It's an Electrical core topic on which you can deliver your presentation with respect to your industrial certification program. you can use Course era online courses platform as like me for this type of certification. it's really beneficial for you guys Thanks//.

1. Welcome
to
Presentation on
“Power Quality Problems & Solutions”
By-ANAND KUMAR YADAV
B.Tech (EEE)
ROLL NO.- 1703021004

2. Content
 Introduction
 Definition / meaning
 Poor & Good Power Quality
 Power Quality Problems (PQP)
 Categories of power quality problems
 Causes & Consequences of PQP
 Solutions to PQP
 References
 Accomplishments
2

3. Power Quality
 Power Quality:
 Electrical network’s ability to supply a clean & stable power
supply
 Poor Power Quality:
 sufficient deviation in the power supply to cause equipment failure
 Good Power Quality:
 power supply is sufficient for the equipment to operate
satisfactorily
 Power Quality = Voltage Quality, P = V I
3

4. Power Quality Problems
 Voltage sag (or dip)
 Short-interruptions
 Long interruptions
 Voltage spikes
 Voltage swells
 Harmonic distortion
 Voltage fluctuations
 Noise
 Voltage Imbalance
4

5. Voltage Sag(or Dip)
 Definition:
 Decrease of the voltage level
between 10 and 90% of the
nominal RMS voltage
 Causes:
 Faults on the transmission or
distribution network.
 Faults in consumer’s installation.
 Connection of heavy loads &
start-up of large motors.
 Consequences:
 Malfunction of microprocessor-
based control systems that may
lead to a process stoppage.
 Tripping of electromechanical
relays.
5

6. Short-Interruptions
 Total interruption of electrical supply for duration from few milliseconds to one
or two seconds.
 Causes:
 Opening and automatic reclosure of protection devices.
 Insulation failure, lightning and insulator flashover.
 Consequences:
 Tripping of protection devices.
 Loss of information and malfunction of data processing equipment.
 Stoppage of sensitive equipment (such as ASDs, PLCs).
6

7. Long Interruptions
 Total interruption of electrical supply for duration greater than 1 to 2
seconds.
 Causes:
 Equipment failure in the power system network.
 Storms and objects (trees, cars, etc) striking lines or poles, fire.
 Human error, bad coordination or failure of protection devices.
 Consequences:
 Stoppage of all equipment.
7

8. Voltage Spike
 Definition:
 Very fast variation of the voltage value for
durations from a several microseconds to
few milliseconds
 Causes:
 Lightning, switching of lines or power
factor correction capacitors, disconnection
of heavy loads.
 Consequences:
 Destruction of components (particularly
electronic components) and of insulation
materials
 data processing errors or data loss
 electromagnetic interference. 8

9. Voltage Swell
 Definition:
 Increase in RMS voltage above
110% at power frequency
 Causes:
 Start/stop of heavy loads.
 Poorly dimensioned power sources.
 Poorly regulated transformers.
 Consequences:
 Flickering of lighting and screens.
 Damage or stoppage or damage of
sensitive equipment.
9

10. Harmonic Distortion
 waveform corresponds to the sum of different sine-waves with different
magnitude and phase, having frequencies that are multiples of power
frequency
 Causes:
 all non-linear loads: power electronics equipment
 SMPS, data processing equipment
 Consequences:
 overheating of all cables and equipment
 loss of efficiency in electric machines
 errors in measures when using average reading meters
 tripping of thermal protections.
10

11. Voltage Fluctuations
 Definition:
 Oscillation of voltage value, amplitude modulated by a signal
with frequency of 0 to 30 Hz.
 Causes:
 Frequent start/stop of electric motors
 oscillating loads
 Consequences
 flickering of lighting and screens
11

12. Noise
 Definition:
 Superimposing of high frequency signals on the waveform of the power-
system frequency.
 Causes:
 Electromagnetic interferences provoked by microwaves, television
diffusion
 Radiation due to welding machines
 Improper grounding
 Consequences:
 Disturbances on sensitive electronic equipment
 data processing errors.
12

13. Voltage Imbalance
 A voltage variation in a three-phase
system in which the three voltage
magnitudes or the phase-angle
differences between them are not equal.
 Causes:
 Large single-phase loads
 Incorrect distribution of loads by the
three phases of the system.
 Consequences:
 The most affected loads are three
phase induction machines.
 Increase in the losses.
13

14. PQ Solutions
 POWER CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
1. Transient Voltage Surge Suppressors (TVSS)
2. Filters
3. Isolation Transformers
4. Voltage Regulators
5. Dynamic Voltage Restorer
6. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
7. Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)
8. Static Var Compensator(SVC)
9. Thyristor based static switch
14

15.  TVSS stands for Transient Voltage Surge Suppression. TVSS devices
protect equipment from short duration, high voltage events. The most
common are associated with nearby lightning strikes or switching of large
loads. TVSS units work by clamping voltages to a safe level before
equipment is effected or destroyed.
 In signal processing, a filter is a device or process that removes some
unwanted components or features from a signal. Filtering is a class of
signal processing, the defining feature of filters being the complete or partial
suppression of some aspect of the signal.
 Isolation transformers provide galvanic isolation and are used to protect
against electric shock, to suppress electrical noise in sensitive devices, or
to transfer power between two circuits which must not be connected.
 A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a
constant voltage level. A voltage regulator may use a simple feed-forward
design or may include negative feedback. It may use an electromechanical
mechanism, or electronic components.
 The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) detects and compensates for sags in
the voltage of the AC power source so that the loads are insulated from
these power reliability issues.
15

16.  A standby UPS resorts to battery backup power in the event of common
power problems such as a blackout, voltage sag, or voltage surge. When
incoming utility power drops below or surges above safe voltage levels, the
UPS switches to DC battery power and then inverts it to AC power to run
connected equipment.
 A unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is a device that is similar in
construction to a unified power flow conditioner (UPFC) [1]. The UPQC, like
a UPFC, employs two voltage source inverters (VSIs) that are connected to
a common dc energy storage capacitor.
 A static VAR compensator (SVC) is a set of electrical devices for providing
fast-acting reactive power on high-voltage electricity transmission networks.
SVCs are part of the Flexible AC transmission system device family,
regulating voltage, power factor, harmonics and stabilizing the system.
 Thyristor-based static transfer switches (STS's) are feeding sensitive loads
with two independent sources by monitoring voltage quality. STS is used in
distribution networks to provide connection to alternate sources of ac power
for critical loads when the main source fails.
16

17. References
 Aníbal T. de Almeida (2003). A Presentation on ‘Power Quality Problems and
New Solutions’ in International Conference on Renewable Power and Power
Quality ’03 Vigo, University of Coimbra (April 9 – 11).
 Mandela Gain (2012). ‘Power Quality Problems and solutions: An Overview’ in
International Journal of Science and Research, Vol. 3(10) .
 J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 125,
Jul. 16, 1990.
 T. Mei and T. Yang, “Circuit and method for average–current regulation of
light-emitting diodes,” U.S. Patent 7 898 187 B1, 2011, Mar. 1, 2012.
 W. W. Black and A. Clavin, “Dipole augmented slot radiating element,” U.S.
Patent 3594806, Jul. 1971.
 S. P. Voinigescu et al., Direct m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
operating in saturated power
 mode,” U.S. Patent Appl. 20110013726A1, Jan. 20, 2011.
 Coursera /power system and distribution & Natural gas.
17

18. ACCOMPLISHMENTS
18