2. Urban Planning & Design Masterclass
Banjarmasin 2015
“URBAN WATER CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES”
Angel David Osorio
Chartered Civil Engineer (MICE)
BSc in Agricultural Engineering, MSc in Hydrologic Engineering, BSc in Economics
Drainage Design Manager – ARCADIS/HYDER CONSULTING (Philippines)Drainage Design Manager – ARCADIS/HYDER CONSULTING (Philippines)
3. Urban Development: Key Issues
Source: Asian Development Bank - Urban Development: Issues & Challenges
• Rapid urban population growth: 2008, > half world population lived in urban areas
(3.3 billion people) . 2030, expected almost 5 billion. Most of this growth will be in
developing countries. Urban population of Africa and Asia expected to double between
2000 and 2030 (UNFPA, 2007).
• High urban poverty level: Almost 25% of Asia's urban population is poor.
• Inadequate basic services: Large number of Asian cities cannot adequately provide
urban basic services. < Half of the cities population is covered by water supply. A
number of cities do not have efficient systems of solid waste collection. Majority of the
cities do not have sewerage system connections, and sanitary landfill facilities.
• Environmental degradation: With an increasing population density, especially in slums
areas, environmental and health problems are rising as well as concerns in managing
the consumption of non-renewable resources.
http://www.adb.org/themes/urban-development/issues
4. Banjarmasin Urban Development: Integrated
Sanitation Approach
WATER SUPPLY Management: Coverage of 98% of city population!
However, daily dotation (l/person/day)? Sufficient for essential domestic
uses (food, bathing, washing, toilet and leakage)?
Future demand for commercial/industrial uses?
SEWAGE Management: Work Plan - 2028 for processing wastewater via
off-site and on-site systems :
7 N° WWTW, Future capacity? Current implementation progress status?7 N° WWTW, Future capacity? Current implementation progress status?
(Sanitation White Book – 2007): 68% septic tanks (in flood prone areas?),
24% “rivers as latrines” and 2% sewerage system.
SOLID WASTE Management: (Sanitation White Book – 2007): 50% of 1507
m³/day solid waste is collected.
m³/day solid waste dumped into the rivers and canals?
PUBLIC HEALTH RISK?, FLOOD RISK?, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT?
6. DRAINAGE PROBLEMS IN BANJARMASIN?
How to build up based on “robust and solid foundations”?
Banjarmasin population already demonstrated a high
knowledge and expertise on building on “solid
foundations”
How to build up a Drainage Management Strategy on
“solid foundations” for the benefit of Banjarmasin
population? → FLOOD RISK BASED APPROACH
RISK = PROBABILITY x CONSEQUENCES
7. Integrated Flood Risk & Drainage Management
Plan for Sustainable Development
Why IFR&DM Plan?
High impact in public health and in current process of
degradation of local environment
Basic planning methodology for sustainable andBasic planning methodology for sustainable and
achievable economic development (“Future Growth
Center” – Medium Term Plan Indonesia 2014-2019”)
Basic planning tool for robust and efficient “make-
decision” process at medium-long term – VALUE FOR
MONEY!
8. IFR&DM Plan
Main Flood Risk and Drainage Problems in Banjarmasin?
1. Insufficient drainage capacity for dealing with Existing Flood Risk:
High urban flood risk from insufficient conveyance and
storage capacity of existing drainage canals system
(dumped solid waste, siltation, invasion and reduction of
main rivers and canals) → Short-term action
High urban flood risk from insufficient protection against
sea and rivers levels affected by Ndal movements →
Medium-long term solution → “IFR&DM Plan ”
9. IFR&DM Plan
2. Insufficient Drainage Capacity and Flood Protection for dealing with
potential increased Future Flood Risk from several risk sources:
Climate Change Impacts (Increasing sea levels and
probability storm events of high intensity) → Medium-long
term solution → IFR&DMP
Increased Population (people potentially affected byIncreased Population (people potentially affected by
floods, increasing urban runoff and solid waste generation)
→ Medium-long term solution → IFR&DMP
Increased Level of Development – Industrialization
(Higher Costs from flooding, Increasing deforestation
process, sedimentation in rivers and main channels, natural
runoff) → Medium-long term solution → IFR&DMP
11. “Planning Layer” approach:
“First plan water, then think urban
development”“Water layer” guides
planning approach for other urban
components (Transport, Housing,
Industrial, etc.)
