sections of solids

1. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS

2. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
• Invisible features of an object are shown by dotted lines in
their projected views. But when such features are too many,
these lines make the views more complicated and difficult to
interpret.
• In such cases, it is customary to imagine the object as being cut
through or sectioned by planes. The part of the object between
the cutting plane and the observer is assumed to be removed
and the view is then shown in section.
• In such cases the object is cut by some imaginary cutting plane
to understand internal details of that object
Need of Section of solids
• Some objects are hollow. Their internal details are not visible
with the help of simple front view and top view.

3. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
θ°
Ø°
A.V.P.
 to HP &  to
VP
PLANES
PRINCIPAL PLANES
HP AND VP
AUXILIARY PLANES
Auxiliary Vertical Plane
(A.V.P.)
Profile Plane
( P.P.)
Auxiliary Inclined Plane
(A.I.P.)

4. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
TWO CUTTING ACTIONS MEANS SECTION PLANES ARE RECOMMENDED.
OBSERVER
ASSUME
UPPER PART
REMOVED
OBSERVER
ASSUME
LOWER PART
REMOVED
(A)
(B)
B) Section Plane perpendicular to HP and inclined to VP.
( This is a definition of an Aux. Vertical Plane i.e. A.V.P.)
NOTE:- This section plane appears as a straight line in TV.
A) Section Plane perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP.
( This is a definition of an Aux. Inclined Plane i.e. A.I.P.)
NOTE:- This section plane appears as a straight line in FV.

5. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
An A.V.P. appears as a straight line in its top view. The straight
line is its H.T.
So an A.V.P. always cuts T.V. of a solid
X Y
As per B.I.S. the cutting
plane is shown as centre line
inside the object and as solid
line out side the object
Remember:-
1. After launching a section plane
either in FV or TV, the part
towards observer is assumed to
be removed.
2. As far as possible the smaller
part is assumed to be removed.
H
T
Properties of section lines:
1. They are light.
2. Inclined at 45º with the reference line.
3. 1 to 2 mm apart.
observer

6. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
An A.I.P. appears as a straight line in its front view. The
straight line is its V.T.
So an A.I.P. always cuts F.V. of a solid
X Y
V
T
As per B.I.S. the cutting
plane is shown as
centre line inside the
object and as solid line
out side the object
Remember:-
1. After launching a section plane
either in FV or TV, the part
towards observer is assumed to
be removed.
2. As far as possible the smaller
part is assumed to be removed.
observer
Properties of section lines:
1. They are light.
2. Inclined at 45º with the
reference line.
3. 1 to 2 mm apart.

7. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
x y
TRUE SHAPE
Of SECTION
SECTION
PLANE
SECTION LINES
(450 to XY)
Apparent Shape
of section
SECTIONAL T.V.
For TV

8. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
Section Plane
Through Apex
Section Plane
Through Generators Section Plane Parallel
to end generator.
Section Plane
Parallel to Axis.
Triangle Ellipse
Hyperbola
Ellipse
Cylinder through
generators.
Sq. Pyramid through
all slant edges
Trapezium
Typical Section Planes
&
Typical Shapes of Sections.

9. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS

10. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A square pyramid, base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm
long, has its base on the HP with two edges of the base
perpendicular to the VP. It is cut by a section plane,
perpendicular to the VP, inclined at 45º to the HP and
bisecting the axis. Draw its sectional top view, sectional side
view and true shape of the section.

11. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
X
o’
a b
cd
o
a’ d’ b’ c’
1
2
3
4
2’ 3’
2
3
1
4
Sectional
Top
View
True
shape of
the
section
Y
a” b”d” c”
o”
1”4”
2”3”
Sectional
side
View
1’ 4’
2’ 3’1’ 4’

12. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A square pyramid, base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm
long, has its base on the HP and all the edges of the base
equally inclined to the VP. It is cut by a section plane,
perpendicular to the VP, inclined at 45º to the HP and
bisecting the axis. Draw its sectional top view, sectional side
view and true shape of the section.

13. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
X Y
45º
a
b
c
d
o
a’
b’
c’
d’
o’
1
2
3
4
1’
2’
3’
4’
X1
Y1
d”a” c”b”
o”
3”
2” 4”
1”
True
shape of
the
section
Sectional
side View
11
41
21
31
1’2’
3’ 4’
Sectional
Top View

14. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A pentagonal pyramid , base 30mm side and axis 60 mm
long is lying on one of its triangular faces on the HP with the
axis parallel to the VP. A vertical section plane, whose HT
bisects the top view of the axis and makes an angle of 30º with
the reference line, cuts the pyramid removing its top part. Draw
the top view, sectional front view and true shape of the section.

15. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
X
Y
a
b
c
d
e
o
a’ b’e’
c’d’
o’
60
30
c’d’ o’
a’
b’e’
a1
b1
c1
d1
e1
o1
1’
2’
3’4’
5’
6’
1
2
3
4
5
6
31’41’
21’
11’
61’
51’
1 2345 6

16. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A hexagonal pyramid, base 30 mm side and axis 65 mm
long is resting on its base on the HP, with two edges of the base
parallel to the VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to
VP and inclined at 45º to the HP, intersecting the axis at a point
25 mm above the base. Draw the front view, sectional top view,
sectional side view and true shape of the section.

17. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
a
b c
d
ef
a’ b’f’ c’e’ d’
o
o’
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1’7’
2’6’
3’5’
4’
25
65
X2
Y2
b”
c”
a”
d”
f”
e”
o”
1” 7”
2” 6”
3” 5”
4”
X Y
11
71
21
61
31
51
41
1’7’ 2’6’ 3’5’ 4’

18. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS

19. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A square prism base 40 mm side, axis 80 mm long, has
its base on the H.P. and its faces equally inclined to the V.P. It is
cut by a plane, perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 60º to the
H.P. and passing through a point on the axis, 55 mm above the
H.P. Draw its front view, sectional top view and another top
view on an A.I.P. parallel to the section plane.

20. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
X Y
a,1
45º
a’
b’
d’ c’
b,2
c,3
d,4
1’
2’
4’ 3’
5530°
p
q
r
s
t
p’
q’
r’
s’
t’x1
y1
a1
11
c1
31
d1
41
b1
21
t1
p1
s1
q1
r1

21. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A Hexagonal prism has a face on the H.P. and the axis
parallel to the V.P. It is cut by a vertical section plane the H.T. of
which makes an angle of 45 with XY and which cuts the axis at a
point 20 mm from one of its ends. Draw its sectional front view
and the true shape of the section. Side of base 25 mm long height
65mm.

22. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
X Y
a
b
c
d
e
f
a’ b’ c’
d’e’f’
2565
a’ b’ c’
d’e’f’
a’
b’
c’d’
e’
f’a’
b’
c’d’
e’
f’
d1
a1
b1
c1
e1
f1d1
a1
b1
c1
e1
f1
20
1’
2’
3’4’
5’
6’ 7’
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
31’ 41’
21’
11’
71’ 61’
51’
2 4 5
7
3
1 6

23. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A square prism axis 110 mm long is resting on its base in
the H.P. the edges of the base are equally inclined to the V.P.
The prism is cut by an A.I.P. passing through the mid point of
the axis in such a way that the true shape of the section is a
rhombus having diagonals of 100 mm and 50 mm. Draw the
projections and determine the inclination of A.I.P. with the H.P.

24. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
X Y
50 a
b
c
d
110
1
1’
2’ 4’
3’
2
3
4
Here we are not given side of base of square prism. But the shorter diagonal of the rhombus will be equal to base
diagonal of the prism. So to begin with, draw a square in the top view with base diagonal 50 mm.
The inclination of the cutting plane decides the length of longer diagonal. From the mid point of the axis cut two arcs
of 50 mm radius, one on long edge ‘a’ and the other on the long edge ‘c’
11
21
41
31
1’2’
4’
3’

25. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS

26. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A cylinder of 40 mm diameter, 60 mm height and having
its axis vertical, is cut by a section plane perpendicular to the
V.P., inclined at 45º to the H.P. and intersecting the axis 32 mm
above the base. Draw its front view, sectional top view, sectional
side view and true shape of the section.

27. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
X Y
Ø 40
60
32
45º
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1’ 2’ 3’
4’5’6’7’8’9’10’
11’ 12’
x1
y1
1” 2” 3” 4” 5’ 6” 7”
8”9”10”11”12”
p”4
p”3 p”5
p”2 p”6
p”1 p”7
p”12 p”8
p”11
p”9
p”10
p10 p4
p11
p3
p12
p2
p1
p9 p5
p6p8
p7
1’ 2’ 3’
4’5’6’7’8’9’10’
11’ 12’
p’1
p’2
p’3
p’4
p’5
p’6
p’7
p’8
p’9
p’10
p’11
p’12

28. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A cylinder 55 mm diameter and 65 mm long, has its
axis parallel to both the HP and the VP. It is cut by a vertical
section plane inclined at 30º to the VP so that axis is cut at a
point 25 mm from one of its ends and both the bases of
cylinder are partly cut. Draw its sectional front view and true
shape of the section.

29. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
X Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1’
2’
12’
3’
11’
4’
10’
5’
9’
6’
8’ 7’
1’
2’ 12’
3’ 11’
4’ 10’
5’ 9’
6’ 8’
7’
4
3,5
2,6
1,7
8,12
9,11
10
25
pd’
pi’
pb’
ph’
pc’
pg’
a
j
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
a
j
b c d e
fghi
pj’
pf’
pa’
pe’
pd’
pi’
pb’
ph’
pc’
pg’
pj’
pf’
pa’
pe’

30. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS

31. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A Cone base 75 mm diameter and axis 80 mm long is
resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by a section plane
perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 45º to the H.P. and cutting
the axis at a point 35 mm from the apex. Draw the front view,
sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the
section.

32. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
X Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1’
2’
12’
3’
11’
4’
10’
5’
9’
6’
8’ 7’
o
o’
35
a
b
k
c
d
l
e
f
g
h
i
j
a’
b’
k’
c’
d’
l’
e’
f’
g’
h’
i’
j’
X1
Y1
4” 5” 6” 7” 8” 9”10”
11”12”1”2”3”
o”
a”
b”
c”
d”
e”
f”
g”
h”
i”
j”
k”
l”

33. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A cone, base 75 mm diameter and axis 80 mm long is
resting on its base on the HP. It is cut by a section plane
perpendicular to the VP, and parallel to and 12 mm away from
one of its generators. Draw the front view, sectional top view
and true shape of the section and sectional side view.

34. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
x y
Ø75
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
80
10’ 11’
9’
12’
8’
1’7’ 2’
6’
3’
5’
4’
O
O’
X1
Y1
X2
Y2
1” 12”
2”
11”
3”
10” 9”
5”
8”
6”
7”
4”
O”

35. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A cone, diameter of the base 60 mm and axis 70 mm long
is resting on its base on the H.P. It is cut by an A.I.P. so that the
true shape of the section is an isosceles triangle having 50 mm
base. Draw the plan, the elevation and the true shape of the
section.

36. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
X Y
70
60
2525
o’
o
a
b
a’ b’
o1
a1
b1
a’ b’o’

37. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
A cone, base 45 mm diameter and axis 55 mm long is
resting on the H.P. on its base. It is cut by a section plane,
perpendicular to both the H.P. and the V.P. and 6 mm away from
the axis. Draw its front view, top view and sectional side view.

38. SH 1132 Engineering Graphics F. Y. B. Tech.
SECTIONS OF SOLIDS
6
45
55
a
b
c
e
d
f
g
1’
2
a’b’c’
e’
d’
f’
1
2’
3
4
5
6
7
o
3’
4’
5’
6’
7’
2’
1’
3’
4’
5’
6’
7’
a’ b’ c’ d’ e’ f’ g’
g’