1. THE EU & THE MIGRANT
CRISIS
Anastasiia Potsiluiko
Samah Filali Alaoui
Thanh Ha Nguyen

2. OUTLINE
Background
The situation
Impacts
EU Reactions
Suggestions

3. BACKGROUND

4. GLOBAL REFUGEE CRISIS
- the number of forcibly
displaced people
worldwide
Million
refugees
Million
asylum-seekers
Million Syrian refugees
in 2014 - the largest
refugee group
Million Afghan refugees
were the largest refugee
group for 3 decades

5. THE REALITY
The phrases "European migrant crisis" and "European refugee crisis"
became widely used in April 2015, when five boats carrying almost
2,000 migrants to Europe sank in the Mediterranean Sea, with a
combined death toll estimated at more than 1,200 people.

6. MIGRANT & REFUGEES
DEFINITIONS
An asylum seeker is defined as a person fleeing persecution
or conflict, and therefore seeking international protection
under the 1951 Refugee Convention on the Status of
Refugees
A refugee is an asylum seeker whose claim has been
approved
The UN considers migrants fleeing war or persecution to be
refugees, even before they officially receive asylum
A mixed-migration phenomenon

7. COMMON EUROPEAN ASYLUM
SYSTEM
Asylum seekers apply
through Asylum
Procedures
Asylum applicants
receive material
reception conditions
Applicant’s
fingerprints are
taken and sent to a
Eurodac
Interviewed by a
caseworker to determine
whether he/she may
qualify for refugee status
or subsidiary protection
If asylum is not granted
to the applicant at first
instance, this refusal
may be appealed in
court
If the court confirm this
decision, the applicant
may be returned to
his/her country of origin
or transit
If refugee status is granted,
people can access to a
residence permit
Overturning of
the negative first
instance decision
by the court

8. DUBLIN REGULATIONS
Asylum seekers must remain in the first European
country they enter and that country is solely responsible
for examining migrants' asylum applications
Migrants who travel to other EU states face deportation
back to the EU country they originally entered
Reformation of the Dublin Regulation

9. THE
SITUATION

10. THE SITUATION
How many migrants are going to the EU?
Where do they come from?
How do they get to the EU?
What are their destinations?

11. HOW MANY MIGRANTS ARE
GOING TO EUROPE
people have been reaching
Europe by sea since the
start of 2016
people reached Europe by
sea and land in 2015

12. HOW MANY MIGRANTS ARE
GOING TO EUROPE
new asylum applications in
Germany in 2015
people claimed asylum in 2015
applications in 2015 in Hungary
applications in 2015 in Sweden

13. HOW MANY MIGRANTS ARE
GOING TO EUROPE
Asylum applications per 100,000 local population in 2015
SWEDEN: more than 1,575 refugees/100,000 residents
HUNGARY: 1,508 refugees/100,000 residents
GERMANY: 520 refugees/100,000 residents
UK: 42 refugees/100,000 residents

14. WHERE DO THE MIGRANTS
COME FROM
56%
adult
men17%
women
27%
children

15. HOW DO THEY GET TO THE EU

16. WHAT ARE THEIR DESTINATIONS

17. IMPACTS

18. ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Migrants lead to increases in social
sector spending: Host countries must
house and educate refugees until they
become productive members of the
local economy
€8,000
per application
for first year
Refugees increase aggregate demand:
New migrants represent potential
markets for new services leading to: In
real income and GDP for their host
countries as native workers and
professional migrate to new forms and
types of work
Europe Economy
in 2016 - 2017

19. ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Migrants alter the local labour market: Skilled refugees may
compete with local workers for jobs, which may result in a
temporary increase in unemployment numbers
By the end of 2016
EEA labour
force
Germany
labour force
The labour market of host countries may become flexible with migrant
workers taking jobs that locals shun
Asylum seekers can only enter the labor force if they gain refugees
status (from 3 months – a few years)

20. ECONOMIC IMPACTS
The influx from Cuba into
the U.S. in the 1960s -
Combination of highly
skilled & low skilled
migrants was a good source
for growth
Sweden lets in 25
times as many
immigrants as the U.S
does—and economy is
in excellent shape
In both optimistic &
pessimistic scenarios there
is a positive increase in
projected income of
Germany in the long run

21. POLITICAL IMPACTS
Disintegration of the travel-free Schengen Agreement
• Several EU members temporarily re-established
border checks in an effort to contain the influx of
asylum seekers
• The establishment of internal border controls is
exactly the opposite of the Schengen Area’s raison
d’être. Creating tension between the member states
and affecting Trade as it delays the movement of
goods

