Nuclear disasters occur from nuclear reactions during fission or fusion explosions. Examples of fission include atomic and hydrogen bombs, while fusion examples are hydrogen and fusion bombs. Radiation can cause both stochastic effects like cancer where risk increases with dose and deterministic effects like radiation burns above a threshold dose where severity increases with dose. Major nuclear disasters include the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Three Mile Island accident, the Kyshtym disaster in Russia, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in Japan. Chemical disasters result from irresponsible handling and misuse of industrial chemicals that can cause widespread harm.

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•Nuclear Disaster is a type of explosion during its force from nuclear
reactions of fission or fusion. E.g. Of Fission are atomic bombs and
fission bombs .E.g. Of Fusion are Hydrogen bombs and fusion Bombs
• Some effects of radiation on human health are stochastic meaning
that their probability of occurrence increases with dose, while the
severity is independent of dose.
• Examples:-Radiation-induced cancer, tetrogenesis, cognitive
decline, and heart disease.
• Other conditions such as radiation burns, acute radiation
syndrome, chronic radiation syndrome, and radiation-induced
thyroiditis are deterministic, meaning they reliably occur above a
threshold dose, and their severity increases with dose.

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•Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japan (1945)
•3 Mile Islands, USA (1979)
•Tomsk, Russia (1993)
•Fukushima Daiichi, Japan (2011)

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•These are referred as poor man’s nuclear bomb
as these are easy to manufacture, transport and
have the ability to kill hundreds and
thousands of people.
•They are delivered using dusting airplanes or
small perfumes atomizers. They have ability to
generate immediate effects.

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•Disaster that are caused by excessive use
and misuse of chemicals in industry are
called Chemical disaster.
•The irresponsible handling of powerful
chemical can cause widespread devastation.

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