IFR&DM Plan: Future Urban Development based on
Water and Natural resources
Public
Housing
Industrial, etc.)
Natural dimension of water resources
determine future developent
Land Use is determined based on water
requirements (floodplain) and natural
resources (ecosystems)
Water
Road
Public
12. IFR&DM Plan: “Blue – Green Framework”
Future Land Use Templates
1. An interconnected blue-green
system & road network
2. Providing space for rivers and
drainage canals
3. Providing space for green areas
(Ecosystems benefits: economics,
social and environmental)social and environmental)
4. Compact Community Settlements
(Administration use, Commercial
and Industrial use, Educational
and Health uses, etc.
13. IFR&DM Plan – Part 1: Short Term Action
Main Canals - Rehabilitation Programme – ACCELERATION!
Drainase Primer: 57 km → 6 km (10.5%) → 51 km (89.5%)
Drainase Sekunder: 228 km → (76 km (33%) → 152 km (67%)
Drainase Tersier: 98 km → (23 km (23.5%) → 75 km (76.5%)
Optimizing Existing Drainage System and Empowering “Water Resource
and Drainage Office” Capacity and Capabilities
3.- Widen channels
1.- Clean out debris
2.- Install bridge or box culverts
to make larger opening for
debris
14. IFR&DM Plan – Part 1: Short Term Action
Solid Waste Collection Programme – SETTING UP!
Huge problem in Banjarmasin creating obstruction of channel cross
section, lost hydraulic gradient (NO FLOW) and storage capacity (NO
STORAGE)
Optimizing Existing Drainage System and Empowering “Water Resource
and Drainage Office” Capacity and Capabilities
Main Canals Operation & Maintenance Programme – SETTING UP &
SUPPORTING!
Once main channels are rehabilitated, a rigorous programme for operation
and maintenance programme must be implemented
EMPOWERMENT OF LOCAL AGENCY (Real Financial & Technical
Capacity)?
15. IFR&DM Plan – Part 2: Medium-Term Action
Improve knowledge of HYDRAULIC performance of existing drainage
system: Preparing Basic Data for Tender of “IDR&DM Plan”
Existing storage capacity (m³ storm water) of the system?
Potential future capacity?
Production of System Plans (CAD/GIS) – System Survey
Existing conveyance capacity (m³/s storm water) of theExisting conveyance capacity (m³/s storm water) of the
system? Potential future capacity?
Production of System Profiles and X-Sections (CAD)
System Topographical Survey – Canal levels in different X-
Sections, Levels in Riverside Walls, Levels in Flow Control
Structures and in Key Public Services (WTW, WWTW,
Electricity Generation & Distribution Stations, etc.)
16. IFR&DM Plan – Part 2: Medium-Term Action
Improve knowledge of HYDRAULIC performance of existing drainage system:
What is the existing LEVELS & FLOWS distribution?
Production of Drainage System Database (Channels &
Flow Control Structures) in Spreadsheet to be exported toFlow Control Structures) in Spreadsheet to be exported to
GIS
Implementation of Drainage – Geographical Information
System
17. IFR&DM Plan – Part 2: Medium-Term Action
Improve knowledge of HYDROLOGIC performance. Preparing Basic HYDROLOGIC Data
for Tender of “Integrated Flood Risk & Drainage Master Plan”
Collection & Analysis of existing data on Sea and Tide
Movements Levels from national data sources
Wave impact on flood defences from sea and on existing
houses from transport waterways?
Estimation of Barito, Martapura and Alalak Rivers Flows inEstimation of Barito, Martapura and Alalak Rivers Flows in
Normal - Average Meteorological Conditions
Estimation of 10 Main Channels Flows in Normal - Average
Meteorological Conditions
18. IFR&DM Plan – Part 2: Medium-Term Action
Preparation of Basic HYDROLOGIC Data for Tender of “Integrated Flood
Risk & Drainage Master Plan”
Definition and Characterization of Main River Natural
Contributing Catchments. Collection of information on
existing and planned regulation projects (Dams located
Upstream of Banjarmasin)
Definition and Characterization of Main 10 ChannelsDefinition and Characterization of Main 10 Channels
Natural/Urban Contributing Catchments. Is sufficient
precise Banjarmasin Topographical Survey?
