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Caching 101
- 1. CACHING 101 (and a little dose of optimization) PRESENTED TO DETROIT METRO WORDPRESS MEETUP BY ANDY MELICHAR
- 2. Director of Web Development and Agile Product Owner for A2 Hosting We spend a lot of time on making WordPress better for our customers! Ask me about Agile/Scrum!
- 3. From the Perspective of a Hosting Company… A high percentage of our current and new customers are WordPress users, and the number keeps rising Being on the hosting end, we can dig into common performance issues MUCH deeper because we know our web servers inside and out The very high percentage of WordPress related support requests that we receive are performance related, so we’ve looked at many different ways to improve performance
- 4. How many of you… Have attempted to optimize your WP Site? Have installed/configured a caching plugin? Know what a CDN is? Have added configurations to an .htaccess file Are running your own server (VPS/dedicated/cloud) ?
- 5. What the heck is caching, anyway?
- 6. Cache [kash] noun Computers. a temporary storage space or memory that allows fast access to data: Web browser cache; CPU cache.
- 7. Several Kinds of Caching Systems Page Cache Asset Cache Object Cache Bytecode Cache
- 8. Page Cache Takes an entire rendered page and saves it as a file, so it doesn’t have to get rendered again.
- 9. Asset Cache Stores files associated with a page, such as images, javascript, CSS Typically happens on the client side, or through use of a CDN (Content Delivery Network)
- 10. Object Cache / Database Cache Stores the results of commonly-used queries so the database doesn’t have to retrieve them repeatedly
- 11. Bytecode Cache Stores the compiled code (PHP) so the the web server doesn’t have to re-compile it at every page load
- 12. How do I get caching on my site?
- 14. That’s all fine and dandy, what does that have to do with WordPress? (AND WHY SHOULD I CARE?)
- 15. Some statistics… 40% of people abandon a website that takes more than 3 seconds to load A 1 second delay in page response can result in a 7% reduction in conversions If an e-commerce site is making $100,000 per day, a 1 second page delay could potentially cost you $2.5 million in lost sales every year Source: https://blog.kissmetrics.com/loading-time/
- 16. Bottom line… A poorly optimized website can cost you real $$ in support and hosting costs By diving into performance and optimization, you’ll learn more about WordPress, and more about web systems and infrastructure Caching is one of the quickest, easiest ways you can improve the performance of your WordPress site
- 17. How do you measure performance?
- 18. Performance Measurement Tools Gtmetrix.com – my favorite! Free Easy to use/understand Has a WordPress Plugin WebPageTest.org Also Free Lots of great detailed information LoadImpact.com Free + Paid plans Simulates multiple, concurrent users hitting your site
- 19. What Measurements Matter? Page Load Time Most representative of the customer experience Best “overall” performance metric Total Page Size Good to keep an eye on this for major problems such as Uncompressed images High-resource themes/plugins
- 20. The Target: ke0ata.com On a VPS server with several other sites, all fairly low traffic Running nginx web server Faster than Apache Latest WordPress
- 21. Let’s Look at our Before (Without Caching)
- 22. First of all… Clean house! Get rid of unused themes/plugins/etc. Don’t just deactivate… DELETE Be sure everything is up-to-date Most recent WordPress version Plugins are all updated to latest version
- 23. Optimizations within WordPress Utilize a Caching Plugin W3 Total Cache or Fix-W3TC Free and HIGHLY configurable WP Rocket Paid, but comes well-recommended WP Super Cache Robust and easy to use
- 24. The Client/Server Process WITHOUT Page Caching
- 25. The orange arrows repeat for every: • Image • CSS File • JavaScript File • Video • Etc.
- 26. The Client/Server Process WITH Page Caching
- 27. With Caching, we skip a bunch of steps! • File System • PHP • Database
- 28. Enable Caching – Results (Gtmetrix) Before Caching After Caching
- 29. 25 Concurrent Virtual Users Using LoadImpact.com No Caching: 1.5s Page Load Time Caching: 180ms Page Load Time
- 30. Optimizations within WordPress Turn on Minification Most caching plugins will have an option for this, but it may not be enabled by default You DO have to be careful, because Minification can break some themes/plugins, YMMV
- 31. Minification – JQuery Before / After Before 10,220 Lines 261KB File Size After 3 (LONG) Lines 85KB File Size ~60% Reduction In size
- 32. Optimizations within WordPress Turn on GZip Compression Vast majority of hosts (especially shared hosts) support GZip from the server level, it just needs to be enabled Easily enabled via .htaccess rules Most caching plugins will also have an option to enable GZip compression https://codex.wordpress.org/Output_Compression
- 33. Enable GZip – Results (Gtmetrix) Before Gzip After Gzip
- 34. Server-Side Optimizations for WordPress Add “Expires” headers for static content This tells the user’s browser to cache static files locally so they don’t have to transferred repeatedly Done in either .htaccess or nginx config Plugins like W3 Total Cache can help you do this, though you may still need to edit an .htaccess or nginx config file
- 35. Server-Side Optimizations for WordPress Enable APC/OpCache APC (for PHP < 5.5) or OpCache (for PHP 5.5 and greater) reduces the amount of time it takes the server to process PHP files Few shared hosts have this enabled on their servers Typically need to have a VPS or Dedicated server with APC or OpCache Installed Once enabled on the server, nothing to configure or turn on in WordPress
- 36. The Results!
- 37. What’s up with that ‘C’ ?
- 38. What’s up with that ‘C’ ? If we wanted to further optimize, we could bring these JS/CSS files local so they would get Minified/GZipped
- 39. Look a little closer at our “After” On a repeat view we are REALLY flying Only 1 request needed Under 1s load time Bytes in: 16KB!
- 40. Final Thoughts There are LOTS of options to optimize/gain performance You don’t have to do them all Many people in the WordPress community know how to help you with these configurations The Codex is your friend!
- 41. Questions?
Notes de l'éditeur
- One of the nice things about working for a hosting company is that I, and my colleagues, get to know WordPress really well.
- In order to fully understand the impact of caching, we first need to understand HOW we measure performance on our website.
- (talk through each step)
- Talk through each step and explain how it is a much shorter process.
- On the GTMetrix we can see a direct result in our page load time. It’s not huge, but my website also isn’t very complex, so it’s harder for us to see enormous improvements. The other thing to remember about caching, is that when it REALLY shines, is with concurrent website traffic. Let’s take a look!
- Here’s where we really see the difference – this test was conducted with LoadImpact sending 25 users to my site over 5 minutes.
- Jquery is a fairly common javascript library used in many frameworks and themes. If you compare the the full, development-ready version of Jquery against the same version run through minification, you can see the difference in size.
- Here’s a before and after, you can see the direct results in both our PageSpeed and Yslow scores, but also the Total Page Size is reduced by about a third.
- Where we really see a benefit is in the repeat view…