this presentation is on a herb called Adiantum capillus veneris and it's medicinal properties by doing different tests.

1. Title:- biological activities of
Adiantum capillus- veneris
extracts.

2. Introduction
Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn. (Maidenhair fern) is a tufted fern belonging to Pteridaceae family
The herb is widely grown in warm-temperature to tropical, with high moisture content .
Adiantum generally occur in the mountainous region of throughout India; in plains they grow on
rocks inhabiting in shady places near swamps and on slopes of lower hills.
India is profusely rich in the history of medicinal plants and its 75% folk population is still using
herbal Preparation in the form of powder, extracts.
Maidenhair fern has been frequently used in Indian Traditional Medicine (ITM) for different
medicinal aspects. It was well known for thousands of years.

3.  They are mainly used as expectorant, diuretic, febrifuge, hair tonic, in chest diseases, to
treat hard tumoursin spleen, antimicrobial and anti cancerous .
They are also used as detoxicant in alcoholism and to expel worms from the body.
It is most effective for young women and those having trouble getting back on cycle after
birthing, nursing or coming of birth control pills.
(Brendler et al., 2008)

4. Review of literature
Paper Name Conclusion
Medicinal Properties of
Adiantum capillus - veneris
Linn. in Traditional Medicine
and Modern Phytotherapy
A. Capillus veneris frond can be a good candidate for clinical purpose.
However, in spite of different in vitro and in vivo researches, lack of
comprehensive clinical trials focused on considered activities are remaining
to establish the traditional information.
Medicinal plants possessed
antioxidant and free radical
scavenging effects
This review was designed to highlight the antioxidant effects and free
radical scavenging activity of medicinal plants.

5. Aim and Objectives
The aim of the present study was to find out the medicinal efficacy of Adiantum Capillus Veneris leaf
extract and the aim was achieved by following objective:-
i. Collection and Preparation of crude extract in methanol and water
ii. Qualitative and quantitative study of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris
iii. Analysis of antioxidant activity of Adiantum Capillus-Veneris methanolic extracts

6. MATERIALS
AND
METHODS

7. Qualitative screening of phytochemicals
The phytochemical screening of different extracts was be carried out to
determine the presence of active secondary metabolites.
The plant extracts was screened for the presence of reducing sugars, alkaloids,
saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids, according to establish
procedures.

8. Phytochemical screening methods
Qualitative analysis
Phytochemical Tests Reagents Positive result
Alkaloids • Dragendorff’s test
• Wagner test
• Mayer test
• Dragendorff’s reagent
• Wagner’s reagent
• 1% Hcl mayer’s reagent
• Prominent yellow precipitate
• Reddish brown precipitate
• Turbid extract is
obtained
Flavonoids • Ammonia test
• Sodium hydroxides test
• 1% NH3
• 20% NaOH . HCL
• Yellow colour
• Yellow colour turns to colourless
Tannins • Ferric chloride test • 5% Fecl3 • Blue-black or blue-green colouration
Phenolic • Gelatine test
• Lead acetate test
• Ellagic acid test
• 1% gelatine solution
containing 10%Nacl
• 10%lead acetate
• 5%glacial acetic acid
• White precipitate
• Bulky white precipitate
• Muddy brown

9. Saponins Foam test 20ml H2O mixed Presence of froth
Terpenoids • Salkowski test • 0.5ml chloroform 1ml cons.
H2SO4
• Reddish brown colouration
carbohydrate • Molisch test • Cons.HCl • Violet ring
Proteins • Biuret test • 4%NaOH,1%CuSO4 • Violet or pink colour

10. Choice of solvents
Successfully determination of biologically active compound depends on the type of solvent used in the extraction
procedure.
Solvents used for active component extraction
Solvents Methanol
Alkaloids +
Anthocyanin -
Flavonoids +
Steroids +
Tannins +

11. Quantitative screening of phytochemicals
Quantification of Total Phenolic contents
Total phenolic content of each plant extract was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method
Concentration used was 25µl, 50µl, 75µl and 100µl
solution was mixed with 10µl of fresh Folin Ciocalteu reagent
And then add 100µl of Na2CO3 (7.5%) sol. and 130µl of distilled water.
The plates were incubated for 90 minutes at 300 C. The absorbance was measured at 750nm.
The results were expressed as Gallic acid equivalents (mg gallic acid/g dried extract).

