1. Anar Godjaev
http://anargodjaev.wordpress.com/
PL/SQL Blocks
declare
--<Variables, Cursors, user defined exception>
begin
--<Sql statements>
--<PL/SQL statements>
exception
When <exception name> then
--<Actions to perform when errors, occur>
end;
EX:
declare
v_variablevarchar2(15);
begin
selectcolumn_name
intov_variable
fromtable_name;
exception
whenothers then
null;
end;
create or replace procedure <procedure_name> as
--<declare any variables here>
begin
null;
end;
create or replace function <function_name> return <datatype> as
--<declare any veriables here>
begin
return<value>;
end;
Variable Types:
scalar (single value) -- varchar2, number, date, subtype
composite (records) -- record, plsql table
reference (pointer) -- ref cursor
LOB (large objects) -- BLOB, CLOB, LOB
Bind variables -- variables defined outside plsql block, ex: .NET, Java, sqlplus
Scalar data types:

2. Anar Godjaev
http://anargodjaev.wordpress.com/
Char, varchar2, long, number, binary_integer, boolean, date, timestamp, timestamp
withtimezone, timestamp with local time zone
declare
str_jobvarchar2(15);
int_countbinary_integer := 0;
n_tot_salnumber(9,2);
cons_numconstant number(3,2) := 8.25;
b_validboolean not null default true;
_name employees.last_name%TYPE;
date_dtdate := sysdate+7;
subtypetype_my_varchar varchar2(100);
type_my_charmy_varchar;
EX:
declare
n_deptnonumber(4); --departments.department_no%TYPE
n_location_idnumber(4); --departments.locations_id%TYPE
begin
selectdepartment_id, location_id
intov_deptno, v_location_id
fromdepartments where department_name= 'Sales';
end;
Composite data types:
Records:
rec_tbl_based is table_name%ROWTYPE;
rec_cur_based is cur_name%ROWTYPE;
typetype_rec_var_based is (field1 datatype1, field2 datatype2, .. )
rec_my_recordtype_rec_var_based
selectcol_name into rec_my_record.col_name from table_name;
selectrec_my_record.col_name from dual;
EX:
declare
rec_empemployees%ROWTYPE;
n_employee_numbernumber := 1024;
begin
select* into emp_recfrom employees
whereemployee_id= n_employee_number;
insert into retired_emps
(emp_no, ename, job, mng, hire_date, leave_date, sql, comm, rept_no)
values
(emp_rec.employee_id, emprec.lastname,...);
commit;
end;

3. Anar Godjaev
http://anargodjaev.wordpress.com/
EX:
declare
typeemp_record_typeis record
(
last_namevarchar2(25),
job_idvarchar2(10),
salarynumber(8,2)
);
emp_recordemp_record_type;
begin
emp_record.last_name:= 'ERGEM';
dbms_output.put_line(emp_record.last_name);
end;
Plsql Tables:
typetype_tbl_city_codes is table of varchar2(50);
typetype_tbl_city_codes is table of t_city.code%TYPE;
typetype_tbl_based_on_cur is table of type_rec_var_based
[index by binary integer];
tbl_city_codestype_tbl_city_codes;
select code into tbl_city_codes(15) from t_city where city_id=15;
selecttbl_city_codes(15) from dual;
typeename_table_type is table of employees.lastname%TYPE
index by binary_integer;
ename_tableename_table_type;
EX:
declare
-- declare the table type
typeename_table_typeis table of
varchar2(100);--employees.last_name%TYPE index by binary integer;
typehiredate_table_typeis table of
dateindex by binary_integer;
-- declare the table type variable
ename_tableename_table_type;
hiredate_tablehiredate_table_type;
begin
-- initialize the table by a call to the constructor
ename_table:= ename_table_type();
-- extend the table
ename_table.extend(1);
-- assign a value
ename_table(1) := 'cameron';
-- indexed tables do not need initializing and extending

4. Anar Godjaev
http://anargodjaev.wordpress.com/
-- hiredate_table := hiredate_table_type();
-- hiredate_table.extend(10);
hiredate_table(8) := sysdate + 7;
ifename_table.exists(1) then
--insert into ...
dbms_output.put_line(ename_table(1));
dbms_output.put_line(hiredate_table(8));
end if;
end;
Pl/SQL table attributes:
Exists [(n)]
Count
First
Last
Prior [(n)]
Next [(n)]
Trim [(n)] -- rename one element from end table
Delete [(n)] -- remove elements
EX:
declare
typeemp_table_typeis table of employees%ROWTYPE
index by binary_integer;
my_emp_tableemp_table_type;
v_countnumber(3) := 104;
begin
fori in 10.. v_countloop
select* into my_emp_table(i) from employees
whereemployee_id= i;
end loop;
fori in my_emp_table.first .. my_emp_table.last loop
dbms_output.put_line(my_emp_table.lastname(i));
end loop;
end;
Variables in nested blocks:
declare
d_birth_date date;
begin
declare
d_birth_date date;
begin
...
Outer.d_birth_date:=to_Date(’03-NOV-2013’,’DD-MON-YYYY’);
end;

5. Anar Godjaev
http://anargodjaev.wordpress.com/
...
end;
EX:
<<outer>>-- label the outer block
Declare
n_sum_salnumber(10,2);
n_dept_nonumber not null := 60;
--n_employee_idemployees.employee_id%TYPE;
Begin
declare
n_sum_salnumber(10,2) := 1111;
begin
/*
select sum(salary) into outer.n_sum_sal
from employees
wheredepartment_id = n_dept_no;
*/
-- call to outer block variable
outer.n_sum_sal:= 2532.22;
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The outer sum salary is: ' ||
to_char(n_sum_sal));
/*
selecthire_date from employees
whereemployee_id = n_employee_id;
*/
end;