2. Word Search:_______________________
A N N O S P O L I T S S A W Q R E A L Y
N N A K O W A T E R S I C O N S D A I L
G W T O C F G H I S T O R Y C J V L N O
R E B R I H A Y A B U S A W P W O B G O
Y C L V O V B C I T Y B G J S V G V U D
B O G W L P H Y S I C S G V Y L G W I S
I N R O O L O L W E O R C F C J J J S V
R O L J G H V L V B A N F A H F U E T D
D M V G Y W J G O B S A H P O R L S I C
G I M I Y A B I W G T N A L L E A T C L
O C H I L D A L A N Y A C E O Y K E S I
R S E C O N O M S L E G O T G A A S L N
D L H J V D E M O G R A P H Y A I S A T
P O L I T I C A L S C I E N C E B H A S
G E O G R A P H G B V Y T R D A S D G J
4. Social Science Disciplines
Social science is a category of academic
disciplines, concerned with society and the
relationships among individuals within a society.
Social science as a whole has many branches.
These social sciences include, but are not limited
to: anthropology, archaeology, communication
studies, economics, history, musicology, human
geography, jurisprudence, linguistics, political
science, psychology, public health, and sociology.
5.
6. ANTHROPOLOGY
What is Anthropology?
Anthropology is the systematic study of
humanity, with the goal of understanding our
evolutionary origins, our distinctiveness as a
species, and the great diversity in our forms
of social existence across the world and
through time.
Anthropology is divided into three subfields:
cultural, linguistics, physical and
archaeology.
7. ANTHROPHOLOGY : HISTORY
History Of Anthropology:
A. Origins
B. Imperialism and Increased Contact with Other Cultures
C. The Beginnings of Modern Anthropology
C.1. Evolutionary Theory
C.2. Anthropological Evolutionary Theories
C.3. Cultural Evolution, Colonialism, and Social Darwinism
D. New Directions in Theory and Research
D.1. The Influence of Boas
D.2. Functionalism
D.3. Structuralism
D.4. Cultural Materialism and Cultural Ecology
D.5. Symbolic Anthropology
8. Research Methods : Anthropology
Research Methods:
A. Cultural Immersion
B. Human Ecology
C. Linguistic Analysis
D. Archaeological Analysis
E. Physical Anthropological
Research
9. PSYCHOLOGY
What is Psychology?
Psychology, scientific discipline that studies
mental states and processes and behaviour in
humans and other animals.
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind
and behavior.Psychology is a multifaceted
discipline and includes many sub-fields of
study such areas as human development,
sports, health, clinical, social behavior and
cognitive processes.
10. PSYCHOLOGY : Areas Of Study
What are the Areas of Study within Psychology?
Biological psychologists
Clinical psychology
Cognitive psychology
Developmental psychology
Educational psychology
Industrial and organizational psychology
Personality psychology
Social psychologists
Evolutionary psychology
Quantitative psychology
Health psychology
Sports psychology
11. Psychology : History
History of Psychology
Early History
Behaviourism
Freud And His Followers
After World War II And Sputnik
Impact And Aftermath Of The Cognitive Revolution
Linking Mind, Brain, And Behaviour
Social cognitive neuroscience
Epigenetics
Evolving Scope And Structure Of Psychological Science
12. Psychology : Research Methods
Research Methods
Multiple tools and methods for diverse goals
An extremely wide range of diverse research methods
are used by psychological scientists to pursue their
particular goals.
Complex data-analysis methods
The astonishing growth in computational power that
began in the final decades of the 20th century
transformed research on methods of data analysis in
psychology.
13. HISTORY
What is History?
History, the discipline that studies the
chronological record of events (as affecting a
nation or people), based on a critical examination
of source materials and usually presenting an
explanation of their causes.
History is the study of the human past as it is
described in the written documents left by
human beings.
