2. Introduction
Mrs. M. T., a 70 years old female from Gorkha presented to
Gorkha hospital Emergency Department with complaints of
severe headache since morning
The headache was sudden in onset, intermittent in nature, dull
aching in character and 7/10 on visual analogue scale rating for
severity
No history of trauma, vomiting, photophobia, neck stiffness,
rash, visual symptoms, alcohol intoxication
3. No blurring of vision, no chest pain or heaviness, no
shortness of breath
No history of ischemic heart disease, stroke or chronic
kidney disease
Past history of COPD for 4 years (mMRC grade 2), HTN for 4
years. No other chronic illness. No surgical procedures
performed. Not under any medication at present. No
significant family history.
4. Risk Factors suggesting Serious Illness:
Age (70 years in the case)
Smoking (15 pack years)
Alcohol ( 1-2 glass locally made for last 50 years)
Salt intake (She loved salty foods and often added salt in pulse or/and curry)
Obesity (BMI was 24.03)
History of trauma
Systemic signs (fever, rash, stiff neck)
“Worst headache of my life” or change in frequency and severity
Known status of malignancy, HIV, immunosuppression
Focal neurological deficits
Diabetes mellitus
5. Examination:
GC: Fair, Moderately built
Vitals:
BP: 160/110 mm Hg (right) and 130/90 (left)
RR: 28 bpm
Pulse: 90 bpm, regular, normal volume, character, arterial wall
condition with no radioradial or radiofemoral delay
sP02: 93% in room air
6. Respiratory Examination:
Inspection: No visible deformity, scar marks, dilated veins,
No use of accessory muscles of respiration
Palpation: No tenderness, abnormal mass. Position of trachea
normal.
Percussion: Resonant note
Auscultation: B/L equal air entry with no added sounds
Cardiovascular examination:
S1, S2, M0
No raised JVP, apical impulse normal, no crepitation or swelling of
extremities
7. CNS Examination:
Well oriented to time, place and person
GCS: 15/15
Cranial nerves were grossly intact
Sensory and motor examination was normal
Reflexes were normal
No signs of meningeal irritation
No signs suggesting cerebellar lesions
8. GI Examination:
Inspection: Normal shape of abdomen, all quadrants moving equal
with respiration. No dilated veins, scar marks, pigmentation, visible
peristalsis. No any abnormal mass
Palpation: No local rise in temperature. Tenderness present on
deep palpation of RUQ.
Percussion: Each quadrant tympanic
Auscultation: Normal bowel sounds
PR examination was not done.
11. Management
Tab. Nifedipine 10 mg PO stat
Daily BP monitoring and charting at local pharmacy and
advice for follow up after a week in OPD
12. Issues in Management:
The patient was very reluctant to any treatment approaches including medications,
ECG and blood test
In spite of the fact that she was diagnosed 4 years ago with HTN, she refused to take
any medications. Apart from current treatment previously she only accepted PCM for
occasional fever.
She said and I quote:
“एकपटक ओखति खाएपछी सधै खानुपछछ र ओखतिले मेरो जिउ लाई कमिोर बनाउछ ।
बरु म करेला र िडिबुटी खाएर बस्छु ।”
(Translation: Once I consume allopathic medicine, it would make my body very weak. I
would rather prefer bitter gourd juice and local herbal products”
On being asked the origin of her belief, she argued that that was the basic fact
everyone ought to find cure naturally and modern medicines and hospital had made
people’s mind more artificial and corrupted
13. Health Promotion Advice:
Age (70 years in the case)
Smoking (15 pack years)
Alcohol (1-2 glass locally made alcohol for last 50 years)
Salt intake
14. Salt Intake Reduction:
For adults: WHO recommends that adults consume less than 5 g
(just under a teaspoon) of salt per day
Not adding salt during the preparation of food
Not having a salt shaker on the table
Limiting the consumption of salty snacks
Choosing products with lower sodium or salt content
15. Role of Health Care Workers & Family:
She could have her blood measure regularly measured in nearest
health post
Family members could actively participate in reducing the risk
factor for her condition and aid in providing a healthy diet
Motivation and support for lifestyle changes including quitting
smoking and alcohol
16. Clinical Research Question:
Prognosis and long term outcomes of hypertension in
cohort of people refusing evidence based medicine and
adopting alternative medicine?
17. Self-Reflection
In the dominant era of evidence based medicine, people still tend to favor
alternative modes of treatment to the extent of completely refusing it
She stated: “िडिबुटटले अटिलेसम्म काम गररराथ्यो। आि एकचोटी नगरेर बल्ल
अस्पिाल आउनुपर्यो”
(Translation: Herbal products were working fine till date. I only needed to come to
hospital as they didn’t worked well today)
Though people’s opinion may seem outright invalid at the first sight, the need to
show respect, utter patience and tolerance
The role of counseling is to provide all facts and figures implying truth not always to
persuade or to guarantee the dynamic change in patient’s opinion
No “all or none phenomenon” in medicine. Even though the patient is not
compliant, to the very least we could still provide some health promotion measures
or non invasive monitoring of their health condition