Collection & Analysis of regional Meteorological
Conditions in South Kalimantan (Precipitations,
Temperature, Evapotranspiration, etc.)
19. IFR&DM Plan – Part 2: Medium-Term Action
Preparing Basic HYDROLOGIC Data for Tender of “Integrated Flood Risk
& Drainage Master Plan”
Regional “Flood Estimation” Study – Hydrologic Modelling
for Flood Risk Assessment
Flow-Frequency curves, Intensity-Duration-Frequency
Curves
Analysis of Flood Risk Sources (Tidal FR, Fluvial FR, Foul
Sewer Network FR) based on Risk Approach and FloodSewer Network FR) based on Risk Approach and Flood
Mapping Exercise
Flood Risk = Probability x Consequences
Spatial and Temporal Structure of Flows and Levels by
Hydraulic System Modelling
20. IFR&DM Plan – Part 3: Long-Term Strategy
Once “Integrated Flood Risk & Drainage Master Plan” is produced:
Based on “Flood Risk & Level of Protection” to be
provided, Analysis of Alternatives (Engineering & Non-
Structural) and Cost-Benefit Analysis
Legislation, Regulation and Institutional Framework
Production of Plan of Investments and Financial SupportProduction of Plan of Investments and Financial Support
(Public, Private and PPP)
Implementation of Preferred Options (PD&DD, Tender &
Construction Stages) and Implementation of O&M Plan
Therefore, will you build up based on solid foundations?
SURE, TERIMA KASIH!
21. Discussion on Technical Solutions
“Space for Rivers” <> “Flood River Protections” (“Room for
the Rivers” Project (Netherlands, 2001-2015); “Not to
ensure against flood risk” policy (Netherlands, UK),
floodplains and flood storage rehabilitation, Ecosystems
Services Benefits in the Master Plan
• Ecosystems Tangible Economic Benefits
•Food: mango, banana, rambutan
•Fiber/Resin: rubber•Fiber/Resin: rubber
•Timber: galam
•Fuel: peat (gambut)
• Ecosystems Intangible Economic Benefits
•Water quality
•Flood regulation
•Shoreline protection
•Soil conservation
22. Discussion on Technical Solutions
“Emergency Floodhills” → Flood Alerts, EvacuaJon,
Emergency Response and Recovery? Meuse Valley Flood
(Netherlands 1993 and 1995), Tsunami (Indonesia 2004,
Japan 2011), Cyclone Katrine (USA 2005), Cyclone Xynthia
(France 2010), Cyclone Yolanda (Philippines 2013) →
Awareness!
1. National Policy for “Disaster
Mitigation & Relief”?Mitigation & Relief”?
2. IFR&DM Plan to look at future
potential disaster events?
23. Discussion on Technical Solutions
Sedimentation process → DeforestaJon Process?
Legislation & Regulation? Environmental Awareness!
Banjarmasin prominent ecosystems for conservation
from urban development (clearing, land filling, etc.)
KanalKanal AwangAwang JafriJafri ZamZam ZamZam
SungaiSungai MartapuraMartapura
24. Discussion on Technical Solutions
Sea Flood defences (Polder developments, Dyke-Rings, Large
Shipping Locks, Sea gates, Flood Pumping Stations, etc.) – Large
Capital Investment? Operational & Maintenance Expenses?
(Netherlands – 1000 years of accommodation process!)
25. Discussion on Technical Solutions
Sea Flood defences (Polder developments, Dyke-Rings, Large
Shipping Locks, Sea gates, Flood Pumping Stations, etc.) – Large
Capital Investment? Operational & Maintenance Expenses?
(Netherlands – 1000 years of accommodation process!)
Best Long Term
solution forsolution for
Banjarmasin?
Achievable
solution for
Banjarmasin?
