kg
‐ 2 lamps G35 rail (M + N): 2x2, 5 = 5kg
‐ 1 head spinkler + fittings: 1kg
‐ 1 plenum: 6kg
7.6
1
4.2
1.2
5
1
20
1
4.2
1.2
5
1
6
18.4
7.6
1
1.38
0.72
10
1
21.7
PLATERBOARD CEILING
‐ 12mm gypsum plasterboard: 9kg/mp
‐Ceilling structure: 1kg
‐ 3 type wall‐washer lamps G35: 3x1, 38kg/buc = 4.2 kg
‐ 1.2 ml tracks: 1.2 x1kg/ml = 1.2 kg
‐ 2 lamps G35 rail (M + N): 2x2, 5 = 5kg
‐ 1 head spinkler + fittings: 1kg
‐ 1 plenum: 6kg
‐ 12mm OSB: 7.1kg/mp
9
1
4.2
1.2
5
1
9
1
4.2
1.2
5
1
1.42
22.82
1.42
21.4
9
1
1.38
0.72
10
1
6
29.1
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 5

6. OTHER LOADS
DUCTS
Latime
Inaltime Grosime
Greutate/m Greutate/m
tubulatura tubulatura tubulatura
[KN]
[Kg]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]
400
500
560
600
600
600
600
CABLE TRAYS
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
HVAC EQUIPMENTS
250
315
400
450
500
550
600
650
300
350
400
500
600
800
1000
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.15
0.18
0.20
6.59
8.01
9.04
10.36
15.07
17.58
20.10
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
3.70
4.66
5.92
6.66
7.39
8.13
8.87
9.61
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 6

7. OVERALL LOADS
LOADS FROM BUILDING FUNCTIONING
LOADS FROM TENANT STORE ORGANIZATION
AT LEAST 100 kg/sqm
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 7

8. ON SITE – INSIDE THE CEILING
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 8

9. ON SITE – ON THE CEILING
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 9
1

10. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
Rods missing at the edge.
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION
10

11. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION
11

12. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION
12

13. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
Frames
under ducts
to fix the
ceiling
structure.
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION
13

14. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
SEISMIC JOINTS IN EXISTING STRUCTURE – SEISMIC JOINT IN CEILING STRUCTURE
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION
14

15. LACK OF WILL
CEILING BRACEINGS
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION
15

16. SOLUTION OVERVIEW
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 16

17. SOLUTION OVERVIEW
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 17

18. SOLUTION OVERVIEW
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 18

19. SOLUTION OVERVIEW
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 19

20. SOLUTION OVERVIEW
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 20

21. SOLUTION OVERVIEW
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 21

22. SOLUTION OVERVIEW
SOURCES: BASED ON DETAILED PROJECTS AND AS BUILT DOCUMENTATION 22

23. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT
ANA‐MARIA POPA AT:
anamaria.popa@dcts.ro
+40 721 308 407
www.dcts.ro
23