Wiki and E library

1. ASSIGNMENT
TECHNOLOGY AND COMMUNICATION
Submitted by
ANJANA V VIJAYAN
Roll no: 3
English

2. TOPIC
Web services: wiki, e-library

3. Wiki
A wiki is an application, typically a web application, which allows
collaborative modification, extension, or deletion of its content and
structure. In a typical wiki, text is written using a simplified mark-up
language (known as "wiki mark-up") or a rich-text editor. While a wiki is
a type of content management system, it differs from a blog or most
other such systems in that the content is created without any defined
owner or leader, and wikis have little implicit structure, allowing
structure to emerge according to the needs of the users. Wikis are a
prime example of groupware that supports the creation of community-
maintained resources.
The encyclopedia project Wikipedia is the most popular wiki on the
public web in terms of page views, but there are many sites running
many different kinds of wiki software. Wikis can serve many different
purposes both public and private, including knowledge management,
note taking, community websites and intranets. Some permit control
over different functions (levels of access). For example, editing rights
may permit changing, adding or removing material. Others may permit
access without enforcing access control. Other rules may also be
imposed to organize content.
A wiki is a website anyone can edit, where every page modification is
recorded and archived. The first wiki system, the WikiWikiWeb, was

4. invented by Ward Cunningham in 1995 to allow a group to easily and
quickly edit a set of web pages without having to know HTML or deal
with moving files back and forth to a web server. In addition to
reducing the technical barriers to creating web pages, wikis make it
easy for people to collaborate on writing tasks because the technology
of the wiki provides separate spaces for people to create content and
to discuss issues related to the content they are creating. Because of
their flexible structure, support for discussion, and ease of use, wikis
are an important platform for supporting online communities. The
official name is WikiWikiWeb, which means that it has the abbreviation
WWW, which shows clearly what it is all about. Just like the World
Wide Web, a wiki is based on an arbitrary number of Web pages that
present information. The word “wiki” is not an abbreviation, but a
Hawaiian-language word for “fast.” Some busses or taxis in Hawaii are
called “Wiki-Wiki.” A Wiki can present information fast, where “fast”
refers to the time from an idea to its presentation.
There are now many types of wiki software. These applications are
installed onto a web server and they handle the storage of files,
revision history, user Information, and other back-end data. Wikis are
created using this software.
CHARACTERISTIC’S OF WIKI
(1) A wiki invites all users to edit any page or to create new pages
within the wiki Web site, using only a plain-vanilla Web
browser without any extra add-ons.

5. (2) Wiki promotes meaningful topic associations between different
pages by making page link creation almost intuitively easy and
showing whether an intended target page exists or not.
(3) A wiki is not a carefully crafted site for casual visitors. Instead,
it seeks to involve the visitor in an ongoing process of creation
and collaboration that constantly changes the Web site
landscape.
(4) A wiki enables communities to write documents
collaboratively, using a simple mark-up language and a web
browser. A single page in a wiki website is referred to as a “wiki
page” while the entire collection of pages, which are usually
well interconnected by hyperlinks, is “the wiki”. A wiki is
essentially a database for creating, browsing, and searching
through information. A wiki allows non-linear, evolving,
complex and networked text, argument and interaction.
(5) A defining characteristic of wiki technology is the ease with
which pages can be created and updated. Generally, there is no
review before modifications are accepted. Many wikis are open
to alteration by the general public without requiring
registration of user accounts. Many edits can be made in real-
time and appear almost instantly online. However, this feature
facilitates abuse of the system. Private Wiki servers require
user authentication to edit pages, and sometimes even to read
them.

6. Advantages
 anyone can edit
 easy to use and learn
 Wikis are instantaneous so there is no need to wait for a publisher to create a new edition or
update information
 people located in different parts of the world can work on the same document
 the wiki software keeps track of every edit made and it's a simple process to revert back to a
previous version of an article
 widens access to the power of web publishing to non-technical users
 the wiki has no predetermined structure - consequently it is a flexible tool which can be used for
a wide rangeof applications
 there are a wide range of open source software wiki's to choose from so licensing costs
shouldn't be a barrier to installing an institutional wiki
Disadvantages
 Anyone can edit so this may be too open for some applications, for example confidential
documentation. However it is possible to regulateuser access.
 Open to SPAM and Vandalism if not managed properly. There are easy ways to restore a page
however, and on WikiEducator you must be logged in to edit pages so this reduces vandalism by
automated spam bots.
 Requires Internet connectivity to collaborate, but technologies to produce print versions of
articles are improving
 The flexibility of a wiki's structure can mean that information becomes disorganised. As a wiki
grows, the community plans and administers the structure collaboratively.
 The usual guidelines for healthy computer use apply