14. History : Origins of History
Origins of History
Description
History and prehistory
Historiography
Philosophy of history
Historical methods
Marxian theory of history
15. History : Areas Of Study
Areas Of Study
Periods
Prehistoric Periodisation
Geographical locations
Regions
Military history
History of religion
Social history
Cultural history
Diplomatic history
Economic history
Environmental history
World history
People's history
Intellectual history
Gender history
Public history
The judgement of history
Pseudohistory
16. GEOGRAPHY
What is Geography?
Geography, the study of the diverse environments,
places, and spaces of Earth’s surface and their
interactions. It seeks to answer the questions of why
things are as they are, where they are.
The modern academic discipline of geography is
rooted in ancient practice, concerned with the
characteristics of places, in particular their natural
environments and peoples, as well as the relations
between the two.
17. Geography : Historical Development
Historical Development Of Geography
The emergence of geography: exploration and mapping
Geography and education: the 19th-century creation of an
academic discipline
Geography’s early research agenda in Europe
Geography in the United States
The development of academic geography in the United Kingdom
Geography After 1945
Geography as a science: a new research agenda
18. Geography : Methods and machines
Methods and machines:
Mapmaking and remote sensing
Computational analysis
Geographic information systems
Growth, depth, and fragmentation in the late 20th
century
Influence of the social sciences
Linking the human and physical worlds
20. DEMOGRAPHY
What is Demography?
Demography is the scientific study of the
size, composition, and distribution of human populations,
and their changes resulting from fertility, mortality, and
migration.
Demography is concerned with how large (or small)
populations are, that is, their size; how the populations are
composed according to age, sex, race, marital status, and
other characteristics, that is, their composition; and how
populations are distributed in physical space (e.g., how
urban and rural they are), that is, their spatial distribution
(Bogue 1969).
21. Demography : Demographic Processes
Demographic Processes
Demographic processes are the changes in
populations that affect the distribution of people in
geographic areas. These processes include the
birthrate, the death rate and migration.
• The birthrate
• The death rate
• Migration
Immigration
Internal migration
22. Demography : Father of Demography
Who is the Father of Demography?
That would be John Graunt.
John Graunt, (born April 24, 1620, London—died April
18, 1674, London), English statistician, generally
considered to be the founder of the science of demography,
the statistical study of human populations. His analysis of
the vital statistics of the London populace influenced the
pioneer demographic work of his friend Sir William
Petty and, even more importantly, that of Edmond Halley,
the astronomer royal.
23. Demography : Facts
The Materials of
Demography
The Analysts
Institutionalization
The Recent Past and the
Future
24. Demography : Methods
Methods
Direct methods
Direct data comes from vital statistics registries that track all
births and deaths as well as certain changes in legal status such
as marriage, divorce, and migration (registration of place of
residence).
Indirect methods
Indirect methods of collecting data are required in countries
and periods where full data are not available, such as is the case
in much of the developing world, and most of historical
demography.
25. POLITICAL SCIENCE
What is Political Science?
Political science, the systematic study of governance
by the application of empirical and generally scientific
methods of analysis. As traditionally defined and studied,
political science examines the state and its organs and
institutions.
The contemporary discipline, however, is considerably
broader than this, encompassing studies of all the societal,
cultural, and psychological factors that mutually influence
the operation of government and the body politic.
26. Political Science : Fields And Subfields
Fields And Subfields:
Domestic politics
Comparative politics
International relations
Political theory
Public administration
Public
Public policy
27. Political Science : Historical Developments
Historical Development:
Ancient influences
Early modern developments
19th-century roots of contemporary political
science
The early 20th century
Developments in the United States
Developments outside the United States
Post-World War II trends and debates
28. Political Science : Facts
Behavioralism
Political culture
Systems analysis
Theory of rational choice
Democratic theory
Enduring Debates In Political
Science
29. LINGUISTICS
What is Linguistics?
Linguistics, the scientific study of language.
The word was first used in the middle of the 19th century to
emphasize the difference between a newer approach to the study
of language that was then developing and the more traditional
approach of philology.