12. C=
𝑐∗𝑉
𝑚
Equation for calculating Total Phenol Content
Al Snafi et al (2015)

13. Total Phenol content Result

14. Quantification of Total flavonoid contents
Aluminium chloride method ( Kumar et al., 2016)
Total flavonoid content was calculated from calibration curve of quercetin (5-100 μg/ml) and expressed in terms of
quercetin equivalents (QE) per gram of the extract.
The total content of phenolic compounds in the plant extracts in QE equivalents (QE) was calculated using the
following equation-
C=
𝑐∗𝑉
𝑚
where ‘C’ is total content of phenolic compounds in mg/g plant extract in QE, ‘c’ is the concentration of quercetin
estimated from the calibration curve (mg/ml), ‘V’ is the volume of extract in ml and m is the weight of crude plant
extract in grams.
Al Snafi:, et al (2015)

15. Total flavonoid content Result

16. Nitric oxide assay
Chemicals Required
Phosphate buffer saline PBS PH 7.4, sodium nitroprusside,
sulfanilic acid, Naphthylethylene diamine dihydrochloride
(NED)
Methodology
2 ml of sodium nitroprusside in 0.5 ml of PBS was mixed with 0.5 ml of extract at various
concentrations
incubated at 23°C for 150 min
0.5 ml was taken out from the incubated solution and added into 1 ml of sulfanilic acid reagent
(0.33 % in 20 % glacial acetic acid)
incubated at RT 23°C for 5 min

17. Finally, 1 ml of NED (0.1% v/v) was mixed
incubated at RT for 30 min
absorbance at 540 nm was measured with a
spectrophotometer
The NO radical scavenging activity was calculated according to
the following equation:
Where Ao = absorbance of the control (blank, without extract); As = absorbance in
the presence of the extrac
Kumar et al (2009)

18. Result For Nitric Oxide Test
Nitric oxide scavenging activity Adiantum capillus veneris
0 200 400 600
0
20
40
60
80
100
methanolic leaf extract
positive control
(Ascorbic acid)
concentration of extract in g/ml
pecentageinhibition

19. Chemicals Required
Methionine, EDTA, sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.8)
Nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT)
Methodology
superoxide anion was generated in 3 ml of tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), containing 1 ml NBT
solution, 1 ml of NADH, 0.3 ml of different concentrations of the extract
reaction was initiated by adding 0.75 ml
phenazine methosulfate to the mixture
incubated at RT 23°C for 5 min
absorbance at 560 nm was measured with a
spectrophotometer
Super Oxide Scavenging Assay

20. Superoxide radical scavenging activity was calculated according to the following
equation:
Ao = absorbance of the blank without extract (control); As = absorbance in presence of
extract
(Pan chen et al., 2011)

21. SOD RESULTS

22. DPPH Scavenging Assay
DPPH solution (0.004% w/v) was prepared in 95% of methanol
A Stock solution of methanoic extract and standard ascorbic acid was prepared in the concentration of
10mg/10ml
From stock solution 20ml, 40ml, 60ml, 80ml, 100ml of this solution was taken in five test tube respectively
2ml of freshly prepared DPPH solution were added in each of the test tubes
The reaction mixture was incubated in dark for 15 min and thereafter the optical density was recorded at 523nm
Against the blank.

23. For the control, 2ml of DPPH solution in methanol was mixed with 100ml of ethanol and the optical density of the
Solution was recorded after 30 min . The assay was carried out in triplicates.
RESULT
DPPH scavenging activity Adiantum capillus veneris
0 200 400 600
0
20
40
60
80
100
methanolic leaf extract
positive control
(Ascorbic acid)
concentration of extract in g/ml
pecentageinhibition

24. • Pan, C.; Chen, Y.G.; Ma, X.Y.; Jiang, J.H.; He, F.; Zhang, Y. Phytochemical constituents and
pharmacological activities of plants from the genus Adiantum: A review. Trop. J. Pharm.
Res. 2011, 10, 681–692.
• Kumar, N. Important medicinal plants of tehsil Joginder Nagar, district Mandi, H.P., India.
Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biosci. 2014, 4, 15–21.
• Al-Snafi AE. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Adiantum capillus-veneris-
A review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 2015; 5(2): 106-111.
• Ishaq MS, Hussain MM, Afridi MS et al (2014). In vitro phytochemical, antibacterial,
and antifungal activities of leaf, stem, and root extracts of Adiantum capillus veneris.
ScientificWorldJournal, 2014:269793.
REFERENCES

25. Acknowledgment
• I would like to express by special thanks of gratitude to my project guide xyz
as well as our mentor abc who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
Project on the topic which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I come to know about
So many things.
• Secondly I would also like to thank my lab collegues who helped me a lot in finishing project
Within the limited time. It helped me increase my knowledge and skills.

26. THANK YOU