22. POLITICAL IMPACTS
The German power/ EU division: by responding to the
refugee crisis independently, Germany has shown the way to
purely national responses by others
 This can turn into a downward spiral: an integrated EU
response is made more difficult as a result of go-it-alone
policies
 The resulting absence of a convincing EU response will
lead Germany and others to further act on their own
initiative, thus fuelling souverainiste forces overall
 The systematic practice of souverainisme by each member state is not
conducive to the emergence of the EU as a single strategic actor

23. POLITICAL IMPACTS
Advantage for the UK exit debate: the migration crisis
strengthens the UK's negotiating and increase the risk of
positive vote for the Brexit
Turkey holding the key power and this could be in its
favour: Turkey has the ability to promt further
emigration towards the EU, which gives Turkey
negotiation power
Changes in the European priorities in the Middle East:
avoiding large scale of refugee flows; eliminating ISIS;
providing the non-jihadi component of the Syrian
rebellion with the ability to resist Russian and Iranian
operations in support of Assad, while seeking his removal
by political means

24. SOCIAL IMPACTS
Reduction in the social welfare budget/ benefits:
Asylum seekers only have the ability to earn money
by way of social welfare, therefore it could reduce
the basic state services to citizens of the host
countries
Idleness and porverty within a refugee camp may cause
an excalation of security and social problems such as
crimes, prostitution and alcoholism
Different ethnicity, failures in communication and
understanding caused by language and culture can
form serious barriers with the local population and
create conflicts.

25. EU
REACTIONS

26. SAVING LIVES & SECURING
TRIPLED the budget for
Frontex to reinforce its
joint operations Triton and
Poseidon in order to save
lives
EU ACTION PLAN
against migrant smuggling
(2015 – 2020)
EU NAVAL OPERATION
against human smugglers
and traffickers - EUNAVFOR
Med
lives have been rescued in
the Central Mediterranean
since June 2015
arriving during the month
of August 2015, the same
as 2014

27. RELOCATION & ASSISTANCE
Made a commitment to
relocate 160,000 people
from Greece, Italy and the
most affected members
HOTSPOT APPROACH
in Italy and Greece to
identify, register and
fingerprint migrants &
refugees
people have been relocated until
13 January 2016
Till the end of 2015, only 1/5
hotspot in Greece (Lesvos) & 2/6
hotspots in Italy (Lampedusa and
Trapani) are operational
€1.3 million
To cover new staff for
2015
€700 million
Emergency Funding
(2015: €100 million
2016: €600 million)

28. SUPPORT THIRD COUNTRIES
Made a commitment to
RESETTLING 22,504
displaced persons till the
end of 2017
had been effectively resettled
until 13 January 2016
0
100
200
300
400
500
EU
Budget
Member
State
Extra support of
€500m €442.74m
Shortfall
€57.26m
Funds for
Humanitarian Aid
0
100
200
300
400
500
EU
Budget
Member
State
Extra support of
€500m €434.48m
Shortfall
€465.52m
EU Trust Fund for the
Syrian crisis
0
100
200
300
400
500
EU
Budget
Member
State
Initial Capital
Contribution
€1800m €81.27m
Shortfall
€1718.73m
Emergency Trust Fund
for Africa

29. COOPERATING WITH THIRD
COUNTRIES
Meeting on the
Western Balkans
Migration Route
Providing temporary shelter, food,
healthcare, water and sanitation
Managing the migration flows
together by sharing information
about flows and avoiding taking
unilateral decisions
Strengthening border
management by bilateral border-
related confidence-building
measures

30. COOPERATING WITH THIRD
COUNTRIES
EU – Turkey
Action Plan
Offer temporary
protection to Syrian
refugees
Strengthen
cooperation with the
EU & implement a
series of repressive
measures against
irregular migration
Mobilize funds in
the most flexible
and rapid way
Consider the visa
liberalisation
dialogue with Turkey

31. FURTHER REGULATION
PROPOSALS
Establish a European Border and Coast Guard –
reinforcing the mandate of Frontex
Legal migration package including revision of Blue
Card
A long-term, EU-wide system of resettlement and
relocation
A credible and effective return policy

32. SUGGESTIONS

33. SUGGESTIONS
Reinforce the resettlement and relocation systems
Considering private sponsorship
Improve the living conditions at refugee centers in Turkey
and Europe
Create new system that allows asylum-seekers to register
requests from their home countries or states adjoining the
EU
Open legal channels for economic migrants seeking work in
the EU, both high and low qualified employees

34. THANK YOU