Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer diesease

2. Introduction
o Alzheimer's disease
Is a progressive neurologic disorder that atrophies the brain and causes
cells to die. Age is it´s main risk factor.
This disease affects memory, thinking, and social skills. For that reason,
patients lose their ability to function independently.

3. apoE-ε4→ Each additional copy of this allele is associated with a
higher risk of AD and a younger mean age of dementia onset.
Introduction
o Apolipoprotein E (apoE)
Is the proteic component of lipoprotein particles, that carries cholesterol in
the blood.
In humans, there are three versions of APOE gene ε2 (apoE2), ε3 (apoE3),
and ε4 (apoE4).

4. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the
levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) apolipoprotein E (apoE)
species in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients.

5. 01 02
ELISA: It’s used to detect antibodies or
antigens in the blood. The antibody or
antigen that is going to be studied binds to
a specific enzyme, in order to detect it.
Transgenic rat CSF: Are rats that express some
human genes. They were used in this study to
colect CSF samples.
It was used in this study to measure the levels
of the Alzheimer´s disease biomarkers (T-tau,
P-tau, and Aβ42) in the CSF.
They evaluated different proteins that
included brain analysis in each stage and this
could not be carried out in humans
Methods

6. Methods
03 04
Western blot: used to detect a specific
protein. It involves using electrophoresis to
separate proteins and then exposing them
to a specific antibody against the protein
under study.
ApoE immunoprecipitation:
This is a technique in which a protein
antigen is precipitated from a solution using
an antibody that binds to a protein.
It was used since the presence of apoE had to
be evaluated
This procedure was used to isolate and
concentrate a protein, that in this case is apoE.

7. Figure 1 Figure 3
Results

8. Results
Figure 2

9. Discussion
Author What the autor says Agree or disagree
Heywood WE,
Galimberti D, Bliss E,
Sirka E, Paterson RW,
Magdalinou NK,
et al, 2015.
Some previous studies that did not
distinguish the contribution of particular
apoE species
have indicated that CSF apoE levels in AD
patients are
Increased.
Agree
Halim A, Rüetschi U,
Larson G, Nilsson J,
2013.
The 34- and 36-kDa species are likely
different O-glycoforms,
and the difference in electrophoretic mobility
of the apoE glycoforms could be a
consequence of its
Sialylation.
Agree
Kockx M, Traini M,
Kritharides L, 2018.
ApoE is exclusively O-glycosylated and
can be capped with one or two sialic acids
Agree

10. Conclussions
Molecular biology
influences medicine, as it
deals with
understanding, and
treating the more
specific details that
cause each of the
pathologies.
Besides it gives us the bases for disease
prevention, through research such as the
one carried out in this article, since if we
discover the molecular bases of a disease,
we will have more tools to avoid it.