The differences were and are largely matters of attitude,
emphasis, and purpose.
The philologist is concerned primarily with the historical
development of languages as it is manifest in written texts and in
the context of the associated literature and culture.
30. Linguistics : History Of Linguistics
History of linguistics
Earlier history
Non-Western traditions
Greek and Roman antiquity
The European Middle Ages
The Renaissance
The 19th century
Development of the comparative
method
The role of analogy
Other 19th-century theories and
development
The 20th century
Structuralism
Transformational-generative
grammar
Tagmemic, stratificational, and
other approaches
31. Linguistics : Methods of Synchronic
Linguistic
Methods of synchronic linguistic
analysis:
• Structural linguistics
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
• Tagmemics
Modes of language
Hierarchy of levels
• Stratificational grammar
Technical terminology
Interstratal relationships
• The Prague school
Combination of structuralism
and functionalism
Phonological contributions
Theory of markedness
Later contributions
32. Linguistics : Historical (diachronic) linguistics
Historical (diachronic)
linguistics
• Linguistic change
Sound change
Grammatical change
Semantic change
Borrowing
• The comparative method
Grimm’s law
Proto-Indo-European
reconstruction
Steps in the comparative
method
Criticisms of the comparative
method
Internal reconstruction
Language classification
33. Linguistics :
Linguistics and other disciplines
• Psycholinguistics
Language acquisition by children
Speech perception
Other areas of research
• Sociolinguistics
Delineation of the field
Social dimensions
• Other relationships
Anthropological linguistics
Computational linguistics
Mathematical linguistics
Stylistics
Applied linguistics
Dialectology and linguistic geography
• Dialect geography
Early dialect studies
Dialect atlases
The value and applications of
dialectology
• Social dialectology
34. ECONOMICS
What is Economics?
Economics is the scientific study of the ownership,
use, and exchange of scarce resources - often shortened
to the science of scarcity.
Economics is regarded as a social science because it
uses scientific methods to build theories that can help
explain the behaviour of individuals, groups and
organisations.
Economics attempts to explain economic behaviour,
which arises when scarce resources are exchanged.
35. Economics : Historical Development of Economics
Historical Development of Economics:
Construction of a system
Marxism
The marginalists
The critics
Keynesian economics
Postwar developments
Radical critiques
36. Economics : Methodological Considerations
In Contemporary Economics
Methodological Considerations In Contemporary
Economics:
Methods of inference
Testing theories
Microeconomics
Theory of choice
Theory of allocation
Macroeconomics
Neoclassical economics
37. Economics : Fields Of Contemporary Economics
Fields Of Contemporary Economics
Money
Growth and development
Public finance
International economics
Labour
Industrial organization
Agriculture
Law and economics
Information economics
Financial economics
Other schools and fields of economics
38. SOCIOLOGY
What is Sociology?
Sociology, a social science that studies human societies,
their interactions, and the processes that preserve and
change them.
It does this by examining
the dynamics of constituent parts of societies such as
institutions, communities, populations, and gender, racial,
or age groups.
Sociology also studies social status or stratification, social
movements, and social change, as well as societal disorder
in the form of crime, deviance, and revolution.
39. Sociology : Historical Development Of Sociology
Historical Development Of Sociology:
Founding the discipline
Replacing Darwinist determinism
Economic determinism
Human ecology
Social psychology
Cultural theory
40. Sociology : Early Schools of Thought
Early schools of thought
Early functionalism
The functionalist-conflict debate
Rising segmentation of the discipline
Major Modern Developments
Social stratification
Interdisciplinary influences
41. Sociology : Methodological development in
contemporary sociology
Methodological development in contemporary
sociology:
Ecological patterning
Experiments
Statistics and mathematical analysis
Data collection
National methodological preferences
42. Sociology : Status Of Contemporary Sociology
Status Of Contemporary
Sociology:
Academic status
Scientific status
Current trends
Emerging roles for sociologists