7. E-LIBRARY

8. An e-library or Digital library is a physical site and/ or website that
provide around the clock online access to digitized audio, video,
and written material. It provides free copies of books, journals, etc.
available to the users. Normally these materials are classics which have
no copyright digital formats (as opposed to print, microform, or other
media) and accessible by computers. The digital content may be stored
locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. A digital library is
a type of information retrieval system. Digital Libraries are an
increasingly popular research area that encompasses more than
traditional information retrieval or database methods and techniques.
Advantages of the e-library
No physical boundary: The user of an e-library need not to go to the
library physically, people from all over the world could gain access to
the same information, as long as an Internet connection is available.
Round the clock availability: Digital libraries can be accessed at any
time, 24 hours a day and 365 days of the year
Multiple accesses: The same resources can be used at the same time by
a number of users.
Structured approach: e-library provides access to much richer content
in a more structured manner i.e. we can easily move from the catalog
to the particular book then to a particular chapter and so on.

9. Information retrieval: The user is able to use any search term bellowing
to the word or phrase of the entire collection. E-library will provide very
user friendly interfaces, giving click able access to its resources.
Preservation and conservation: An exact copy of the original can be
made any number of times without any degradation in quality.
Space: Whereas traditional libraries are limited by storage space, e-
libraries have the potential to store much more information, simply
because digital information requires very little physical space to contain
them. When the library had no space for extension digitization is the
only solution.
Networking: A particular e-library can provide the link to any other
resources of other e-library very easily thus a seamlessly integrated
resource sharing can be achieved.
Cost: The cost of maintaining an e-library is much lower than that of a
traditional library. A traditional library must spend large sums of money
paying for staff, book maintains, rent, and additional books. e-libraries
do away with these fees.
Disadvantages of the E-Library
Copyright: Digitization violates the copy right law as the thought
content of one author can be freely transfer by other without his
acknowledgement.
Speed of access: - As more and more computer are connected to the
Internet its speed of access reasonably decreasing. If new technology

10. will not evolve to solve the problem then in near future Internet will be
full of error messages.
Initial cost is high: - The infrastructure cost of e-library i.e. the cost of
hardware, software; leasing communication circuit is generally very
high.
Bana width:- e-library will need high band for transfer of multimedia
resources but the band width is decreasing day by day due to its over
utilization .
Efficiency: - With the much larger volume of digital information, finding
the right material for a specific. Task becomes increasingly difficult.
Environment: e-libraries cannot reproduce the environment of a
traditional library. Many people also find reading printed material to be
easier than reading material on a computer screen.
Preservation: Due to technological developments, an e- library can
rapidly become out-of-date and its data may become inaccessible.
There are a number of reasons for building
digital libraries such as. information explosion, dwindling budgets of the
library, space problem, high information demand, available
technologies, etc. The other major points, which compel us for the
digitization of present-day libraries, are,
1. Documents and other materials hashed in the collection of
traditional libraries are deteriorating at a rapid rate.
2. Libraries with a unique collection of manuscripts and archives
should be digitized so that these rare materials should be
available for extensive access throughout.

11. 3. Digital Library Technology is to manage a lot of digital content
such as thousands of images, audio clips, etc.
4. The vast amount of information being created and stored each
day makes it more difficult to find specific information later. There
are electronic tools, which enable this to be done quickly and
easily by text search and also by the actual searching on the closer
texture and even in shapes in images.
5. Digital libraries enable greater access to the content. They are
capable of managing the content from multiple locations and
provide a way to enrich the teaching and learning environment
from the distance.
6. The information available on the web is not uniformly distributed
and only a small portion of which exists in print.

12. REFERENCE
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/wiki
https://www.lisbdnetwork.com/brief-information-e-library